Weather Chapter Quiz CPL
Given the following METAR, what is the maximum altitude to maintain VFR below the ceiling in Class E airspace below 10,000 feet MSL?
METAR KHOB 151250Z 17006KT 4SM BKN025 OVC040 13/11 A2998
3,500 feet AGL.
3,900 feet AGL.
2,000 feet AGL.
(Refer to figure 52) Just before starting your engine at Rancho Murieta (point 6 - KRIU), you observe rain showers moving in earlier than expected. How can you get an update on the weather?
Tune in to the Sacramento Airport ATIS on 118.325.
Contact Rancho Murieta Radio on 255.4 or call Flight Service at 1-800-WX-BRIEF from your phone.
Contact Rancho Murieta Radio on 122.2 or call Flight Service at 1-800-WX-BRIEF from your phone.
While on approach for landing, under clear skies with convective turbulence a few hours after sunrise, one should:
GIVEN:
Winds at 3,000 feet AGL: 30 kts
Surface winds:Calm
increase approach airspeed slightly above normal to avoid stalling.
not alter the approach airspeed; these conditions are nearly ideal.
keep the approach airspeed at or slightly below normal to compensate for floating.
During the takeoff roll, you notice the airspeed freezes for a few seconds while the airplane continues to accelerate. What is likely the cause?
Gusty crosswinds.
There is wind shear leading to decreasing headwind or increasing tailwind.
Airspeed indicator malfunction.
Thrust is managed to maintain IAS, and glide slope is being flown. What characteristics should be observed when a headwind shears to be a constant tailwind?
PITCH ATTITUDE: Increases; REQUIRED THRUST: Reduced, then increased; VERTICAL SPEED: Decreases; IAS: Decreases, then increases to approach speed.
PITCH ATTITUDE: Increases; REQUIRED THRUST: Increased, then reduced; VERTICAL SPEED: Increases; IAS: Increases, then decreases to approach speed.
PITCH ATTITUDE: Decreases; REQUIRED THRUST: Increased, then reduced; VERTICAL SPEED: Increases; IAS: Decreases, then increases to approach speed.
During departure, under conditions of suspected low-level wind shear, a sudden decrease in headwind will cause
a loss in airspeed equal to the decrease in wind velocity.
no change in airspeed, but groundspeed will decrease.
a gain in airspeed equal to the decrease in wind velocity.
You're on final approach to an urban airport on a windy day, which has tall buildings on the upwind side of the final approach course. What conditions should be anticipated?
Expect turbulence and wind gusts changing rapidly in speed and direction.
The buildings will block the gusty winds and create a localized area of calm conditions downwind of the structures.
Buildings have little effect the wind flow pattern when close to the ground.
Refer to the excerpt from the following METAR report:
KTUS 08004KT 4SM HZ 26/04 A2995 RMK RAE36
At approximately what altitude AGL should bases of convective-type cumuliform clouds be expected?
4,400 feet.
8,800 feet.
17,600 feet.
(Refer to Figure 71.) What is the next valid time for the 12-hour significant weather prognostic chart?
0600Z.
1200Z.
1800Z.
What time are thunderstorms forecast to arrive at KMIA?
KMIA 301503Z 3015/3118 21012KT P6SM SCT035 SCT250
FM301800 23010KT P6SM BKN250
TEMPO 3020/3023 −SHRA SCT050
FM310200 16015G23KT 4SM −TSRA BR OVC040CB
FM311400 18015G23KT P6SM BKN250
1800Z on the 30th.
After 0200Z on the 31st.
Between 2000 and 2300 on the 30th.
What type of information is included with inflight aviation weather advisories?
pilot reports and areas of low visibilities.
general flying conditions for enroute aircraft.
hazardous weather forecasts for enroute aircraft.
The visibility entry in a Terminal Aerodrome Forecast (TAF) of P6SM implies that the prevailing visibility is expected to be greater than
6 nautical miles.
6 kilometers.
6 statute miles.
Where are the overcast layers as reported in this PIREP?
HYI UA/OV HYI310005/TM 2105/FL013/TP BE20/SK BKN010-BKN030/OVC041-OVC044/OVC050-OVC100/TA 05/RM DURD
The overcast layers are from 1,300'-4,400', and then 5,000' with tops at 10,000'.
The overcast layers are from 1,000'-3,000', then 4,100'-4,400', and then 5,000' with tops at 10,000'.
The overcast layers are from 4,100'-4,400', and then 5,000' with tops at 10,000'.
What are the conditions described by the following SIGMET?
WSUS05 KKCI 171616
SLCO WS 171616
SIGMET OSCAR 1 VALID UNTIL 172016
SIGMET
CO NM
FROM 50SSE DEN TO TCC TO 20NE ABQ TO 20SSW DBL TO 50SSE DEN
OCNL SEV TURB BLW FL180. DUE TO STG LOW LVL WNDS. RPTD BY ACFT. CONDS CONTG BYD 2016Z.
Moderate chop repeated by aircraft.
From 50 south, southeast of Denver, there are thunderstorm cumulonimbus clouds to 20 northeast of Albuquerque.
Occasional severe turbulence below FL180 due to strong low level winds.
Which is true regarding the use of airborne weather-avoidance radar for the recognition of certain weather conditions?
The radar scope provides no assurance of avoiding instrument weather conditions.
The avoidance of hail is assured when flying between and just clear of the most intense echoes.
The clear area between intense echoes indicates that visual sighting of storms can be maintained when flying between the echoes.
(Refer to figure 70) What weather conditions are forecast for the state of Pennsylvania (area 5) on the Surface Prognostic Chart?
Rain is likely, with a 55% or greater chance for measurable rain.
There is a 25% chance of rain.
Thunderstorms.
(Refer to figure 71) The Low-Level Significant Weather Prog at 00Z indicates that the eastern half of Texas will likely experience:
ceilings less than 1,000 feet, and/or visibility less than 3 miles.
clear sky and visibility greater than 6 miles.
ceilings 1,000 to 3,000 feet and visibility 3 to 5 miles.
When weather information indicates that abnormally high barometric pressure exists, or will be above _____ inches of mercury, flight operations will not be authorized contrary to the requirements published in NOTAMs.
30.50
31.00
32.00
(Refer to figure 71) The Low-Level Significant Weather Prog at 12Z indicates that South Carolina (area 10) will likely experience:
ceilings 1,000 to 3,000 feet, and/or visibility 3 to 5 miles.
ceilings less than 1,000 feet, visibility less than 3 miles.
Freezing level at the surface.
(Refer to figure 71) At what altitude does the 12-Hour Low-Level Significant Weather Prog forecast the freezing level to be at across central Oregon at 00Z?
8,000' MSL.
800' MSL.
4,000' MSL
(Refer to figure 70) What weather conditions are forecast for the southernmost region of Indiana (area 3) on the Surface Prognostic Chart?
A chance of thunderstorms, with a probability between 25% and 55% that they will develop in the area.
A greater than 55% chance that severe thunderstorms will develop.
Ice storm.
What are the sky conditions as reported in this PIREP?
PIA UA/OV KPIA130003/TM 1354/FL025/TP CRJ2/SK BKN025 TOP055 OVC075 TOP095/TA 07/ RM DURC RY13
Broken layer from 250' to 550' and an overcast base layer at 750' with tops at 950'.
There's a broken cloud layer at both 2,500' and 5,500', overcast layers at 7,500' and 9,500'.
Broken cloud layer at 2,500' with tops at 5,500' and an overcast layer at 7,500' with tops at 9,500'.
What can be inferred about the precipitation forecast in the following line of this TAF?
FM051400 22012KT P6SM BKN070 PROB40 0514/0518 3SM +TSRA
There's a 40% chance of moderate thunderstorms with heavy rain with 3 statute miles visibility.
There's a 40% chance of heavy thunderstorms and rain with 3 statute miles visibility.
There's a 40% chance of thunderstorms with heavy rain with 3 statute miles visibility.
What wind is forecast for STL at 9,000 feet?
DATA BASED ON 151200Z VALID 151800Z FOR USE 1700-2100Z TEMPS NEG ABV 24000
|
FT |
3000 |
6000 |
9000 |
12000 |
18000 |
24000 |
30000 |
34000 |
39000 |
|
STL |
2113 |
2325+07 |
2332+02 |
2339-04 |
2356-16 |
2373-27 |
239440 |
730649 |
731960 |
230° true at 32 knots.
230° magnetic at 25 knots.
230° true at 25 knots.
The visibility reported by a pilot is:
UA/OV OKC 063064/TM 1522/FL080/TP C172/SK 090 OVC/WX FV03/TA -04/WV 245040/TB LGT/RM IN CLR.
9 SM.
3 SM.
4 SM.
(Refer to figure 71) The 12-hour U.S. Low-Level Significant Weather Surface Prog Chart at 00Z indicates that central California and Nevada can expect:
Moderate or greater turbulence from 18,000' MSL to 24,000' MSL.
Severe turbulence below 24,000' MSL.
Thunderstorms with severe turbulence.
(Refer to figure 69) What is the purpose of the WPC Surface Prog Chart?
A forecast of surface pressure systems, fronts and precipitation.
A graphical overview of the current location of fronts and precipitation.
To forecast the location of hazardous weather conditions for pilots.
(Refer to figure 69) What type of weather system extends from eastern Colorado into Kansas (above Area 2)?
A low-pressure system with a series of ridges extending north and south out of it.
A low-pressure system with a cold front extending to the east.
A low-pressure system with a stationary front leading out to the east.
The National Convective Weather Forecast (NCWF) is designed to be used in conjunction with the report and forecast information in which other product?
Terminal Aerodrome (TAF).
Convective SIGMET.
Convective Outlook.
What is the flight visibility observed by the pilot in the following PIREP?
EAU UA/OV EAU/ TM 1550/FL013/TP C650/SK OVC003/WX FV02SM BR/TA M01/RM TOPS 050
3 SM.
Flight visibility is not reported.
2 SM.
While flying a cross-country, you encounter turbulence that causes changes in aircraft attitude (but the aircraft remains in control) and the occupants feel definite strain against seatbelts. How should you report this to ATC or Flight Service?
Light Turbulence.
Heavy Turbulence.
Moderate Turbulence.
What atmospheric condition can be expected on a cool, clear night with little wind in a mountainous area?
Upslope fog.
Mountain wave turbulence.
Fog forming in valleys.
Where will you find the strongest turbulence when flying over a mountain range?
500 - 3,000 ft. above the mountain ridge
upwind of the mountain range
downwind of the mountain range.
Under which condition does advection fog usually form?
Moist air moving over colder ground or water.
A land breeze blowing a cold air mass over a warm water current.
Warm, moist air settling over a cool surface under no wind conditions.
The standard temperature lapse rate below the tropopause:
remains the same.
decreases.
increases.
The best way to avoid turbulence while flying in scattered cumulus is:
by flying at the fastest airspeed your aircraft will safely allow.
by flying below the clouds.
by flying above the clouds.
While taxiing out for takeoff you observe precipitation falling in the form of ice pellets. What weather phenomenon likely exists?
A temperature inversion aloft.
Strong wind shear will be present immediately after takeoff.
A cold front is about to pass.
The life cycle of a thunderstorm cell has three distinct stages:
Stratus stage, mature stage, and final stage.
Stratus stage, building stage, and mature stage.
Cumulus stage, mature stage, and dissipating stage.
What type of weather can one expect from moist, unstable air, and very warm surface temperatures?
Continuous heavy precipitation.
Fog and low stratus clouds.
Strong updrafts and cumulonimbus clouds.
Approaching to land, you see convective clouds over the airport with virga. This indicates:
the presence of a microburst.
an inversion.
stable air.
If severe turbulence is encountered during flight, the pilot should reduce the airspeed to
design-maneuvering speed.
maximum structural cruising speed.
minimum control speed.
Where is clear air turbulence most likely to be encountered?
Between 20,000 and 50,000 ft. in a cloud-free area
Between 3,000 and 10,000 ft in a cloud-free area
Near the surface of the Earth
What is of particular danger in regard to a gust front associated with a thunderstorm?
High-level wind shear.
Low-level wind shear.
Hail and freezing rain.
Flying over a turbulent mountain range, downdrafts caused by mountain waves will be found:
on the crest and downwind side of the mountain range for hundreds of miles.
on the upwind side of the mountain range up to 50 miles.
on the upwind side of the mountain range for hundreds of miles.
A pilot is entering an area where significant clear air turbulence has been reported. Which action is appropriate upon encountering the first ripple?
Maintain altitude and airspeed.
Enter a shallow climb or descent at maneuvering speed.
Adjust airspeed to that recommended for rough air.
Frost covering the upper surface of an airplane wing usually will cause
drag factors so large that sufficient speed cannot be obtained for takeoff.
the airplane to stall at an angle of attack that is lower than normal.
the airplane to stall at an angle of attack that is higher than normal.
Which type of wind shear is the most hazardous to pilots?
Convective wind shear.
Non-convective wind shear
Turbulence
Why is frost considered hazardous to flight operations?
Frost causes early airflow separation resulting in a loss of lift.
Frost decreases control effectiveness.
Frost changes the basic aerodynamic shape of the airfoil.
While avoiding a weather that is in your flightpath and flying over 20 miles from a thunderstorm, you are under the anvil of the cell. Is this a hazard?
No, you are at a safe distance from the cell.
Yes, hail can be discharged from the anvil.
Yes, this is still in the area of dissipation.
Flying en route to land, you notice virga and dust above the destination airport. You should:
proceed with caution and abort the landing should you encounter severe turbulence.
monitor the local AWOS/ASOS and make a decision whether or not to land.
fly away from the airport; it is a microburst.
In regard to the passage of a cold front, what weather indications can you expect?
High dew point and rising barometric pressure.
Low dew point and rising barometric pressure.
High dew point and falling barometric pressure.
Jet streams are relatively narrow bands of strong wind in the:
lower levels of the atmosphere.
mid levels of the atmosphere.
upper levels of the atmosphere.
At a coastal airport, the temperature and dew point are equal at 15°C, and the winds are 270° at 8 knots. What type of weather can you expect?
Turbulence and clear skies.
Low visibility with rime icing.
Fog, and the fog will intensify until the wind speed increases beyond 15 knots.
What happens to the stability of the air as lapse rate decreases?
Stability remains the same.
Stability increases.
Stability decreases.
What happens to the stability of the air as lapse rate increases?
Stability remains the same.
Stability decreases.
Stability increases.
What conditions are necessary for the formation of thunderstorms?
Lifting force, moist air, and extensive cloud cover.
High humidity, lifting force, and unstable conditions.
High humidity, high temperature, and cumulus clouds.
You have postponed your flight to allow a fast-moving cold front to pass your destination airport before your arrival. What weather conditions should you anticipate after the cold front has passed?
Low clouds, reduced visibility and showery, misty conditions.
Clear skies with gusty, turbulent winds and cooler temperatures.
A fast-moving squall line with high winds and thunderstorms.
Before an occluded front passes over an area, what sort of weather conditions might be expected?
Little to no precipitation and excellent visibility.
Precipitation and excellent visibility.
Precipitation and poor visibility.
How should you report large changes in altitude, attitude and brief loss of control?
Severe turbulence.
Extreme turbulence.
Moderate turbulence.
Every physical process of weather is accompanied by or is the result of
A heat exchange.
the movement of air.
a pressure differential.
What is the standard temperature at 10,000 feet?
-5 °C.
-15 °C.
+5 °C.
In the Northern Hemisphere, the wind is deflected to the
right by Coriolis force.
right by surface friction.
left by Coriolis force.
Why does the wind have a tendency to flow parallel to the isobars above the friction level?
Coriolis force tends to counterbalance the horizontal pressure gradient.
Coriolis force acts perpendicular to a line connecting the highs and lows.
Friction of the air with the Earth deflects the air perpendicular to the pressure gradient.
The wind system associated with a low-pressure area in the Northern Hemisphere is
an anticyclone and is caused by descending cold air.
a cyclone and is caused by Coriolis force.
an anticyclone and is caused by Coriolis force.
With regard to windflow patterns shown on surface analysis charts; when the isobars are
close together, the pressure gradient force is slight and wind velocities are weaker.
not close together, the pressure gradient force is greater and wind velocities are stronger.
close together, the pressure gradient force is greater and wind velocities are stronger.
What prevents air from flowing directly from high-pressure areas to low-pressure areas?
Coriolis force.
Surface friction.
Pressure gradient force.
While flying cross-country, in the Northern Hemisphere, you experience a continuous left crosswind which is associated with a major wind system. This indicates that you
are flying toward an area of generally unfavorable weather conditions.
have flown from an area of unfavorable weather conditions.
cannot determine weather conditions without knowing pressure changes.
Which is true with respect to a high or low pressure system?
A high-pressure area or ridge is an area of rising air.
A low-pressure area or trough is an area of descending air.
A high-pressure area or ridge is an area of descending air.
What is the standard temperature at 20,000 feet?
-15°C
-20 °C
-25°C
Which conditions are favorable for the formation of a surface-based temperature inversion?
Clear, cool nights with calm or light wind.
Area of unstable air rapidly transferring heat from the surface.
Broad areas of cumulus clouds with smooth, level bases at the same altitude.
What are the standard temperature and pressure values for sea level?
15 °C and 29.92 inches Hg.
59 °F and 1013.2 inches Hg.
15 °C and 29.92 Mb.
What causes wind?
The Earth’s rotation.
Air mass modification.
Pressure differences.
Which is true regarding high- or low-pressure systems?
A high-pressure area or ridge is an area of rising air.
A low-pressure area or trough is an area of rising air.
Both high- and low-pressure areas are characterized by descending air.
When flying into a low-pressure area in the Northern Hemisphere, the wind direction and velocity will be from the
left and decreasing.
left and increasing.
right and decreasing.
Which is true regarding actual air temperature and dewpoint temperature spread? The temperature spread
decreases as the relative humidity decreases.
decreases as the relative humidity increases.
increases as the relative humidity increases.
The general circulation of air associated with a high-pressure area in the Northern Hemisphere is
outward, downward, and clockwise.
outward, upward, and clockwise.
inward, downward, and clockwise.
Virga is best described as
streamers of precipitation trailing beneath clouds which evaporates before reaching the ground.
wall cloud torrents trailing beneath cumulonimbus clouds which dissipate before reaching the ground.
turbulent areas beneath cumulonimbus clouds.
Moisture is added to a parcel of air by
sublimation and condensation.
evaporation and condensation.
evaporation and sublimation.
Ice pellets encountered during flight normally are evidence that
a warm front has passed.
a warm front is about to pass.
there are thunderstorms in the area.
What is indicated if ice pellets are encountered at 8,000 feet?
Freezing rain at higher altitude.
You are approaching an area of thunderstorms.
You will encounter hail if you continue your flight.
Ice pellets encountered during flight are normally evidence that
a cold front has passed.
there are thunderstorms in the area.
freezing rain exists at higher altitudes.
When conditionally unstable air with high moisture content and very warm surface temperature is forecast, one can expect what type of weather?
Strong updrafts and stratonimbus clouds.
Restricted visibility near the surface over a large area.
Strong updrafts and cumulonimbus clouds.
What is the approximate base of the cumulus clouds if the temperature at 2,000 feet MSL is 10 °C and the dewpoint is 1 °C?
3,000 feet MSL.
4,000 feet MSL.
6,000 feet MSL.
If clouds form as a result of very stable, moist air being forced to ascend a mountain slope, the clouds will be
cirrus type with no vertical development or turbulence.
cumulus type with considerable vertical development and turbulence.
stratus type with little vertical development and little or no turbulence.
What determines the structure or type of clouds which will form as a result of air being forced to ascend?
The method by which the air is lifted.
The stability of the air before lifting occurs.
The relative humidity of the air after lifting occurs.
What are the characteristics of stable air?
Good visibility; steady precipitation; stratus clouds.
Poor visibility; steady precipitation; stratus clouds.
Poor visibility; intermittent precipitation; cumulus clouds.
Which would decrease the stability of an air mass?
Warming from below.
Cooling from below.
Decrease in water vapor.
From which measurement of the atmosphere can stability be determined?
Atmospheric pressure.
The ambient lapse rate.
The dry adiabatic lapse rate.
What type weather can one expect from moist, unstable air, and very warm surface temperatures?
Fog and low stratus clouds.
Continuous heavy precipitation.
Strong updrafts and cumulonimbus clouds.
Which would increase the stability of an air mass?
Warming from below.
Cooling from below.
Decrease in water vapor.
The conditions necessary for the formation of stratiform clouds are a lifting action and
unstable, dry air.
stable, moist air.
unstable, moist air.
Which cloud types would indicate convective turbulence?
Cirrus clouds.
Nimbostratus clouds.
Towering cumulus clouds.
The presence of standing lenticular altocumulus clouds is a good indication of
lenticular ice formation in calm air.
very strong turbulence.
heavy icing conditions.
The formation of either predominantly stratiform or predominantly cumuliform clouds is dependent upon the
source of lift.
stability of the air being lifted.
temperature of the air being lifted.
Which combination of weather-producing variables would likely result in cumuliform-type clouds, good visibility, and showery rain?
Stable, moist air and orographic lifting.
Unstable, moist air and orographic lifting.
Unstable, moist air and no lifting mechanism.
What is a characteristic of stable air?
Stratiform clouds.
Fair weather cumulus clouds.
Temperature decreases rapidly with altitude.
A moist, unstable air mass is characterized by
poor visibility and smooth air.
cumuliform clouds and showery precipitation.
stratiform clouds and continuous precipitation.
What are the characteristics of an unstable atmosphere?
A cool, dry air mass.
A warm, humid air mass.
Descending air in the northern hemisphere
When an air mass is stable, which of these conditions are most likely to exist?
Numerous towering cumulus and cumulonimbus clouds.
Moderate to severe turbulence at the lower levels.
Smoke, dust, haze, etc., concentrated at the lower levels with resulting poor visibility.
Which is a characteristic of stable air?
Cumuliform clouds.
Excellent visibility.
Restricted visibility.
Which is a characteristic typical of a stable air mass?
Cumuliform clouds.
Showery precipitation.
Continuous precipitation.
Which is true regarding a cold front occlusion? The air ahead of the warm front
is colder than the air behind the overtaking cold front.
is warmer than the air behind the overtaking cold front.
has the same temperature as the air behind the overtaking cold front.
Which are characteristics of a cold air mass moving over a warm surface?
Cumuliform clouds, turbulence, and poor visibility.
Cumuliform clouds, turbulence, and good visibility.
Stratiform clouds, smooth air, and poor visibility.
The conditions necessary for the formation of cumulonimbus clouds are a lifting action and
unstable, dry air.
stable, moist air.
unstable, moist air.
Fog produced by frontal activity is a result of saturation due to
nocturnal cooling.
adiabatic cooling.
evaporation of precipitation.
What is an important characteristic of wind shear?
It is present at only lower levels and exists in a horizontal direction.
It is present at any level and exists in only a vertical direction.
It can be present at any level and can exist in both a horizontal and vertical direction.
Hazardous wind shear is commonly encountered
near warm or stationary frontal activity.
when the wind velocity is stronger than 35 knots.
in areas of temperature inversion and near thunderstorms.
Low-level wind shear may occur when
surface winds are light and variable.
there is a low-level temperature inversion with strong winds above the inversion.
surface winds are above 15 knots and there is no change in wind direction and windspeed with height.
If a temperature inversion is encountered immediately after takeoff or during an approach to a landing, a potential hazard exists due to
wind shear.
strong surface winds.
strong convective currents.
GIVEN:
Winds at 3,000 feet AGL are 30 kts Surface winds Calm
While approaching for landing under clear skies a few hours after sunrise, one should
Winds at 3,000 feet AGL are 30 kts Surface winds Calm
While approaching for landing under clear skies a few hours after sunrise, one should
allow a margin of approach airspeed above normal to avoid stalling.
keep the approach airspeed at or slightly below normal to compensate for floating.
not alter our approach airspeed, these conditions are nearly ideal.
Convective currents are most active on warm summer afternoons when winds are
light.
moderate.
strong.
When flying low over hilly terrain, ridges, or mountain ranges, the greatest potential danger from turbulent air currents will usually be encountered on the
leeward side when flying with a tailwind.
leeward side when flying into the wind.
windward side when flying into the wind.
During an approach, the most important and most easily recognized means of being alerted to possible wind shear is monitoring the
amount of trim required to relieve control pressures.
heading changes necessary to remain on the runway centerline.
power and vertical velocity required to remain on the proper glidepath.
During departure, under conditions of suspected low-level wind shear, a sudden decrease in headwind will cause
a loss in airspeed equal to the decrease in wind velocity.
a gain in airspeed equal to the decrease in wind velocity.
no change in airspeed, but groundspeed will decrease.
Which situation would most likely result in freezing precipitation? Rain falling from air which has a temperature of
32 °F or less into air having a temperature of more than 32 °F.
0 °C or less into air having a temperature of 0 °C or more.
more than 32 °F into air having a temperature of 32 °F or less.
Which statement is true concerning the hazards of hail?
Hail damage in horizontal flight is minimal due to the vertical movement of hail in the clouds.
Rain at the surface is a reliable indication of no hail aloft.
Hailstones may be encountered in clear air several miles from a thunderstorm.
Hail is most likely to be associated with
cumulus clouds.
cumulonimbus clouds.
stratocumulus clouds.
The most severe weather conditions, such as destructive winds, heavy hail, and tornadoes, are generally associated with
slow-moving warm fronts which slope above the tropopause.
squall lines.
fast-moving occluded fronts.
Of the following, which is accurate regarding turbulence associated with thunderstorms?
Outside the cloud, shear turbulence can be encountered 50 miles laterally from a severe storm.
Shear turbulence is encountered only inside cumulonimbus clouds or within a 5-mile radius of them.
Outside the cloud, shear turbulence can be encountered 20 miles laterally from a severe storm.
If airborne radar is indicating an extremely intense thunderstorm echo, this thunderstorm should be avoided by a distance of at least
20 miles.
10 miles.
5 miles.
Which statement is true regarding squall lines?
They are always associated with cold fronts.
They are slow in forming, but rapid in movement.
They are nonfrontal and often contain severe, steady- state thunderstorms.
Which statement is true concerning squall lines?
They form slowly, but move rapidly.
They are associated with frontal systems only.
They offer the most intense weather hazards to aircraft.
Select the true statement pertaining to the life cycle of a thunderstorm.
Updrafts continue to develop throughout the dissipating stage of a thunderstorm.
The beginning of rain at the Earth's surface indicates the mature stage of the thunderstorm.
The beginning of rain at the Earth's surface indicates the dissipating stage of the thunderstorm.
What visible signs indicate extreme turbulence in thunderstorms?
Base of the clouds near the surface, heavy rain, and hail.
Low ceiling and visibility, hail, and precipitation static.
Cumulonimbus clouds, very frequent lightning, and roll clouds.
Which weather phenomenon signals the beginning of the mature stage of a thunderstorm?
The start of rain.
The appearance of an anvil top.
Growth rate of cloud is maximum.
What feature is normally associated with the cumulus stage of a thunderstorm?
Roll cloud.
Continuous updraft.
Beginning of rain at the surface.
During the life cycle of a thunderstorm, which stage is characterized predominantly by downdrafts?
Mature.
Developing.
Dissipating.
What minimum distance should exist between intense radar echoes before any attempt is made to fly between these thunderstorms?
20 miles.
30 miles.
40 miles.
You are avoiding thunderstorms that are in your flightpath. You are over 20 miles from the cell however, you are under the anvil of the cell. Is this a hazard?
No, you are at a safe distance from the cell.
Yes, hail can be discharged from the anvil.
Yes, this is still in the area of dissipation.
Which in-flight hazard is most commonly associated with warm fronts?
Advection fog.
Radiation fog.
Precipitation-induced fog.
Which is true regarding the use of airborne weather- avoidance radar for the recognition of certain weather conditions?
The radarscope provides no assurance of avoiding instrument weather conditions.
The avoidance of hail is assured when flying between and just clear of the most intense echoes.
The clear area between intense echoes indicates that visual sighting of storms can be maintained when flying between the echoes.
A situation most conducive to the formation of advection fog is
a light breeze moving colder air over a water surface.
an air mass moving inland from the coastline during the winter.
a warm, moist air mass settling over a cool surface under no-wind conditions.
Advection fog has drifted over a coastal airport during the day. What may tend to dissipate or lift this fog into low stratus clouds?
Nighttime cooling.
Surface radiation.
Wind 15 knots or stronger.
What lifts advection fog into low stratus clouds, possibly improving ground visibility?
Nighttime cooling.
Dryness of the underlying land mass.
Surface winds of approximately 15 knots or stronger.
In what ways do advection fog, radiation fog, and steam fog differ in their formation or location?
Radiation fog is restricted to land areas; advection fog is most common along coastal areas; steam fog forms over a water surface.
Advection fog deepens as windspeed increases up to 20 knots; steam fog requires calm or very light wind; radiation fog forms when the ground or water cools the air by radiation.
Steam fog forms from moist air moving over a colder surface; advection fog requires cold air over a warmer surface; radiation fog is produced by radiational cooling of the ground.
With respect to advection fog, which statement is true?
It is slow to develop, and dissipates quite rapidly.
It forms almost exclusively at night or near daybreak.
It can appear suddenly during day or night, and it is more persistent than radiation fog.
Which feature is associated with the tropopause?
Constant height above the Earth.
Abrupt change in temperature lapse rate.
Absolute upper limit of cloud formation.
A common location of clear air turbulence is
in an upper trough on the polar side of a jet stream.
near a ridge aloft on the equatorial side of a high-pressure flow.
south of an east/west oriented high-pressure ridge in its dissipating stage.
The jet stream and associated clear air turbulence can sometimes be visually identified in flight by
dust or haze at flight level.
long streaks of cirrus clouds.
a constant outside air temperature.
During the winter months in the middle latitudes, the jet stream shifts toward the
north and speed decreases.
south and speed increases.
north and speed increases.
The strength and location of the jet stream is normally
weaker and farther north in the summer.
stronger and farther north in the winter.
stronger and farther north in the summer.
What wind conditions would you anticipate when squalls are reported at your destination?
Rapid variations in windspeed of 15 knots or more between peaks and lulls.
Peak gusts of at least 35 knots combined with a change in wind direction of 30° or more.
Sudden increases in windspeed of at least 16 knots to a sustained speed of 22 knots or more for at least 1 minute.
The difference found by subtracting the temperature of a parcel of air theoretically lifted from the surface to 500 millibars and the existing temperature at 500 millibars is called the
lifted index.
negative index
positive index.
A pilot reporting turbulence that momentarily causes slight, erratic changes in altitude and/or attitude should report it as
light chop.
light turbulence.
moderate turbulence.
When turbulence causes changes in altitude and/or attitude, but aircraft control remains positive, that should be reported as
light.
severe.
moderate.
Turbulence that is encountered above 15,000 feet AGL not associated with cumuliform cloudiness, including thunderstorms, should be reported as
severe turbulence.
clear air turbulence.
convective turbulence.
Which type of jetstream can be expected to cause the greater turbulence?
A straight jetstream associated with a low-pressure trough.
A curving jetstream associated with a deep low- pressure trough.
A jetstream occurring during the summer at the lower latitudes.
A strong wind shear can be expected
in the jetstream front above a core having a speed of 60 to 90 knots.
if the 5 °C isotherms are spaced between 7° to 10° of latitude.
on the low-pressure side of a jetstream core where the speed at the core is stronger than 110 knots.
The Low-level wind shear Alert System (LLWAS) provides wind data and software process to detect the presence of a:
rotating column of air extending from a cumulonimbus cloud.
change in wind direction and/or speed within a very short distance above the airport.
downward motion of the air associated with continuous winds blowing with an easterly component due to the rotation of the Earth.
One of the most dangerous features of mountain waves is the turbulent areas in and
below rotor clouds.
above rotor clouds.
below lenticular clouds.
A pilot is entering an area where significant clear air turbulence has been reported. Which action is appropriate upon encountering the first ripple?
Maintain altitude and airspeed.
Adjust airspeed to that recommended for rough air.
Enter a shallow climb or descent at maneuvering speed.
Which is the best technique for minimizing the wing-load factor when flying in severe turbulence?
Change power settings, as necessary, to maintain constant airspeed.
Control airspeed with power, maintain wings level, and accept variations of altitude.
Set power and trim to obtain an airspeed at or below maneuvering speed, maintain wings level, and accept variations of airspeed and altitude.
As air temperature increases, density altitude will
decrease.
increase.
remain the same.
There is a high pressure system that is located south of your planned route in the Northern Hemisphere on a west-to-east cross-country flight. To take advantage of favorable winds, you would plan your route
on the north side of the high pressure area.
on the south side of the high pressure area.
through the middle of the high pressure area.
Refer to the excerpt from the following METAR report: KTUS 08004KT 4SM HZ 26/04 A2995 RMK RAE36.
At approximately what altitude AGL should bases of convective-type cumuliform clouds be expected?
4,400 feet.
8,800 feet.
17,600 feet.
During preflight preparation, weather report forecasts can best be obtained by means of contacting the
weather forecast office (WFO)
pilot’s automatic telephone answering service.
air route traffic control center.
The most current en route and destination weather information for an instrument flight should be obtained from
Flight service.
ATIS broadcast.
NOTAM’s.
The Hazardous In-flight Weather Advisory Service (HIWAS) is a broadcast service over selected VORs that provides:
SIGMETs and AIRMET at 15 minutes and 45 minutes past the hour for the first hour after issuance.
continuous broadcast of in-flight weather advisories.
SIGMETs, CONVECTIVE SIGMETs and AIRMETs at 15 minutes and 45 minutes past the hour.
The Telephone Information Briefing Service (TIBS) provided by AFSSs includes
weather information service on a common frequency (122.0 mHz).
recorded weather briefing service for the local area, usually within 50 miles and route forecasts.
continuous recording of meteorological and/or aeronautical information available by telephone.
The remarks section of the Aviation Routine Weather Report (METAR) contains the following coded information. What does it mean?
RMK FZDZB42 WSHFT 2230 FROPA
Freezing drizzle with cloud bases below 4,200 feet.
Freezing drizzle below 4,200 feet and wind shear.
Wind shift at 2230Z due to frontal passage.
What is meant by the Special METAR weather observation for KBOI?
SPECI KBOI 091854Z 32005KT 1 1/2SM RA BR OVC007 17/16 A2990 RMK RAB12
Rain and fog obscuring two-tenths of the sky; rain began at 1912Z.
Rain and mist obstructing visibility; rain began at 1812Z.
Rain and overcast at 1200 feet AGL.
The station originating the following METAR observation has a field elevation of 3,500 feet MSL. If the sky cover is one continuous layer, what is the thickness of the cloud layer? (Top of overcast reported at 7,500 feet MSL).
METAR KHOB 151250Z 17006KT 4SM OVC005 13/11 A2998
2,500 feet
3 ,500 feet.
4,000 feet.
What significant cloud coverage is reported by this pilot report?
KMOB UA/OV 15NW MOB 1340Z/SK OVC 025/045 OVCO9O
Three (3) separate overcast layers exist with bases at 250. 7,500 and 9,000 feet.
The top of the lower overcast is 2,500 feet. base and the top of second overcast layer is 4,500 and 9,000 feet, respectively.
The base of the second overcast layer is 2.500 feet; top of second overcast layer is 7,500 feet: base of third layer is 9,000 feet
To best determine observed weather conditions between weather reporting stations, the pilot should refer to
pilot reports.
Area Forecasts.
prognostic charts.
What does the contraction VRB in the Terminal Aerodrome Forecast (TAF) mean?
Wind speed is variable throughout the period.
Cloud base is variable.
Wind direction is variable.
Which statement pertaining to the following Terminal Aerodrome Forecast (TAF) is true?
KMEM 091135Z 0915 15005KT 5SM HZ BKN060 FM1600 VRB04KT P6SM SKC
WND in the valid period implies surface winds are forecast to be greater than 5 KTS
wind direction is from 160° at 4 KTS and reported visibility is 6 status miles.
SKC in the valid period indicates no significant weather and sky clear.
In the following METAR/TAF for HOU, what is the ceiling and visibility forecast on the 7th day of the month at 0600Z?
KHOU 061734Z 0618/0718 16014G22KT P6SM VCSH BKN018 BKN035 FM070100 17010KT P6SM BKN015 OVC025 FM070500 17008KT 4SM BR SCT008 OVC012 FM071000 18005KT 3SM BR OVC007
FM071500 23008KT 5SM BR VCSH SCT008 OVC015
Visibility 6 miles with a broken ceiling at 15,000 feet MSL.
4 nautical miles of visibility and an overcast ceiling at 700 feet MSL.
4 statute miles visibility and an overcast ceiling at 1,200 feet AGL.
Terminal Aerodrome Forecasts (TAF) are issued how many times a day and cover what period of time?
Four times daily and are usually valid for a 24 hour period.
Six times daily and are usually valid for a 24 hour period including a 4-hour categorical outlook.
Four times daily and are valid for 12 hours including a 6-hour categorical outlook.
To best determine general forecast weather conditions covering a flight information region, the pilot should refer to
Graphical Forecasts for Aviation (GFA).
Weather Depiction Charts.
Satellite Maps.
Aviation Area Forecasts (FAs) for the contiguous U.S. are used in conjunction with inflight aviation weather advisories to interpolate
temperatures and winds aloft.
conditions at airports for which no TAFs are issued.
radar precipitation and intensity levels.
In-flight Aviation Weather Advisories include what type of information?
Forecasts for potentially hazardous flying conditions for en route aircraft.
State and geographic areas with reported ceilings and visibility’s below VFR minimums.
IFR conditions, turbulence, and icing within a valid period for the listed states.
What type of Inflight Weather Advisories provides an en route pilot with information regarding the possibility of moderate icing, moderate turbulence, winds of 30 knots or more at the surface and extensive mountain obscurement?
Convective SIGMETs and SIGMETs.
Severe Weather Forecast Alerts (AWW) and SIGMETs.
AIRMETs and Center Weather Advisories (CWA).
What single reference contains information regarding expected a volcanic eruption, that is occurring or expected to occur?
In-Flight Weather Advisories.
Terminal Area Forecasts (TAF).
Weather Depiction Chart.
The National Aviation Weather Center prepares FA’s for the contiguous U.S.
twice each day.
three times a day.
every 6 hours unless significant changes in weather require it more often.
SIGMET's are issued as a warning of weather conditions which are hazardous
to all aircraft.
particularly to heavy aircraft.
particularly to light airplanes.
Which correctly describes the purpose of Convective SIGMET's (WST)?
They consist of an hourly observation of tornadoes, significant thunderstorm activity, and large hailstone activity.
They contain both an observation and a forecast of all thunderstorm and hailstone activity. The forecast is valid for 1 hour only.
They consist of either an observation and a forecast or just a forecast for tornadoes, significant thunderstorm activity, or hail greater than or equal to 3/4 inch in diameter.
What values are used for Winds Aloft Forecasts?
True direction and MPH.
True direction and knots.
Magnetic direction and knots.
On a Surface Analysis Chart, the solid lines that depict sea level pressure patterns are called
isobars.
isogons.
millibars.
Dashed lines on a Surface Analysis Chart, if depicted, indicate that the pressure gradient is
weak.
strong.
unstable.
Which chart provides a ready means of locating observed frontal positions and pressure centers?
Surface Analysis Chart.
Constant Pressure Analysis Chart.
Weather Depiction Chart.
On a Surface Analysis Chart, close spacing of the isobars indicates
weak pressure gradient.
strong pressure gradient.
strong temperature gradient.
The Surface Analysis Chart depicts
frontal locations and expected movement, pressure centers, cloud coverage, and obstructions to vision at, the time of chart transmission.
actual frontal positions, pressure patterns, temperature, dewpoint, wind, weather, and obstructions to vision at the valid time of the chart.
actual pressure distribution, frontal systems, cloud heights and coverage, temperature, dewpoint, and wind at the time shown on the chart.
Which provides a graphic display of both VFR and IFR weather?
Surface Weather Map.
Radar Summary Chart.
Weather Depiction Chart.
When total sky cover is few or scattered, the height shown on the Weather Depiction Chart is the
top of the lowest layer.
base of the lowest layer.
base of the highest layer.
What information is provided by the Radar Summary Chart that is not shown on other weather charts?
Lines and cells of hazardous thunderstorms.
Ceilings and precipitation between reporting stations.
Areas of cloud cover and icing levels within the clouds.
Which weather chart depicts conditions forecast to exist at a specific time in the future?
Freezing Level Chart.
Weather Depiction Chart.
12-Hour Significant Weather Prognostication Chart.
What weather phenomenon is implied within an area enclosed by small scalloped lines on the U.S. High-Level Significant Weather Prognostic Chart?
Cirriform clouds, light to moderate turbulence, and icing.
Cumulonimbus clouds, icing, and moderate or greater turbulence.
Cumuliform or standing lenticular clouds, moderate to severe turbulence, and icing.
The U.S. High-Level Significant Weather Prognostic Chart forecasts significant weather for what airspace?
18,000 feet to 45,000 feet.
24,000 feet to 45,000 feet.
24,000 feet to 63,000 feet.
What is the upper limit of the Low Level Significant Weather Prognostic Chart?
30,000 feet.
24,000 feet.
18,000 feet.
Hatching on a Constant Pressure Analysis Chart indicates
hurricane eye.
windspeed 70 knots to 110 knots.
windspeed 110 knots to 150 knots.
What flight planning information can a pilot derive from Constant Pressure Analysis Charts?
Winds and temperatures aloft.
Clear air turbulence and icing conditions.
Frontal systems and obstructions to vision aloft.
From which of the following can the observed temperature, wind, and temperature/dewpoint spread be determined at a specified altitude?
Stability Charts.
Winds Aloft Forecasts.
Constant Pressure Analysis Charts.
The minimum vertical wind shear value critical for probable moderate or greater turbulence is
4 knots per 1,000 feet.
6 knots per 1,000 feet.
8 knots per 1,000 feet.
Weather Advisory Broadcasts, including Severe Weather Forecast Alerts (AWW), Convective SIGMETs, and SIGMETs, are provided by
ARTCCs on all frequencies, except emergency, when any part of the area described is within 150 miles of the airspace under their jurisdiction.
AFSSs on 122.2 MHz and adjacent VORs, when any part of the area described is within 200 miles of the airspace under their jurisdiction.
selected low-frequency and/or VOR navigational aids.
What is the thickness of the cloud layer given a field elevation of 1,500 feet MSL with tops of the overcast at 7,000 feet MSL?
METAR KHOB 151250Z 17006KT 4SM OVC010 13/11 A2998
4,500 feet.
6,500 feet.
5,500 feet.
What is the bottom of the lowest overcast layer in the following pilot report?
KMOB UA /OV APE230010/TM 1515/FL085/TP BE20/ SK BKN065/WX FV03SM HZ FU/TQ 20/TB LGT
There is not a defined ceiling in this report.
There is a layer reported at 8,500 feet.
There is a broken layer at 6,500 feet.
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