Respiratory system
Understand Your Respiratory System
Test your knowledge of the respiratory system with this comprehensive quiz designed for students, educators, and health enthusiasts! The quiz covers various aspects of respiratory anatomy, physiology, and cellular components, ensuring a thorough understanding of this vital body system.
Features of the quiz include:
- 30 detailed questions
- Multiple-choice format for engaged learning
- Focus on essential respiratory biology
Which answer/s regarding type 2 pneumocyte is/are true?
produces surfactant
Has many organelles
is called alveolar type 2 cell
its typical feature are lamellar bodies
Which answer/s regarding alveoli is/are true?
type 1 pneumocytes make up 97% of the alveolar surface
type 1 pneumocytes of epithelium produce surfactant
are seperated by interalveolar septa
are lined with squamous epithelium
type 2 pneumocytes of epithelium produce surfactant
Which answer/s regarding trachea is/are true?
its wall consists of mucosa, submucosa, adventitia
mucosa consists of epithelium and lamina propria
tracheal cartilages are elastic type
lamina propria of mucosa is rich in mucous glands(seromucous glands)
Does respiratory portion of respiratory system include? (single choice)
main (primary) bronchi
respiratory bronchioles
nasal cavity
respiratory epithelium
Which answer/s regarding nasal cavities is/are true?
internal portion is called nasal fossae
external portion is called vestibule
superior conchae is covered by olfactory epithelium
nasal fossae communicates with paranasal sinuses
What is included in the interalveolar septa?
dust cells
fibrocytes
elastic cartilage
Elastic fibers
sinusoidal capillaries
Fibroblast
Contains a rich capillary network
Are clara cells/club cells?
cells that belong to typical ions-pumping cells
cells that apically posses cilia
Unciliated & contain apically secretory granules
cuboidal in shape
present in respiratory bronchioles
Protect against oxidative pollutants
Type II pneumocyte:
Has many organelles.
Is called also alveolar type II cell.
Forms blood-air barrier.
Its typical feature are lamellar bodies.
Protect against oxidative pollutants
Phagocyte lamellar bodies taken from alveolar lumen
Type II pneumocyte:
In result of exocytosis of lamellar bodies, the components of surfactant cover the alveoli’ lumen
Produces surfactant
Exhibit mitotic activity
Creates almost whole wall of alveolus
Possesses in cytoplasm opening called pores of Kohn
Respiratory system, find true:
Respiration (gas exchange) occurs in trachea.
Pulmonary surfactant lowers alveolar surface tension.
Includes system of tubes that links the site of gas exchanging with external environment.
Respiration (gas exchange) occurs mainly in alveoli
Includes paired lung.
Clara cells are main type of primary bronchi epithelium
Air conduction, air filtration and gas exchange are main functions of the system
Alveolar macrophages are also called histiocytes
Alveolar macrophages are also called dust cells
Respiratory epithelium contains ciliated cells
Nasal cavity is part of respiratory portion
Respiratory portion of respiratory system includes:
Nasal cavity
Terminal bronchioles
Alveolar ducts
Respiratory bronchioles
Alveoli
Respiratory epithelium
Oral cavity
Olfactory epithelium
Alveoli:
Type I pneumocytes are extremely attenuated cells
Type I pneumocytes make up 3% of the alveolar surface
Are lined with squamous epithelium – (type 1 and 2 alveolar cells only)
Are the site of gas exchange
Epithelium has type I and type II pneumocytes
Surfactant and pneumocytes type I cytoplasm are part of blood-gas barrier
Type I pneumocytes contain lamellar bodies
Type 2 pneumocytes contain lamellar bodies
Type I pneumocytes produce surfactant
Type 2 pneumocytes produce surfactant
Nasal cavities – pick up truth:
External portion is called vestibule
Nasal fossae communicate with paranasal sinuses
Within vestibule, the air undergo turbulence
External portion is located within the skull
Covering mucus acts as trap for unneeded particulate
Superior conchae is covered by olfactory epithelium
Mucosa of vestibule contains vibrissae
Respiratory epithelium:
There are no stem cells in the epithelium
Basal cells lie on the basal lamina
Can be found in trachea
Basal cells undergo mitosis and differentiate into another epithelial cell type
Lines superior conchae
Is present in conducting portion of respiratory system
Consists of ciliated cells
Can be found in alveoli
Respiratory epithelium:
Clara cells constitute the most abundant type
Ciliated columnar cells undergo mitosis frequently
Brush cells have numerous microvilli on the apical surface
Ciliated columnar cells constitute the most abundant type
Small granule cells are stem cells
Goblet cells are also present in the epithelium
Has not got any basement membrane
Respiratory epithelium:
Contains mainly alveolar cells
Changes its height during subsequent branching of the bronchial tree
Columnar cells with microvilli are called enterocytes or absorptive cells
Ciliated columnar cells are the most abundant type
Contains nerve cells
Is present in lower vestibule
Has not got endocrine cells
In the bronchi is covered by mucous
Is pseudostratified columnar
Conducting portion of respiratory system includes:
Respiratory bronchioles
Nasal cavities
Alveoli
Nasopharynx
Oral cavity
Olfactory epithelium
Respiratory epithelium
Interalveolar septa contains:
Leucocytes
Macrophages
Plenty of very thick collagen bundles
Fibrocytes
Dense network of capillaries
Reticular fibers
Sinusoidal capillaries
Fibroblast
Elastic fibers
Capillaries
Elastic cartilage
Ventilation process is because of:
Presence of elastic fibers in stroma of the lungs
Contraction of diaphragm
Contraction of intercostal muscle cells
Movement of cilia of respiratory epithelium
Presence of hyaline cartilage plates in bronchi
Different pressure of oxygen and carbon dioxide in air passages and external environment
Air movements from high to low pressure
Clara cells/club cells:
Are the stem cells for odoriferous epithelial cells
Produce many proteins with enzymatic activity
Are present in respiratory bronchioles
Detoxifies potentially harmful compounds of air
Are cuboidal in shape
Are called bronchiolar exocrine cells
Trachea:
The adventitia lies peripheral to the cartilage rings
Its wall consists of mucosa, submucosa, adventitia
Tracheal cartilages are C-shaped
Is lined with simple cuboidal epithelium
Lamina propria of mucosa is rich in mucous glands
Mucosa consists of epithelium and lamina propria
Trachea:
The open ends of cartilage rings are located on its posterior part
The adventitia is inner layer of trachea
Lamina propria contains elements of MALT (larynx)
Its lumen stays open because of arrangement of cartilaginous rings
Tracheal cartilages are elastic type
Connective tissue is connected with perichondrium of cartilages
Tracheal cartilages are hyaline cartilages
Bronchus:
The goblet cells are the only one glandular cells type of their wall
The largest one histologically is very similar to trachea
Contains in epithelium Clara cells
In the wall contains glands
Its lumen is covered by surface-active agent or surfactant
Segmental are in number: 10 in right, 8 in left
Instead cartilage plates posses plenty of muscle cells
Segmental bronchi arise from terminal bronchioles
Which of following cells can be found in the epithelium of trachea:
Type I alveolar cells.
Olfactory cells.
Goblet cells.
Type II alveolar cells.
Ciliated cells. (Respiratory epi)
Ciliated pseudostratified columnar cells
Which sentences related to surfactant are correct:
Surfactant is protein phospholipid complex providing alveolar cording.
The type II alveolar cells secrete surfactant.
Surfactant increases surface tension of alveolar cells.
Surfactant lower surface tension of alveolar cells.
The production under release of the surfactant begins in the first week after birth.
Surfactant layer is constantly being turned over.
Which sentences related to surfactant are correct:
Is a specific pigment of olfactory epithelium
The production under release of the surfactant begins in the last weeks of gastation
Lower alveolar surface tension
Is a component of blood-air barrier
Is a mixture of phospholipids, proteins and GAGs
Its lack results in collapse of alveoli during expiration
In which structures of respiratory passages can you find stratified squamous epithelium?
Vestibule of nasal cavity
Nasal fossae -(olfactory and respiratory)
Vocal cords
Oropharynx (posterior)
Larynx (&resp)
Trachea
Bronchi
Alveoli:
Are the site of gas exchange
Alveolar epithelium is mainly composed of type I and II alveolar cells (pneumocytes)
Type I pneumocytes produce surfactant
Type II pneumocytes participate in air-blood barrier
In their lumen, alveolar macrophages are present
Possess irregular plate of cartilage in its wall
Is lined with simple squamous epithelium
The cytoplasm of type I pneumocytes is very thin
Is supplied by rich capillary network
Type II pneumocytes produce surfactant
Type I pneumocytes participate in air-blood barrier
Bronchus
Possess diameter higher than 1 mm
Segmental are in number: 10 in right - 8 in left
Its lumen is covered by surface-active agent or surfactant - alveoli
The largest one is similar to trachea, histologically
Olfactory epithelium:
Is type of pseudostratified epithelium
Olfactory receptor cells are bipolar neurons
Contains goblet cells (resp)
Contains pneumocytes type I
Its cells can be regenerated by basal cells
Its lamina propria does not contain glands
Axons of bipolar cells synapse with neurons of the brain in olfactory lobe
No supporting cells in epithelium
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