B2 p 861 to 890 ( 79 Questions)

81) A 60-year-old woman with a history of diabetes is brought into the ED by EMS workers who state that the patient was found on a bus in a lethargic and diaphoretic condition. Her fingerstick glucose level at the scene was 35 mg/dL. EMS workers quickly administered dextrose through an IV line. The patient became alert and responsive, stating that she just took her normal medication. Her blood sugar went up to 110 mg/dL and she remained this way throughout her trip to the ED. However, in the ED you notice that the patient is again diaphoretic and is mumbling her speech. Her fingerstick glucose is now 47 mg/dL. You administer dextrose and she perks right up. Which of the following diabetes medications commonly causes hypoglycemia for which the patient is likely to require hospital admission?
Regular insulin
Metformin
Glyburide
Sitagliptin
Acarbose
82) A 23-year-old woman presents to the ED complaining of abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting. She has a history of depression but is not currently taking any antidepressant medications. Upon further questioning, the patient states that she ingested a bottle of pills in her medicine cabinet approximately 3 hours ago. Her BP is 115/65 mmHg, HR is 101 beats per minute, temperature is 100.1°F, RR is 29 breaths per minute, and oxygen saturation is 100% on room air. Physical examination is unremarkable except for mild diffuse abdominal tenderness. Laboratory results reveal a white blood cell (WBC) count of 10,300/μL, hematocrit 46%, platelets 275/μL, aspartate transaminase (AST) 70 U/L, alanine transaminase (ALT) 85 U/L, alkaline phosphatase 75 U/L, sodium 143 mEq/L, potassium 3.7 mEq/L, chloride 98 mEq/L, bicarbonate 8 mEq/L, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) 22 mg/dL, creatinine 0.9 mg/dL, and glucose 85 mg/dL. Arterial blood gas values on room air are pH 7.51, PCO2 11 mm Hg, and PO2 134 mm Hg. Which of the following substances did this patient most likely ingest?
Diphenhydramine
Ibuprofen
Acetaminophen
Aspirin
Pseudoephedrine
83) A 35-year-old agitated man presents to the ED in police custody. He denies any past medical history and takes no medication. He admits to using some drugs today. His BP is 195/90 mmHg, HR is 121 beats per minute, temperature is 100.1°F, RR is 18 breaths per minute, and oxygen saturation is 99% on room air. On examination, he is diaphoretic, and has pupils that are 8 mm in diameter, along with 3+ patella reflexes bilaterally. Electrocardiogram (ECG) reveals sinus tachycardia with a rate of 123. Which of the following toxic syndromes is this patient exhibiting?
Anticholinergic
Cholinergic
Sympathomimetic
Opioid
Sedative hypnotic
84) An undomiciled 49-year-old man presents to the ED with altered mental status. His BP is 149/75 mmHg, HR is 93 beats per minute, temperature is 97.5°F, RR is 18 breaths per minute, and O2 saturation is 99% on room air. Physical examination reveals an unkempt man with the odor of “alcohol” on his breath. His head is atraumatic and pupils are 4 mm, equal, and reactive. The neck is supple. Cardiovascular, pulmonary, and abdominal examinations are unremarkable. There is no extremity edema and his pulses are 2+ and symmetric. Neurologically, he withdraws all four extremities to deep stimuli. ECG is sinus rhythm. Laboratory results reveal: Sodium 141 mEq/L, Potassium 3.5 mEq/L, Chloride 101 mEq/L, Bicarbonate 14 mEq/L, BUN 15 mg/dL, Creatinine 0.7 mg/dL, Glucose 89 mg/dL, Arterial blood pH 7.26, Lactate 1.7 mEq/L, Ethanol level undetectable, Measured serum osmolarity 352 mOsm/L, Calculated serum osmolarity 292 mOsm/kg. Urinalysis: no blood, ketones, or protein. Which of the following statements best describes the laboratory findings?
Anion gap metabolic acidosis and osmol gap
Anion gap metabolic acidosis without osmol gap
Nonanion gap metabolic acidosis and osmol gap
Nonanion gap metabolic acidosis without osmol gap
Metabolic alkalosis with secondary acidosis
85) A 26-year-old woman with a history of depression is brought into the ED. She was found lying on the floor of her apartment next to an unlabeled empty pill bottle. Her HR is 117 beats per minute, BP is 95/65 mmHg, RR is 14 breaths per minute, and oxygen saturation is 97% on 2-L nasal cannula. On examination, the patient appears obtunded, and her pupils are 3 mm and reactive. Her oropharynx is dry and there is no gag reflex to pharyngeal stimulation. Her neck is supple. The heart is tachycardic without murmurs, the lungs are clear to auscultation, and the abdomen is soft. There is normal rectal tone and brown stool that is heme negative. Her skin is cool and moist with no signs of needle tracks. Neurologically, she is unresponsive but withdraws all extremities to deep palpation. Fingerstick blood glucose is 85 mg/dL. Her ECG reveals sinus tachycardia at 119 with a QRS complex of 140 milliseconds and a terminal R wave in lead aVR. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in management?
Orotracheal intubation, administer activated charcoal through orogastric tube, and IV naloxone
Orotracheal intubation, administer activated charcoal through orogastric tube, and IV sodium bicarbonate
Orotracheal intubation, administer activated charcoal through orogastric tube, and IV NAC
Orotracheal intubation, administer syrup of ipecac through orogastric tube, and IV sodium bicarbonate
Induce vomiting prior to intubation to lower the risk of aspiration then administer IV sodium bicarbonate
86) A 37-year-old woman is brought into the ED by her friend who states that the patient swallowed approximately 50 capsules of 325-mg acetaminophen (APAP) 6 hours ago in an attempted suicide. The patient states she feels nauseated and vomits while you take her history. Her BP is 100/75 mmHg, HR is 97 beats per minute, temperature is 98.9°F, RR is 18 breaths per minute, and oxygen saturation is 99% on room air. Examination is unremarkable except for mild epigastric tenderness. Which of the following is the correct antidote for APAP overdose? .
NAC
Physostigmine
Flumazenil
Naloxone
Digibind
87) A 31-year-old man is brought to the ED by EMS who state that the man was found lying on the floor of his garage. He is rousable in the ED, speaks with slurred speech, and vomits. His BP is 140/85 mmHg, HR is 94 beats per minute, temperature is 98.8°F, RR is 17 breaths per minute, and oxygen saturation is 99% on room air. You place an IV line, draw blood, and start a liter of normal saline running through the line. Laboratory results reveal serum sodium 139 mEq/L, potassium 3.5 mEq/L, chloride 101 mEq/L, bicarbonate 14 mEq/L, BUN 15 mg/dL, creatinine 1 mg/dL, glucose 105 mg/dL, arterial blood pH 7.27, COHb 4%, and lactate 2.8 mEq/L. Urinalysis shows 1+ protein, trace ketones, WBC 4/hpf (high-power field), red blood cell (RBC) 2 to 3/hpf, and multiple envelope-shaped and needle shaped crystals. Which of the following conditions would best explain his metabolic acidosis?
Ibuprofen toxicity
Ethylene glycol poisoning
Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)
Lactic acidosis
Isopropyl alcohol poisoning
88) A 35-year-old man who is employed as a forklift operator was found sitting outside a warehouse. He came stumbling out complaining of dizziness and headaches. Co-workers in an adjoining warehouse also complained of headache and nausea. After collapsing outside, he regained consciousness immediately but appeared confused. In the ED, his BP is 100/54 mmHg, HR is 103 beats per minute, temperature is 100°F, pulse ox is 91% on room air, and RR is 23 breaths per minute. Physical examination is unremarkable. Laboratory results reveal WBC 10,500/μL, hematocrit 45%, platelets 110/μL, sodium 137 mEq/L, potassium 4 mEq/L, chloride 103 mEq/L, bicarbonate 21 mEq/L, BUN 8 mg/dL, creatinine 0.5 mg/dL, and glucose 89 mg/dL. Arterial blood gas results are pH 7.32, PCO2 32 mm Hg, and PO2 124 mm Hg. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
Methemoglobinemia
Hypoglycemic syncope
Hydrocarbon poisoning
Opioid overdose
CO poisoning
89) A 51-year-old man presents to the ED complaining of nausea and abdominal pain after drinking some “bitter stuff.” He is considered one of the “regulars” who is usually at triage with ethanol intoxication. His temperature is 97.9°F, BP is 130/65 mmHg, HR is 90 beats per minute, RR is 16 breaths per minute, and oxygen saturation is 97% on room air. Physical examination is unremarkable, except for slurred speech and the smell of acetone on the patient’s breath. Laboratory results reveal serum sodium 138 mEq/L, potassium 3.5 mEq/L, chloride 105 mEq/L, bicarbonate 23 mEq/L, BUN 10 mg/dL, creatinine 2.1 mg/dL, glucose 85 mg/dL, arterial blood pH 7.37, and lactate 1.4 mEq/L. Urinalysis shows moderate ketones. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
DKA
Ethanol intoxication
Methanol intoxication
Isopropyl alcohol intoxication
Ethylene glycol intoxication
90) A 55-year-old man presents to the ED 6 hours after ingesting two bottles of his baby aspirin. He complains of nausea, vomiting, dizziness, and tinnitus. His temperature is 100.3°F, BP is 140/80 mmHg, HR is 105 beats per minute, RR is 31 breaths per minute, and oxygen saturation is 99% on room air. Arterial blood gas on room air reveals a pH of 7.52, PCO2 10 mmHg, and PO2 129 mmHg. The blood salicylate level returns at 45 mg/dL. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in management?
Administer activated charcoal, begin IV hydration, and administer sodium bicarbonate
Administer activated charcoal, begin IV hydration, and intubate the patient for respiratory failure
Administer activated charcoal, begin IV hydration, and administer NAC
Arrange for immediate hemodialysis
Gastric lavage, IV hydration, and repeat levels before beginning therapy
91) A 40-year-old man with a known history of ethanol abuse states that 2 hours ago he ingested two bottles of extra strength Tylenol. The patient has no medical complaints except for some nausea. At 4 hours post ingestion, you send blood to the laboratory to measure the serum acetaminophen concentration. The level returns and falls above the treatment line when you plot it on the APAP nomogram. You administer activated charcoal and decide to start IV NAC. Which of the following is a known adverse effect of IV NAC administration?
Hepatic failure
Anaphylactoid reaction
Hypertensive crisis
Confusion
Change in urine color
92) A 19-year-old woman presents to the ED with abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and hematemesis after ingesting an unknown substance in a suicide attempt. Which of the following antidotes are correctly paired?
Organophosphate—Physostigmine
Iron overdose—Deferoxamine
Aspirin overdose—NAC
Acetaminophen overdose—Naloxone
Anticholinergic overdose—Fomepizole
93) A 34-year-old woman presents to the ED after ingesting an unknown quantity of her antidepressant pills. EMS workers found an empty bottle of amitriptyline on her apartment floor. She is awake but appears delirious. Her BP is 130/65 mmHg, HR is 101 beats per minute, temperature is 99.1°F, RR is 16 breaths per minute, and oxygen saturation is 100% on room air. On examination, her pupils are 7 mm and reactive. Her face is flushed and mucous membranes are dry. Her lungs are clear and heart is without murmurs. The abdomen is soft, nontender, and with decreased bowel sounds. She is moving all four extremities. ECG reveals sinus rhythm at a rate of 99 and QRS just under 100 milliseconds. In a TCA overdose, which of the following is responsible for her mydriasis, dry mucous membranes, and delirium?
Sodium channel blockade
Muscarinic receptor blockade
Inhibition of serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake
Histamine receptor blockade
α-Receptor blockade
94) An asymptomatic young adult was brought to the ED by a police officer after his home was raided. The patient swallowed five small packets of an unknown substance before being arrested. His BP is 125/75 mmHg, HR is 85 beats per minute, temperature is 98.7°F, and RR is 16 breaths per minute. Physical examination is unremarkable. An abdominal radiograph confirms intraluminal small bowel densities. Which of the following is the most appropriate treatment?
Magnesium citrate
Gastric lavage
Activated charcoal and polyethylene glycol
Syrup of ipecac
NAC
95) A 33-year-old woman presents to the ED with a painful sprained ankle. She has a past medical history of depression for which she is taking phenelzine, a monoamine oxidase inhibitor. After you place an elastic wrap on her ankle, she asks you to prescribe her some pain medication. Which of the following medications is contraindicated in patients taking a monoamine oxidase inhibitor?
Ibuprofen
Acetaminophen
Meperidine
Oxycodone
Hydrocodone
96) A 27-year-old woman presents to the ED 6 hours after the onset of body aches, abdominal cramping, and diarrhea. She is currently visiting relatives and normally lives in another state. She regularly takes six to eight tablets daily of hydrocodone for chronic low-back pain, sumatriptan for migraines, and amitriptyline and paroxetine for bulimia nervosa. Her BP is 130/80 mmHg, HR is 100 beats per minute, temperature is 98.6°F, RR is 16 breaths per minute, and oxygen saturation is 99% on room air. Examination shows diaphoresis, dilated pupils, and piloerection. Neurologically she is moving all four extremities and you do not note tremors. She is alert and cooperative but seems restless. She denies hallucinations or suicidal ideations. She becomes very angry when you ask her for the phone numbers of her regular physicians. Which of the following is the most likely explanation of her symptoms?
Anticholinergic overdose
TCA intoxication
Ethanol withdrawal
Serotonin syndrome
Opiate withdrawal
97) A 58-year-old woman is brought to the emergency department (ED) by emergency medical service (EMS) after slipping on a patch of ice while walking to work and hitting her head on the cement pavement. Bystanders acknowledged that the patient was unconscious for approximately 1 minute. On arrival, her vital signs are blood pressure (BP) 155/75 mmHg, heart rate (HR) 89 beats per minute, respiratory rate (RR) 18 breaths per minute, and pulse oxygenation 98% on room air. She has a 5-cm laceration to the back of her head that is actively bleeding. You ask the patient what happened but she cannot remember. You inform her that she is in the hospital as a result of a fall. Over the next 10 minutes she asks you repeatedly what happened and where she is. You do not find any focal neurologic deficits. As you bring the patient to the CT scanner, she vomits once. CT results show a normal brain scan. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
Cerebral concussion
Diffuse axonal injury
Cerebral contusion
Posttraumatic epilepsy
Trauma-induced Alzheimer disease
98) A 41-year-old man, the restrained driver in a high-speed motor vehicle collision, is brought to the ED by EMS. The patient is breathing without difficulty with bilateral and equal breaths sounds. He has strong pulses peripherally indicating a BP of at least 90 mmHg. The HR is 121 beats per minute. His Glasgow coma scale (GCS) is 14. A secondary survey reveals chest wall bruising. You suspect a cardiac injury. Which of the following locations most commonly involve cardiac contusions?
Right atrium
Right ventricle
Left atrium
Left ventricle
Septum
99) A 25-year-old man is brought into the trauma resuscitation room after his motorcycle is struck by another vehicle. EMS reports that the patient was found 20 ft away from his motorcycle, which was badly damaged. His vital signs include a BP of 90/60 mmHg, HR 115 beats per minute, RR 22 breaths per minute, and pulse oxygenation of 100% on facemask. Which of the following is the smallest amount of blood loss that produces a decrease in the systolic BP in adults?
Loss of 5% of blood volume
Loss of 10% of blood volume
Loss of 15% to 30% of blood volume
Loss of 30% to 40% of blood volume
Loss of greater than 40% of blood volume
100) You are notified by the EMS dispatcher that there is a multiple-car collision on the local highway with many injuries. He states that there are two people dead at the scene, one person is critically injured and hypotensive, and three people have significant injuries but with stable vital signs. Which of the following is the leading cause of death and disability in trauma victims?
Abdominal injury
Thoracic injury
Back injury
Cervical injury
Head injury
101) Paramedics bring a 17-year-old high school football player to the ED on a backboard and with a cervical collar. During a football game, the patient “speared” another player with his helmet and subsequently experienced severe neck pain. He denies paresthesias and is able to move all of his extremities. A cervical spine CT scan reveals multiple fractures of the first cervical vertebra. Which of the following best describes this fracture?
Odontoid fracture
Hangman’s fracture
Jefferson fracture
Clay shoveler’s fracture
Teardrop fracture
102) A 20-year-old man presents to the ED with multiple stab wounds to his chest. His BP is 85/50 mmHg and HR is 123 beats per minute. Two large-bore IVs (intravenous) are established and running wide open. On examination, the patient is mumbling incomprehensibly, has good air entry on lung examination, and you notice jugular venous distension (JVD). As you are listening to his heart, the nurse calls out that the patient has lost his pulse and that she cannot get a BP reading. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in management?
Atropine
Epinephrine
Bilateral chest tubes
ED thoracotomy
Pericardiocentesis
103) A 22-year-old man calls the ED from a local bar stating that he was punched in the face 10 minutes ago and is holding his front incisor tooth in his hand. He wants to know what the best way is to preserve the tooth. Which of the following is the most appropriate advice to give the caller?
Place the tooth in a napkin and bring it to the ED
Place the tooth in a glass of water and bring it to the ED
Place the tooth in a glass of beer and bring it to the ED
Pour some water over the tooth and place it immediately back into the socket
Place the tooth in a glass of milk and bring it to the ED
104) A 19-year-old man is brought into the trauma room by EMS after a head-on cycling accident. The patient was not wearing a helmet. Upon presentation his BP is 125/75 mmHg, HR is 105 beats per minute, RR is 19 breaths per minute, and oxygen saturation is 100% on mask. His eyes are closed but open to command. He can move his arms and legs on command. When you ask him questions, he is disoriented but able to converse. What is this patient’s GCS score?
11
12
13
14
15
105) An 18-year-old man presents to the ED after getting stabbed in his abdomen. His HR is 140 beats per minute and BP is 90/40 mmHg. He is yelling that he is in pain. Two large-bore IVs are inserted into his antecubital fossa and fluids are running wide open. After 2 L of fluids, his BP does not improve. Which of the following is the most common organ injured in stab wounds?
Liver
Small bowel
Stomach
Colon
Spleen
106) A 61-year-old man presents to the ED with chest wall pain after a motor vehicle collision. He is speaking full sentences, breath sounds are equal bilaterally, and his extremities are well-perfused. His BP is 150/75 mmHg, HR is 92 beats per minute, and oxygen saturation is 97% on room air. Chest radiography reveals fractures of the seventh and eighth ribs of the right anterolateral chest. He has no other identifiable injuries. Which of the following is the most appropriate treatment for this patient’s rib fractures?
Apply adhesive tape on the chest wall perpendicular to the rib fractures
Insert a chest tube into the right thorax
Bring the patient to the OR for surgical fixation
Analgesia and incentive spirometry
Observation
107) A 27-year-old man brought to the ED by paramedics after a motor vehicle collision. His RR is 45 breaths per minute, oxygen saturation is 89%, HR is 112 beats per minute, and BP is 115/75 mmHg. You auscultate his chest and hear decreased breath sounds on the left. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in management?
Order a stat chest radiograph
Perform a pericardiocentesis
Perform a diagnostic peritoneal lavage (DPL)
Perform an ED thoracotomy
Perform a tube thoracostomy
108) A 29-year-old man is brought to the ED by EMS after being stabbed in the left side of his back. His BP is 120/80 mmHg, HR is 105 beats per minute, RR is 16 breaths per minute, and oxygen saturation is 98% on room air. On the secondary survey, you note motor weakness of his left lower extremity and the loss of pain sensation in the right lower extremity. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
Spinal shock
Central cord syndrome
Anterior cord syndrome
Brown-Sequard syndrome
Cauda equina syndrome
109) A 33-year-old man, who was drinking heavily at a bar, presents to the ED after getting into a fight. A bystander tells paramedics that the patient was punched and kicked multiple times and sustained multiple blows to his head with a stool. In the ED, his BP is 150/75 mmHg, HR is 90 beats per minute, RR is 13 breaths per minute, and oxygen saturation is 100% on non-rebreather. On examination, he opens his eyes to pain and his pupils are equal and reactive. There is a laceration on the right side of his head. He withdraws his arm to pain but otherwise does not move. You ask him questions, but he just moans. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in management?
Prepare for intubation
Suture repair of head laceration
Administer mannitol
Bilateral burr holes
Neurosurgical intervention
110) A 74-year-old man presents to the ED after being involved in a motor vehicle collision. He states he was wearing his seat belt in the driver’s seat when a car hit him from behind. He thinks his chest hit the steering wheel and now complains of pain with breathing. His RR is 20 breaths per minute, oxygen saturation is 98% on room air, BP is 145/75 mmHg, and HR is 90 beats per minute. On examination, you notice paradoxical respirations. Which of the following best describes a flail chest?
One rib with three fracture sites
Two adjacent ribs, each with two fracture sites
Three adjacent ribs, each with two fracture sites
One fractured right-sided rib and one fractured left-sided rib
Two fractured right-sided ribs and two fractured left-sided ribs
111) A 29-year-old man presents to the ED after being stabbed in his neck. The patient is speaking in full sentences. His breath sounds are equal bilaterally. His BP is 130/75 mmHg, HR is 95 beats per minute, RR is 16 breaths per minute, and oxygen saturation is 99% on room air. The stab wound is located between the angle of the mandible and the cricoid cartilage and violates the platysma. There is blood oozing from the site although there is no expanding hematoma. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in management?
Explore the wound and blind clamp any bleeding site
Probe the wound looking for injured vessels
Apply direct pressure and bring the patient immediately to the OR to explore the zone I injury
Apply direct pressure and bring the patient immediately to the OR to explore the zone I injury
Apply direct pressure and bring the patient immediately to the OR to explore the zone III injury
112) A 45-year-old man is brought to the ED after a head-on motor vehicle collision. Paramedics at the scene tell you that the front end of the car is smashed. The patient’s BP is 130/80 mmHg, HR is 100 beats per minute, RR is 15 breaths per minute, and oxygen saturation is 98% on room air. Radiographs of the cervical spine reveal bilateral fractures of the C2 vertebra. The patient’s neurologic examination is unremarkable. Which of the following best describes this fracture?
Colles fracture
Boxer’s fracture
Jefferson fracture
Hangman’s fracture
Clay shoveler’s fracture
113) A 71-year-old man is found lying on the ground one story below the balcony of his apartment. Paramedics bring the patient into the ED. He is cool to touch with a core body temperature of 96°F. His HR is 119 beats per minute and BP is 90/70 mmHg. His eyes are closed, but they open when you call his name. His limbs move to stimuli, and he answers your questions but is confused. On examination, you note clear fluid dripping from his left ear canal and an area of ecchymosis around the mastoid bone. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
Le Fort fracture
Basilar skull fracture
Otitis interna
Otitis externa
Tripod fracture
114) A 34-year-old construction worker is brought to the ED by EMS after falling 30 ft from a scaffold. His vital signs are HR 124 beats per minute, BP 80/40 mmHg, and oxygen saturation 93% on 100% oxygen. He has obvious head trauma with a scalp laceration overlying a skull fracture on his occiput. He does not speak when asked his name, his respirations are poor, and you hear gurgling with each attempted breath. Auscultation of the chest reveals diminished breath sounds on the right. There is no JVD or anterior chest wall crepitus. His pelvis is unstable with movement laterally to medially and you note blood at the urethral meatus. His right leg is grossly deformed at the knee and there is an obvious fracture of his left arm. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in management?
Insert a 32F chest tube into the right thoracic cavity
Perform a DPL to rule out intra-abdominal hemorrhage
Create two Burr holes into the cranial vault to treat a potential epidural hematoma
Immediately reduce the extremity injuries and place in a splint until the patient is stabilized
Plan for endotracheal intubation of the airway with in-line stabilization of the cervical spine
115) A 20-year-old man was found on the ground next to his car after it hit a tree on the side of the road. Bystanders state that the man got out of his car after the collision but collapsed within a few minutes. Paramedics subsequently found the man unconscious on the side of the road. In the ED, his BP is 175/90 mmHg, HR is 65 beats per minute, temperature is 99.2°F, RR is 12 breaths per minute, and oxygen saturation is 97% on room air. Physical examination reveals a right-sided fixed and dilated 
P874 Q115
P874  Q115
pupil. A head CT is shown below. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
Epidural hematoma
Subdural hematoma
Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH)
Intracerebral hematoma
Cerebral contusion
116) An 81-year-old woman presents to the ED after tripping over the sidewalk curb and landing on her chin causing a hyperextension of her neck. She was placed in a cervical collar by paramedics. On examination, she has no sensorimotor function of her upper extremities. She cannot wiggle her toes, has 1/5 motor function of her quadriceps, and only patchy lower extremity sensation. Rectal examination reveals decreased rectal tone. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
Central cord syndrome
Anterior cord syndrome
Brown-Sequard syndrome
Transverse myelitis
Exacerbation of Parkinson disease
117) A 22-year-old man presents to the ED after being ejected from his vehicle following a high-speed motor vehicle collision. Upon arrival, his BP is 85/55 mmHg and HR is 141 beats per minute. Two large-bore IVs are placed in the antecubital veins and lactated Ringer solution is being administered. After 3 L of crystalloid fluid, the patient’s BP is 83/57 mmHg. Which of the following statements is most appropriate regarding management of a hypotensive trauma patient who fails to respond to initial volume resuscitation?
It is important to wait for fully cross-matched blood prior to transfusion
Blood transfusion should begin after 4 L of crystalloid infusion
Whole blood should be used rather than packed red blood cells (RBCs)
Type O blood that is Rh-negative should be transfused
Type O blood that is Rh-positive should be transfused
118) A 24-year-old man is brought into the ED by paramedics after being run over by a car. His systolic BP is 90 mmHg by palpation, HR is 121 beats per minute, RR is 28 breaths per minute, and oxygen saturation is 100% on non-rebreather. The airway is patent and breath sounds are equal bilaterally. You establish large-bore access and fluids are running wide open. Secondary survey reveals an unstable pelvis upon movement with lateral to medial force. Bedside focused abdominal sonography for trauma (FAST) is negative for intraperitoneal fluid. Which of the following is the most appropriate immediate next step in management?
Bilateral chest tubes
Application of external fixator
Application of pelvic binding apparatus
Venographic embolization
Angiographic embolization
119) A 32-year-old man is brought to the ED by paramedics after a diving accident. The lifeguard on duty accompanies the patient and states that he dove head first into the shallow end of the pool and did not resurface. On examination, the patient is speaking but cannot move his arms or legs and cannot feel pain below his clavicle. He is able to feel light touch and position of his four extremities. A cervical spine radiograph does not reveal a fracture. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
Spinal cord injury without radiographic abnormality (SCIWORA)
Central cord syndrome
Anterior cord syndrome
Cauda equina syndrome
Brown-Sequard syndrome
120) A 22-year-old man is brought to the ED 20 minutes after a head-on motor vehicle collision in which he was the unrestrained driver. On arrival, he is alert and coherent but appears short of breath. His HR is 117 beats per minute, BP is 80/60 mmHg, and oxygen saturation is 97% on a nonrebreather. Examination reveals bruising over the central portion of his chest. His neck veins are not distended. Breath sounds are present on the left but absent on the right. Following administration of 2 L of lactated Ringer solution, his systolic BP remains at 80 mmHg. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in management?
Sedate, paralyze, and intubate
Perform a needle thoracostomy
Perform a DPL
Perform a FAST examination
Perform a pericardiocentesis
121) An 87-year-old man is brought to the ED on a long board and in a cervical collar after falling down a flight of steps. He denies losing consciousness. On arrival, his vital signs include an HR of 99 beats per minute, BP of 160/90 mmHg, and RR of 16 breaths per minute. He is alert and speaking in full sentences. Breath sounds are equal bilaterally. Despite an obvious right arm fracture, his radial pulses are 2+ and symmetric. When examining his cervical spine, he denies tenderness to palpation and you do not feel any bony deformities. Which of the following is a true statement?
Epidural hematomas are very common in the elderly age population
Cerebral atrophy in the elderly population provides protection against subdural hematomas
Increased elasticity of their lungs allows elderly patients to recover from thoracic trauma more quickly than younger patients
The most common cervical spine fracture in this age group is a wedge fracture of the sixth cervical vertebra
Despite lack of cervical spine tenderness, imaging of his cervical spine is warranted
122) A 45-year-old man is brought into the ED after a head-on motor vehicle collision. His BP is 85/45 mmHg and HR is 130 beats per minute. He is speaking coherently. His breath sounds are equal bilaterally. After 2 L of fluid resuscitation, his BP is 80/40 mmHg. A FAST examination reveals fluid in Morison pouch. Which of the following organs is most likely to be injured in blunt abdominal trauma?
Liver
Spleen
Kidney
Small bowel
Bladder
123) A 47-year-old man is brought into the ED after falling 20 ft from a ladder. His HR is 110 beats per minute, BP is 110/80 mmHg, RR is 20 breaths per minute, and oxygen saturation is 100% on face mask. He is able to answer your questions without difficulty. His chest is clear with bilateral breath sounds, abdomen is nontender, pelvis is stable, and the FAST examination is negative. You note a large scrotal hematoma and blood at the urethral meatus. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in management?
Scrotal ultrasound
Kidney-ureter-bladder (KUB) radiograph
IV pyelogram
Retrograde cystogram
Retrograde urethrogram
124) A 17-year-old man presents to the ED after getting hit in the right eye with a tennis ball during a tennis match. On arrival to the ED, you note periorbital swelling and ecchymosis. The patient’s visual acuity is 20/20. When you are testing his extraocular muscles, you note that his right eye cannot look superiorly but his left eye can. He also describes pain in his right eye when attempting to look upward. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
Zygomatic arch fracture
Orbital floor fracture
Retrobulbar hematoma
Ruptured globe
Mandible fracture with entrapment of the pterygoid
125) A 24-year-old man is brought to the ED after being shot once in the abdomen. On arrival, his BP is 100/60 mmHg, HR is 115 beats per minute, and RR is 22 breaths per minute. His airway is patent and you hear breath sounds bilaterally. On abdominal examination, you note a single bullet entry wound approximately 1 cm to the right of the umbilicus. During the log roll, you see a single bullet exit wound approximately 3 cm to the right of the lumbar spine. His GCS score is 15. The patient’s BP is now 85/65 mmHg and HR is 125 beats per minute after 2L of fluid. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in management?
Probe the entry wound to see if it violates the peritoneum
Perform a FAST examination
Perform a DPL
Take the patient directly to the CT scanner
Take the patient directly to the OR
126) A 43-year-old man, who currently uses drugs intravenously (IV), presents to the emergency department (ED) with 2 weeks of fever, back pain, and progressive weakness in his legs bilaterally. He denies any history of trauma or prior surgery. His blood pressure (BP) is 130/75 mmHg, heart rate (HR) is 106 beats per minute, temperature is 103°F, and respiratory rate (RR) is 16 breaths per minute. On physical examination, he has tenderness to palpation in the mid-lumbar spine, increased patellar reflexes, and decreased strength in the lower extremities bilaterally, with normal range of motion. Laboratory results reveal a white blood cell (WBC) count of 15,500/μL, hematocrit 40%, and platelets 225/μL. Urinalysis and spinal x-rays are unremarkable. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
Fibromyalgia
Ankylosing spondylitis
Spinal epidural abscess
Vertebral compression fracture
Spinal metastatic lesion
127) An 81-year-old woman is brought to the ED by her children who state that the patient is acting more tired than usual, has had fever for the last 2 days, and is more confused. Ordinarily, the patient is high functioning: she is ambulatory, cooks for herself, and walks on a treadmill 30 minutes a day. Her vital signs are BP 85/60 mmHg, HR 125, RR 20, temperature 101.3°F, and pulse oxygenation 97% on room air. On examination, the patient has dry mucous membranes but is otherwise unremarkable. She is oriented to person and place but states that the year is 1925. Her laboratory results show a WBC 14,300/μL, hematocrit 31%, and platelets 350/μL. Her electrolytes are within normal limits. Blood glucose is 92 mg/dL. A chest radiograph does not show any infiltrates. Urinalysis reveals 2+ protein, trace ketones, WBC > 100/hpf, red blood cell (RBC) 5 to 10/hpf, nitrite positive, and leukocyte esterase positive. After administering a 500-cc normal saline fluid bolus and broad-spectrum antibiotics through her peripheral IV line, the patient’s BP is 82/60 mmHg. You suspect that the patient is in septic shock due to an acute urinary tract infection. Which of the following is the next most appropriate course of action to manage this patient with earlygoal-directed therapy (EGDT)?
Immediately start a norepinephrine infusion to increase the blood pressure given the low systolic blood pressure
Prepare to transfuse uncrossed matched packed RBC to increase oxygen-carrying capacity given the low hematocrit
Place a central venous line into the right internal jugular vein to measure central venous pressure (CVP)
Transport the patient to radiology for a stat CT scan of her head given the acute change in mental status
Place a central venous line into the right internal jugular vein to measure mixed venous oxygen saturation (SVO2)
128) A 23-year-old man presents to the ED with left lower abdominal pain and left testicular pain that started 1 to 2 weeks ago and has gradually worsened. He has some nausea and vomiting. His HR is 98 beats per minute, BP is 125/65 mmHg, temperature is 100.9°F, and RR is 18 breaths per minute. Physical examination reveals a tender left testicle with a firm nodularity on the posterolateral aspect of the testicle. Pain is relieved slightly with elevation of the testicle and the cremasteric reflex in normal. You make the presumptive diagnosis of epididymitis. Which of the following is the next best step?
Prescribe pain medications and penicillin for coverage of syphilis, the most likely causative organism
Recommend bed rest, ice, and scrotal elevation with prompt urology follow-up
Give ceftriaxone 125 mg intramuscularly (IM), plus a one-time dose of azithromycin 1g orally
Give ceftriaxone 250 mg intramuscularly (IM), plus a 10-day course of oral doxycycline
Confirm the diagnosis with transillumination of the testicle, and then consult urology for surgical drainage
129) A 40-year-old man with insulin-dependent diabetes presents to the ED with complaints of 2 days of increasingly severe perineal pain and subjective fevers. His HR is 118 beats per minute, BP is 95/55 mmHg, temperature is 103.4°F, and RR is 22 breaths per minute. The bedside sugar reading is “high.” Physical examination demonstrates crepitus over the medial thigh and widespread erythema and purple discoloration with sharp demarcation over the scrotum. The scrotum is markedly tender, warm, and edematous. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
Cutaneous candidiasis
Fournier syndrome
Phimosis
Paraphimosis
Testicular torsion
130) A 55-year-old man with a history of diabetes presents with complaints of developed left knee pain several days following a fall from standing height. The patient was brought to the ED by ambulance after being found on a park bench stating he was unable to walk because of the pain. On physical examination, there are no rashes or external signs of trauma. His left knee is warm, diffusely tender, and swollen with a large effusion. He has pain on passive range of motion and is refusing to walk. His BP is 150/85 mmHg, HR is 105 beats per minute, temperature is 102.7°F, RR is 16 breaths per minute, and fingerstick glucose is 89 mg/dL. Which of the following is the most appropriate diagnostic test?
Knee radiographs
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP)
Arthrocentesis
Bone scan
131) A 35-year-old woman with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is brought to the ED by her brother after he found her febrile and confused. Physical examination reveals fever, tachycardia, a waxing and waning mental status, petechiae over her oral mucosa, pallor, and mildly heme-positive stool. Her urinalysis is positive for blood, red cell casts, and proteinuria. Laboratory results reveal blood urea nitrogen (BUN) of 40 mg/dL and creatinine of 2 mg/dL. Her bilirubin is elevated (unconjugated > conjugated) and her international normalized ratio (INR) is 0.98. Her complete blood count reveals WBC 12,000/μL, hematocrit 29%, and platelet count 17,000/μL with schistocytes on the peripheral smear. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in management?
Admit to the intensive care unit (ICU) for plasmapheresis and close monitoring for acute bleeds
Admit to the ICU for platelet transfusion and monitoring for acute bleeds
Admit to the ICU for corticosteroid infusion, transfusion of platelets, and prompt surgical consultation for emergent splenectomy
Admit to the ICU for dialysis and close monitoring for acute bleeds
Perform a noncontrast head computed tomography (CT) to screen for intracranial bleeding and mass effect followed by a lumbar puncture (LP) for analysis of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). If negative, admit to telemetry for hemodynamic monitoring
132) A 30-year-old woman presents to the ED with fever, headache, a “sunburn-like” rash, and confusion. A friend states that the patient has complained of nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and a sore throat over the past few days. Her last menstrual period began 4 days ago. Vital signs are HR 110 beats per minute, BP 80/45 mmHg, RR of 18 breaths per minute, and temperature of 103°F. On physical examination, you note an ill-appearing woman with a diffuse blanching erythroderma. Her neck is supple without signs of meningeal irritation. On pelvic examination, you remove a tampon. You note a fine desquamation of her skin, especially over the hands and feet, and hyperemia of her oropharyngeal, conjunctival, and vaginal mucous membranes. Laboratory results reveal a creatine phosphokinase (CPK) of 5000, WBC 15,000/μL, platelets of 90,000/μL, BUN 40 mg/dL, creatinine 2 mg/dL, and elevated liver enzymes. You suspect thediagnosis of toxic shock syndrome and initiate IV fluids. You target antibiotics at which of the following causative organism?
Staphylococcus aureus
Rickettsia rickettsii
Streptococcus pyogenes
Neisseria meningitidis
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
133) A 32-year-old diabetic man presents to the ED with a fever and 1 week of increasing right foot pain. He states he stepped on a nail while running barefoot 2 weeks ago but didn’t think much of it at that time. On physical examination, his heel is mildly erythematous and diffusely tender to palpation, with overlying warmth and edema. There is a small amount of purulent drainage through the puncture hole in his heel. A plain radiograph of his foot demonstrates a slight lucency of the calcaneus. He has decreased range of motion, but you are able to passively dorsiflex and plantarflex his ankle without difficulty. His vital signs include a temperature of 101.4°F, HR of 98 beats per minute, BP of 130/75 mmHg, and RR of 16 breaths per minute. Which of the following is the most common causative organism of this condition?
Salmonella sp
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Staphylococcus aureus
Group B streptococci
Pasteurella multocida
134) A 75-year-old woman is transferred to your ED from the local nursing home for fever, cough, and increasing lethargy. Over the past 3 days, the nursing home staff noticed increasing yellow sputum and decreasing urine output from the patient. Her BP is 118/75 mmHg, RR is 20 breaths per minute, HR is 105 beats per minute, temperature is 100.9°F, and pulse oxygenation is 94% on room air. On examination, auscultation of the lungs reveals bibasilar crackles. Laboratory results reveal WBC 14,500/μL, hematocrit 39%, platelets 250/μL, sodium 132 mEq/L, potassium 3.5 mEq/L, chloride 100 mEq/L, bicarbonate 18 mEq/L, BUN 27 mg/dL, creatinine 1.5 mg/dL, and glucose 85 mg/dL. Serum lactate is 4.7 mmol/dL. Chest radiography reveals bilateral lower lobe infiltrates. Based on this patient’s presentation, which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
Hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP)
Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP)
Health care–associated pneumonia (HCAP)
Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP)
Atypical pneumonia
135) A 55-year-old man presents to the ED with fever, drooling, trismus, and a swollen neck. He reports a foul taste in his mouth caused by a tooth extraction 2 days ago. On physical examination, the patient appears anxious. He has bilateral submandibular swelling and elevation and protrusion of the tongue. He appears “bull-necked” with tense and markedly tender edema and brawny induration of the upper neck, and he is tender over the lower second and third molars. There is no cervical lymphadenopathy. These lungs are clear to auscultation with good air movement. His vital signs are HR 105 beats per minute, BP 140/85 mmHg, RR 26 breaths per minute, and temperature 102°F. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in management?
Obtain a sample for culture, administer a dose of IV antibiotics, and obtain a soft tissue radiograph of the neck
Obtain a sample for culture, perform a broad incision and drainage at bedside, and administer a dose of IV antibiotics
Administer a dose of IV antibiotics and obtain a CT scan of the soft tissues of the neck
. Administer a dose of IV antibiotics, obtain a CT scan of the soft tissues of the neck, and obtain an emergent ENT consult
Secure his airway, administer a dose of IV antibiotics, and obtain an emergent ENT (ear, nose, and throat) consult
136) A 67-year-old woman with a history of steroid-dependent COPD, non–insulin-dependent diabetes, and hypertension presents to the ED with complaints of a painful, red, swollen left lower leg. She states she noted a “bug bite” in that area 1 week ago and since then has had gradually increasing symptoms. On examination, you note a 12 cm × 10 cm sharply demarcated area of blanching erythema, warmth, and tenderness on the medial thigh with ascending erythema to the groin. You also note tender adenopathy in the left inguinal region. Her BP is 90/55 mmHg, RR is 24 breaths per minute, HR is 105 beats per minute, temperature is 102.4°F, and pulse oxygenation is 98% on room air. Laboratory results reveal WBC 19,500/μL, hematocrit 39%, platelets 175/μL, sodium 132 mEq/L, potassium 3.5 mEq/L, chloride 100 mEq/L, bicarbonate 14 mEq/L, BUN 32 mg/dL, creatinine 1.7 mg/dL, and glucose 455 mg/dL. Serum lactate is 4.7 mmol/dL. Which of the following best describes her clinical state?
She has systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS)
She has sepsis
She has severe sepsis
She is in septic shock
She has multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS)
137) An 84-year-old man presents to the ED with his family due to concerns that his condition is worsening despite being placed on levofloxacin for a urinary tract infection 5 days ago by his primary care physician. His is obtunded and unable to give any additional history. Physical examination does not reveal the source of infection. His BP is 84/45 mmHg, HR is 135 beats per minute, temperature is 102.8°F, and his RR is 28 breaths per minute. Laboratory results reveal WBC 24,500/μL, hematocrit 19%, platelets 90/μL, sodium 132 mEq/L, potassium 7.5 mEq/L, chloride 100 mEq/L, bicarbonate 12 mEq/L, BUN 37 mg/dL, creatinine 6.5 mg/dL, and glucose 255 mg/dL. Serum lactate is 11.3 mmol/dL. Cardiac enzymes and troponin are mildly elevated, and he has hyperacute T-waves on electrocardiogram (ECG). His chest radiograph shows cardiomegaly with bilateral patchy opacities and pulmonary vascular congestion. Rapid urinalysis reveals 3+ WBCs and blood and nitrates. You secure his airway with intubation, initiate broad-spectrum antibiotics, IV fluids, and other supportive therapies, and emergently consult nephrology, cardiology, and pulmonology. Which of the following best describes his clinical state?
He has SIRS
He has sepsis
He has severe sepsis
He is in septic shock
He has MODS
138) A 37-year-old man presents to the ED with complaints of 2 days of a sore throat and subjective fever at home. He denies cough or vomiting. His BP is 130/75 mmHg, HR is 85 beats per minute, temperature is 101°F, and his RR is 14 breaths per minute. He has diffuse tonsillar swelling and bilateral exudates with bilaterally enlarged and tender lymph nodes of the neck. Which of the following is the next best step in management?
Administer penicillin and discharge the patient without further testing
Perform a rapid antigen test. If it is negative, confirm with a throat culture, and administer penicillin if the results are positive
Perform a rapid antigen testIf it is negative, administer penicillin and discharge the patient
Perform a rapid antigen test. If it is positive, administer penicillin and discharge the patient .
Discharge the patient without treatment or further testing
139) A 37-year-old man who just finished a full course of penicillin for pharyngitis presents to the ED requesting to be checked out again. He states he took the antibiotics exactly as prescribed and initially felt somewhat improved, but over the last 2 to 3 days has had increased pain and progressive difficulty swallowing. His BP is 130/65 mmHg, HR is 95 beats per minute, temperature is 100.1°F, RR is 16 breaths per minute, and oxygen saturation is 99%. On examination, the patient is in no acute distress but has a fluctuant mass on the right side of his neck. You visualize a normal soft palate with swelling of the right tonsillar arch and deviation of the uvula to the left, but additional examination is limited because he is unable to open his mouth fully. Review of his records reveals a throat culture that was positive for Streptococcus. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in management?
Attempt needle aspiration, treat him with a new course of antibiotics (either penicillin or clindamycin), and have him return in 24 hours
Give him morphine for pain control, give him a dose of IV antibiotics, and observe him in the ED for 6 hours
Admit him for incision and drainage in the OR under general anesthesia
Switch his antibiotic to clindamycin and have him return in 24 hours
Order a CT scan to visualize his neck, continue the penicillin, and have him return in 24 hours
140) A 50-year-old man presents to the ED complaining of fever, headache, and neck pain for 24 hours. He states that 1 week ago he had rhinorrhea, nasal congestion, a sore throat, and occasional dry cough. He noted generalized weakness, myalgias, and malaise yesterday afternoon, and woke up today “feeling terrible.” His BP is 145/75 mmHg, HR is 102 beats per minute, temperature is 101.2°F, and his RR is 16 breaths per minute. On examination, he is awake, alert, and nontoxic appearing although he has discomfort in his neck with flexion. He has a nonfocal neurologic examination without increased deep tendon reflexes or opthalmoplegia. There are no rashes. Which of the following CSF results is most consistent with your clinical diagnosis of viral meningitis?
Identification of viral particles on Gram stain with an elevated CSF-to-serum glucose level
A mildly elevated total protein level with a decreased glucose level
A mildly elevated total protein level with a WBC count of fewer than 500 cells/mm 3
Increased turbidity with marked xanthochrom
A markedly elevated lymphocyte count, often exceeding 100,000 cells/mm 3 with a mildly elevated total protein level
141) A 32-year-old woman presents to the ED with 7 days of vaginal discharge and pelvic pain. She is sexually active and admits to several recent “one night stands.” She denies trauma/injury and does not have any urinary or other abdominal complaints. Her HR is 85 beats per minute, BP is 135/90 mmHg, RR is 18 breaths per minute, and temperature is 101.4°F. On bimanual examination, you note a copious, thin, white discharge with mild diffuse adnexal tenderness with significant cervical motion tenderness. There are no rashes, skin lesions, or adenopathy. Laboratory results are notable for a WBC of 18,000/μL. A urinalysis shows WBCs but is otherwise within normal limits. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in management?
Prescribe her a 14-day course of levofloxacin (500 mg PO once per day) and urgent gynecology follow-up within 1 week
Give her a dose of metronidazole (2 g PO) and prescribe her a 14-day course of cephalexin (500 mg) with urgent gynecology follow-up within 1 week
Give her a one-time dose of oral metronidazole (2 g PO), azithromycin (1 g PO), and ceftriaxone (250 mg IM) with gynecology follow-up if she is not feeling better
Give her a one-time dose azithromycin (1 g PO), and ceftriaxone (250 mg IM) with urgent gynecology follow-up within 1 week
Give her a dose of ceftriaxone (250 mg IM), and prescribe her a 10-day course of doxycycline (100 mg PO BID) with urgent gynecology follow-up within 1 week
142) A 45-year-old woman presents to the ED complaining of 3 days of fever and worsening throat pain and painful odynophagia without cough or coryza. She sits on a chair, leaning forward with her mouth slightly open. She is refusing to swallow and has a cup of saliva and a box of facial tissues at her side. Vitals are HR of 120 beats per minute, BP of 110/70 mmHg, RR of 22 breaths per minute, oxygen saturation of 99% on room air, and temperature of 102.8°F. You note a slight wheezing noise coming from her anterior neck. Her voice is hoarse and she is able to open her mouth fully, making her examination quite difficult. From what you can visualize, her posterior oropharynx is moderately hyperemic, without exudates or tonsillar enlargement. A soft tissue lateral cervical radiograph shows marked edema of the prevertebral soft tissues and absence of the vallecular space. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
Retropharyngeal abscess
Peritonsillar abscess
Epiglottitis
Pharyngitis
Laryngotracheitis
143) A 19-year-old woman presents with 4 days of bilateral lower abdominal pain right greater than left. She also complains of a fever, nausea, vomiting, and general malaise. Her last menstrual period was 5 days ago. Vitals are HR 98 beats per minute, BP 110/65 mmHg, RR 18 breaths per minute, and temperature of 102.7°F. Pelvic examination demonstrates exquisite cervical motion tenderness and right adnexal tenderness. Laboratory reports are notable for a WBC 15,000/μL, an ESR of 95 mm/h, and a negative urine β-human chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG). Transvaginal ultrasound demonstrates a right complex mass with cystic and solid components. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in management?
Prescribe her a 14-day course of levofloxacin (500 mg PO once per day) and urgent gynecology follow-up within 1 week
Give her a dose of metronidazole (2 g PO) and prescribe her a 14-day course of cephalexin (500 mg) with urgent gynecology follow-up within 1 week
Give her a one-time dose of oral metronidazole (2 g PO), azithromycin (1 g PO), and ceftriaxone (250 mg IM) with gynecology follow-up if she is not feeling better
Given her a one-time dose with emergent gynecology consultation for possible laparoscopic drainage
Give her a dose of ceftriaxone (250 mg IM), and prescribe her a 10-day course of doxycycline (100 mg PO BID) with urgent gynecology follow-up within 1 week
144) A 42-year-old IV drug user presents to the ED with fever, chills, pleuritic chest pain, myalgias, and general malaise. The patient’s vitals include an HR of 110 beats per minute, BP of 110/65 mmHg, RR of 18 breaths per minute, and temperature of 103.4°F. Physical examination is notable for retinal hemorrhages, petechiae on the conjunctivae and mucous membranes, a faint systolic ejection murmur, and splenomegaly. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
Disseminated gonorrhea
Myocarditis
Pericarditis
Infectious mononucleosis
Endocarditis
145) A 51-year-old diabetic man complains of intense right-ear pain and discharge. On physical examination, his BP is 145/65 mmHg, HR 91 beats per minute, and temperature 101°F. He withdraws when you retract the pinna of his ear. The external auditory canal is erythematous, edematous, and contains what looks like friable granulation tissue in the external auditory canal. The tympanic membrane is partially obstructed but appears to be erythematous, as well. You make the presumptive diagnosis of necrotizing (malignant) otitis externa. Which of the following statements regarding this condition is true?
It is an uncommon complication of otitis media in otherwise healthy patients
The mainstay of treatment is outpatient with oral antibiotics
Cranial nerve IX palsy is the most common complication
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the most common causative organism
Hearing loss is the most common complication
146) A 26-year-old woman presents to the ED with fever, malaise, and an evolving rash in the right axilla that she initially thought was from an insect bite that she received while hiking 1 week earlier. She complains of generalized fatigue, nausea, headache, and joint pain over the past several days. Her vitals are BP of 120/75 mmHg, HR of 75 beats per minute, RR of 16 breaths per minute, and temperature of 101°F. On physical examination, she is awake and alert, with a nonfocal neurologic examination. Her neck is supple, but she is diffusely tender over the shoulder, knee, and hip joints bilaterally without any distinct effusions. Her abdomen is soft and nontender. She has a 9-cm erythematous annular plaque with partial central clearing and a bright red outer border and a target center under her right axilla. Which of the following is the next best step?
Treat empirically with broad-spectrum antibiotics and consult dermatology emergently for a biopsy of the rash
Treat empirically for a cellulitis with cephalexin for 10 days and arrange follow-up with her primary care doctor
Treat empirically for Lyme disease with doxycycline for 21 days and arrange follow-up with her primary-care doctor
Treat empirically for an allergic dermatitis with prednisone, diphenhydramine, and famotidine for 3 days, and arrange follow-up with her primary care doctor
Perform serologic testing for Borrelia burgdorferi to confirm the diagnosis of Lyme disease and arrange follow-up with her primary care doctor
147) A 22-year-old man without medical complaints presents to the ED with a 3-day history of fever, malaise, and myalgias. He denies chest pain, shortness of breath, nausea or vomiting, abdominal pain, cough, sore throat, genitourinary symptoms, or respiratory tract complaints. On examination, the patient’s BP is 100/60 mmHg, HR is 110 beats per minute, RR is 20 breaths per minute, and temperature is 102°F. He appears awake, alert, and comfortable. His physical examination is normal. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in management?
Discharge him with antipyretics and follow up with his primary care doctor in 1 or 2 days for a repeat examination
Order a CBC, urinalysis, and chest x-ray. If normal, discharge him with antipyretics and follow up with his primary care doctor in 1 or 2 days for a repeat examination
Order a CBC, urinalysis, chest x-ray, and two sets of blood cultures. If normal, discharge him with antipyretics and follow up with his primary care doctor in 1 or 2 days for a repeat examination
Order a CBC, urinalysis, chest x-ray, two sets of blood cultures, and perform an LP. If normal, discharge him with antipyretics and follow up with his primary care doctor in 1 or 2 days for a repeat examination
Order a CBC, urinalysis, chest x-ray, two sets of blood cultures, and perform an LP. Start empiric IV antibiotics and admit him for observation
148) A 54-year-old man with a history of hepatitis C, alcohol abuse, and cirrhotic ascites presents with increasing abdominal girth and abdominal pain. He complains of increasing difficulty breathing, especially when lying down, caused by worsening ascites. On physical examination, the patient is cachectic and appears older than his stated age. He has a diffusely tender abdomen and tense ascites. The liver is palpable 4 cm below the costal margin. Vitals include a BP of 110/65 mmHg, HR of 110 beats per minute, RR of 22 breaths per minute, and temperature of 102°F. Which of the following is the most common organism seen in spontaneous bacterial peritonitis?
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Enterococcus
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Enterobacteriaceae
Streptococcus viridans
149) A 30-year-old man with type 1 diabetes presents to the emergency department (ED). His blood pressure (BP) is 100/70 mmHg and heart rate (HR) is 140 beats per minute. His blood glucose is 750 mg/dL, potassium level is 5.9 mEq/L, bicarbonate is 5 mEq/L, and arterial pH 7.1. His urine is positive for ketones. Which of the following is the best initial therapy for this patient?
Give normal saline as a 2-L bolus; then administer 20 units of regular insulin subcutaneously
Bolus 2 ampules of bicarbonate and administer 10 units of insulin intravenously
Give him 5 mg of metoprolol to slow down his heart, start intravenous (IV) hydration, and then give 10 units of regular insulin intravenously
Give normal saline in 2 L bolus and then administer 10 units of insulin intravenously followed by an insulin drip and continued hydration
Give normal saline in 2 L bolus with 20 mEq/L potassium chloride (KCl) in each bag
150) A 39-year-old woman, brought into the ED by her family, states that she has had 4 days of diarrhea and has now started acting “crazy” with mood swings and confusion. The family states that she usually takes a medication for a problem with her neck. Her BP is 130/45 mmHg, HR is 140 beats per minute, temperature is 101.5°F, and her respiratory rate (RR) is 22 breaths per minute. An electrocardiogram (ECG) reveals atrial fibrillation with a normal QRS complex. After you address the airway, breathing, and circulation (ABCs), which of the following is the most appropriate next step in management?
Administer 2 ampules of bicarbonate to treat for tricyclic antidepressant overdose
Administer chlordiazepoxide, thiamine, and folate
Administer ceftriaxone and prepare for a lumbar puncture
Administer propranolol and propylthiouracil (PTU); then wait an hour to give Lugol iodine solution
Administer ciprofloxacin and give a 2-L bolus of normal saline for treatment of dehydration secondary to infectious diarrhea
151) A 65-year-old woman brought into the ED by her family, states that she has been weak, lethargic, and saying “crazy things” over the last 2 days. Her family also states that her medical history is significant only for a disease of her thyroid. Her BP is 120/90 mmHg, HR is 51 beats per minute, temperature is 94°F rectally, and RR is 12 breaths per minute. On examination, the patient is overweight, her skin is dry, and you notice periorbital nonpitting edema. On neurologic examination, the patient does not respond to stimulation. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
Apathetic thyrotoxicosis
Myxedema coma
Graves disease
Acute stroke
Schizophrenia
152) A 74-year-old woman who is a known diabetic is brought to the ED by emergency medical service (EMS) with altered mental status. The home health aide states that the patient ran out of her medications 4 days ago. Her BP is 130/85 mmHg, HR is 110 beats per minute, temperature is 99.8°F, and RR is 18 breaths per minute. On examination, she cannot follow commands but responds to stimuli. Laboratory results reveal white blood cell (WBC) count of 14,000/L, hematocrit 49%, platelets 325/L, sodium 128 mEq/L, potassium 3.0 mEq/L, chloride 95 mEq/L, bicarbonate 22 mEq/L, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) 40 mg/dL, creatinine 1.8 mg/dL, and glucose 850 mg/dL. Urinalysis shows 3+ glucose, 1+ protein, and no blood or ketones. After addressing the ABCs, which of the following is the most appropriate next step in management?
Begin fluid resuscitation with a 2- to 3-L bolus of normal saline; then administer 10 units of regular insulin intravenously
Begin fluid resuscitation with a 2- to 3-L bolus of normal saline; then administer 10 units of regular insulin intravenously and begin phenytoin for seizure prophylaxis
Administer 10 units of regular insulin intravenously; then begin fluid resuscitation with a 2- to 3-L bolus of normal saline
Order a computed tomographic (CT) scan of the brain; if negative for acute stroke, begin fluid resuscitation with a 2- to 3-L bolus of normal saline
Arrange for urgent hemodialysis
153) A 21-year-old man presents to the ED. He has a known history of type 1 diabetes. He is hypotensive with BP of 95/65 mmHg, tachycardic at 120 beats per minute, and tachypneic at 30 breaths per minute. Laboratory results reveal a WBC 20,000/μL, hematocrit 45%, platelets 225/μL, sodium 131 mEq/L, potassium 5.3 mEq/L, chloride 95 mEq/L, bicarbonate 5 mEq/L, BUN 20 mg/dL, creatinine 0.9 mg/dL, and glucose 425 mg/dL. Arterial blood gas reveals a pH of 7.2. Urinalysis reveals glucosuria and ketosis. There is a fruity odor to his breath. Which of the following provides the strongest evidence for the diagnosis?
Hypotension, tachycardia, and tachypnea
Glucose of 425 mg/dL, ketosis, and leukocytosis
Glucose of 425 mg/dL, ketosis, pH 7.2, and bicarbonate of 5 mEq/L
Glucose of 425 mg/dL, hypotension, and fruity odor to breath
Glucosuria, hypotension, and leukocytosis
154) A 32-year-old man is brought to the ED by EMS for confusion. EMS reports that the patient was at a local pharmacy filing his prescriptions when the pharmacist noticed the patient sweating and having difficulty answering questions. In the ED, the patient’s BP is 130/68 mmHg, HR is 120 beats per minute, temperature is 98.9°F, and RR is 12 breaths per minute. The patient is unable to explain what happened. His fingerstick glucose is 410 mg/dL and his urine is positive for ketones. An electrolyte panel reveals Na + 131 mEq/L, K + 4 mEq/L, Cl − 91 mEq/L, and Ca 2+ 11 mEq/L. Which of the following electrolytes are most important to supplement during the management of his medical condition?
Sodium, potassium, and calcium
Sodium
Potassium
Calcium
Sodium and calcium
155) A 36-year-old immigrant woman is brought to the ED from her workplace. She was found to be agitated and behaving bizarrely. The patient’s past medical history and medications are unknown. Her BP is 162/92 mmHg, HR is 140 beats per minute, temperature is 101.8°F, and RR is 18 breaths per minute. On examination, the patient is delirious, tremulous, and has a large goiter. Which of the following is the most appropriate management of this patient?
Administer dantrolene
Administer acetaminophen and broad-coverage antibiotics
Protect airway; administer iodine
Administer diazepam
Protect airway; administer acetaminophen, propranolol, and PTU
156) A 75-year-old woman is brought to the ED by EMS after she had a witnessed seizure on the street. A bystander reports that the patient fell to the ground, had tonic-clonic activity, and was drooling. Her BP is 162/85mmHg, HR is 95 beats per minute, temperature is 99.4°F, and RR is 16 breaths per minute. On examination, the patient is unresponsive and has a bleeding superficial scalp laceration. Which of the following electrolyte disturbances is least likely to cause a seizure?
Hypoglycemia
Hyperglycemia
Hyponatremia
Hypernatremia
Hypokalemia
157) A 53-year-old woman is brought to the ED by her husband. He states that his wife is feeling very weak over the last 2 days, is nauseated, and vomiting at least three times. The husband states that she was taking a high-dose medication for her joint pain but ran out of her pills last week. Her vital signs are BP of 90/50 mmHg, HR 87 beats per minute, RR 16 breaths per minute, and temperature 98.1°F. You place her on the monitor, begin IV fluids, and send her blood to the laboratory. Thirty minutes later the metabolic panel results are back and reveal the following: Na+ 126 mEq/L, K+ 5 mEq/L, Cl− 99 mEq/L, HCO3 21 mEq/L, BUN 24 mg/dL, Creatinine 1.6 mg/dL, Glucose 69 mg/dL, Ca+ 11 mEq/L. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Myxedema coma
Thyroid storm
Hyperaldosteronism
Adrenal insufficiency
Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)
158) A 44-year-old agitated woman is brought to the ED by her husband. He states that she has had fevers to 101°F and a productive cough at home for the last 3 days. Today she became labile, agitated, and complained of abdominal pain. She was recently diagnosed with Graves disease and started on PTU. Her BP is 156/87 mmHg, HR is 145 beats per minute, temperature is 102.4°F, and RR is 20 breaths per minute. On examination, the patient is agitated, confused, and has rales on auscultation bilaterally. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
Pheochromocytoma
Cocaine ingestion
Heat stroke
Thyroid storm
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome
{"name":"B2 p 861 to 890 ( 79 Questions)", "url":"https://www.quiz-maker.com/QPREVIEW","txt":"81) A 60-year-old woman with a history of diabetes is brought into the ED by EMS workers who state that the patient was found on a bus in a lethargic and diaphoretic condition. Her fingerstick glucose level at the scene was 35 mg\/dL. EMS workers quickly administered dextrose through an IV line. The patient became alert and responsive, stating that she just took her normal medication. Her blood sugar went up to 110 mg\/dL and she remained this way throughout her trip to the ED. However, in the ED you notice that the patient is again diaphoretic and is mumbling her speech. Her fingerstick glucose is now 47 mg\/dL. You administer dextrose and she perks right up. Which of the following diabetes medications commonly causes hypoglycemia for which the patient is likely to require hospital admission?, 82) A 23-year-old woman presents to the ED complaining of abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting. She has a history of depression but is not currently taking any antidepressant medications. Upon further questioning, the patient states that she ingested a bottle of pills in her medicine cabinet approximately 3 hours ago. Her BP is 115\/65 mmHg, HR is 101 beats per minute, temperature is 100.1°F, RR is 29 breaths per minute, and oxygen saturation is 100% on room air. Physical examination is unremarkable except for mild diffuse abdominal tenderness. Laboratory results reveal a white blood cell (WBC) count of 10,300\/μL, hematocrit 46%, platelets 275\/μL, aspartate transaminase (AST) 70 U\/L, alanine transaminase (ALT) 85 U\/L, alkaline phosphatase 75 U\/L, sodium 143 mEq\/L, potassium 3.7 mEq\/L, chloride 98 mEq\/L, bicarbonate 8 mEq\/L, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) 22 mg\/dL, creatinine 0.9 mg\/dL, and glucose 85 mg\/dL. Arterial blood gas values on room air are pH 7.51, PCO2 11 mm Hg, and PO2 134 mm Hg. Which of the following substances did this patient most likely ingest?, 83) A 35-year-old agitated man presents to the ED in police custody. He denies any past medical history and takes no medication. He admits to using some drugs today. His BP is 195\/90 mmHg, HR is 121 beats per minute, temperature is 100.1°F, RR is 18 breaths per minute, and oxygen saturation is 99% on room air. On examination, he is diaphoretic, and has pupils that are 8 mm in diameter, along with 3+ patella reflexes bilaterally. Electrocardiogram (ECG) reveals sinus tachycardia with a rate of 123. Which of the following toxic syndromes is this patient exhibiting?","img":"https://www.quiz-maker.com/3012/images/ogquiz.png"}
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