CYTO

Cell that is missing a single chromosome or having an extra.

Mental retardation - Common in Polyploidy because development of the brain is so complex and of such long duration that nearly any chromosome-scale disruption affects genes whose protein products affect the brain.

Deletions, duplications, inversions, ring formations, and translocations.

Triploidy, trisomy, monosomy and mosaicism.

Which is caused by partial deletion of the short arm of chromosome 4

Terminal 11q deletion disorder.

Associated with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML)

Where the individuals produce a characteristic mewing cry like cat during childhood.

Chromosome breaks an A single break near the end of the chromosome.

Chromosome breaks and reunites but the part is lost from in between.

Caused by duplication of the gene encoding peripheral myelin protein 22 (PMP22) on chromosome 17.

Segments from two different chromosomes have been exchanged.

An entire chromosome has attached to another at the centromere

These only occur with chromosomes 13, 14, 15, 21 and 22.

A single crossing over inverted region will result into formation of a dicentric chromosome and an acentric chromosome

A portion of the chromosome has broken off, turned upside down and reattached, therefore the genetic material is inverted

A chromosome with identical arms

Isochromosomes are known for chromosomes:

Rare type of translocation

In this situation, part of one chromosome inserts into a nonhomologous chromosome