The Respiratory System
What is quiet breathing called?
Eupnea
Hypoxia
Apnea
Dyspnea
Air passing from the pharynx to the trachea must pass through the:
Nasal cavity
Bronchi
Larynx
Diaphragm
What structure prevents food from entering the airway
Vestibular fold
Uvula
Laryngopharynx
Epiglottis
The membrane that adheres to the outer surface of the lungs is
Respiratory membrane
Visceral pleura
Parietal pleura
Mucosa
Which of the following delivers air to the lobes of the lungs?
Primary bronchi
Secondary bronchi
Tertiary bronchi
Terminal bronchioles
Ll of the following are part of the conduction zone EXCEPT
Main bronchi
Respiratory bronchioles
Segmental bronchioles
Terminal bronchioles
AN increase in the volume of a container filed with are would have what effect on the pressure of the container?
Increase the pressure
Decrease the pressure
No effect
A temporary effect
Surfactant decreases the _____ in the alveoli
Surface tension
Pressure
Compliance
Volume
Pressure and volume are inversely proportional
True
False
Where is the Adams apple found?
Carina Cartilage
Cricoid cartilage
Thyroid cartilage
Larynx
This volume of air remains in the lungs after maximal expiration
Vital capacity
Expiratory Reserve Volume
Tidal Volume
Residual Volume
Which of the following is NOT true about inspiration
The rib cage is elevated
The diaphragm is relaxed
Volume in the thoracic cavity has increased
Intrapulmonary pressure has decreased
A decrease in pH will have what effect on the respiration rate?
Decrease
Increase
No effect
No effect unless lung damage is present
Inspiration is a passive process
True
False
The largest gas contributor to atmospheric pressure is
N2
O2
CO2
H2
When holding our breath for a long time we get the urge to breathe due to:
An increase in pH.
An increase in CO2
A decrease in O2
A decrease in N2
Which of the following has the greatest effect on respiration rate?
PO2
PCO2
PN2
Both a and b have an equal effect
Apneustic breathing occurs as a result of damage to which respiratory center?
Dorsal respiratory group
Ventral respiratory group
Pontine respiratory group
Eupnea respiratory group
The inflation reflex depends upon stimulation of which type of receptor?
Mechanoreceptors
Thermoreceptors
Chemoreceptors
Nociceptors
Normal quiet respiration is controlled by the:
Pontine respiratory group.
Dorsal respiratory group.
Cerebral cortex.
Ventral respiratory group.
Which of the following will increase hemoglobin’s affinity for oxygen?
An increase in temperature
An increase in PCO2
The presence of some O2 already bound to the hemoglobin
A decrease in pH
The chloride shift refers to:
Chloride ions moving into or out of the red blood cell.
Chloride ions combining with bicarbonate ions.
Chloride ions being released from hemoglobin.
Chloride ions binding to hemoglobin.
What percent of bound O2 is unloaded during one systemic circulation
100%
70%
25%
20%
Hemoglobin has the highest affinity for which of the following?
O2
CO2
CO
H+
The left lung has more lobes than the right lung
True
False
Olfactory Epithelium is a part of the respiratory zone
True
False
Gas exchange is a function of the conducting zone
True
False
The majority of carbon dioxide is transported:
As bicarbonate ions.
Bound to hemoglobin.
Dissolved in the plasma.
As carbonic acid.
Low PO2 and high PCO2 in the alveoli will cause
Dilation of pulmonary capillaries and bronchioles.
Constriction of pulmonary capillaries and bronchioles.
Constriction of pulmonary capillaries and dilation of bronchioles.
Dilation of pulmonary capillaries and constriction of bronchioles.
The rate of oxygen diffusion across the respiratory membrane depends upon all of the following except:
Partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the blood.
The thickness of the respiratory membrane
Partial pressure of oxygen in the blood.
Partial pressure of oxygen in the alveoli.
Vital capacity equals
ERV + IRV + RV
TV + ERV + IRV
RV + ERV + IRV
TV + RV + IRV
The pressure exerted by each type of gas in a gas mixture is the __________ of that gas.
Partial percentage
Partial volume
Partial force
Partial pressure
When the diaphragm contracts
The intrapulmonary pressure increases
The intrapulmonary volume decreases
Exhalation will result
The diaphragm descends
Normal Tidal Volume of air is
1000 mL
It varies for men and women
200 mL
500 mL
Hyperventilation decreases CO2 levels in blood
True
False
What percentage of air is O2?
~21%
~28%
~50%
~75%
ATP production requires O2 and generates ___ as a waste product
H2O
CO2
H2CO3
H2O/CO2
Movement of air into and out of the lungs is
Inspiration
Expiration
Exhalation
Pulmonary Ventilation
Air in the conducting zone that never reaches the alveoli is
Dead space
Atelectasis
Tidal volume
Vital capacity
Terminal Bronchioles are larger than Respiratory bronchioles
True
False
Where is the mucociliary escalator is in the
Nasopharynx
Trachea
Larynx
Oropharynx
What is a function of the larynx?
Provides an open airway
Routes air and food into proper channels
Voice production
All are functions of the larynx
During inspiration, all of the following are true EXCEPT
Thoracic cavity volume decreases
Intrapulmonary volume increases
Intrapulmonary pressure decreases
Diaphragm contacts
Air moves into the lungs because gas pressure ____ than atmospheric pressure
Higher
Lower
Stays the same
Pnuemothroax is the presence of ___ in the plural cavity
Blood
air
Water
Bicarbonate ions
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