CS-5300 Practice Chapter 1

Every compiler converts a(n) ___ program to a(n) ___ program.

Programming language, executable language

source, target

Text, binary

What type of compilers do many Java interpreters use?

Clocked

Translating

Just-in-time

What do macros get converted into?

Target language statements

Optimized constructors

Source language statements

What does the assembler do?

Converts assembly code into machine code.

Collects the different files of the source code together.

Resolves external memory addresses.

What are the two main parts of a compiler?

Latent and realtime

Analysis and synthesis

Classifier and constructor

Symbolic and semantic

The analysis part of the compiler passes what two things on to the synthesis part?

Symbol representation and semantic table

Binary representation and structure table

Intermediate representation and symbol table

The synthesis part of a compiler is also called the

Back end.

Construction.

Core.

Target.

The symbol table is

Not really a table.

Used by all phases of the compiler.

Constructed by the synthesis part of the compiler.

Exponential in size.

Another name for scanning is

Searching.

Read-interpreting.

Lexical analysis.

In the lexical analyzer example in the book, what are the token names?

Position, initial, rate, 60, =, +, *

1, 2, 3, null

id, 60, =, +, *

Another name for parsing is

Syntax analysis.

Tree construction.

Semantic construction.

In a syntax tree an interior node represents

An argument.

A procedure.

An operation.

In the example in sections 1.2.1 and 1.2.2, what does <id, 3> represent?

Position

Rate

Syntax

In what stage is the syntax tree built?

Syntax analysis

Lexical analysis

Semantic analysis

In what stage does type checking occur?

Lexical analysis

Syntax analysis

Semantic analysis

The example on coercion uses

A boolean and a float.

A boolean and an integer.

An integer and a float.

Which is not an example of an intermediate representation?

Three-address code

Syntax tree

Symbol table

Which is not a reason given in the book to optimize code?

Target code that consumes less power

Faster target code

Readable target code

Shorter target code

Where are variable and procedure names stored?

Syntax tree

Registers

Symbol table

How can we support multiple target machines for a single source language?

Multiple passes for the front end

Multiple passes for the back end

Multiple front ends

Multiple back ends

In a generation classification of programming languages, Java is what?

Fourth-generation

Second-generation

First-generation

Third-generation

The problem of generating the optimal target code from a source program is

Quadratic.

Undecidable.

O(n).

Nearly solved.

Of the four design objectives of compiler optimizations, which is the most important?

Performance improvement

Engineering effort

Compile time

Correctness

What do finite-state machines and regular expressions model?

Keywords and identifiers

Optimal register allocation

Semantic constructs

What early feature of the C programming language was useful early on but actually could result in inefficient code if used today?

Structs

Bit packing

The register keyword

The boolean type

What compiler optimizations analyze the flow of data through a program?

Control-structure optimizations

Data-flow optimizations

Control-flow optimizations

Java has many features listed in the reading that make programming easier. What is true about all of them?

They guarantee against out-of-bounds errors.

They incur run-time overhead.

They also simplify many aspects of the back-end of the compiler.

What can be found in most computers both at the instruction level and at the processor level?

Pipelining

Parallelism

Stream allocation

According to the book, what is probably the single most important problem in optimizing a program?

Supporting different architectures

Using registers effectively

Instruction parallelism

In the old days, compilers were developed _______ computer architecture design.

During

After

Before

The x86 processor

Has a CISC instruction set but it is most effective when only its simple instructions are used.

Has a RISC instruction set but it is most effective when only its simple instructions are used.

Has a CISC instruction set, which is best utilized when it's more sophisticated instructions are used.

What did Apple use to allow software written for the Motorola MC 68040 processor to run on the PowerPC?

Binary translation

Virtual machines

Compatible instruction sets

Static error checkers using data flow analysis are different from optimizers in what respect? Choose the best answer.

Optimizers never get it wrong.

Error checkers are sound.

Optimizers happen after runtime.

Bounds checking

Is best done using a compiler-independent runtime tool.

Protects against buffer overflow attacks.

Is used in the C programming language.

static in a Java class declaration means the variable will be stored in memory

Temporarily.

With the class declaration.

With each object instantiation.

What maps names to locations (variables) in memory (the store)?

Location dictionary

State

Environment

What maps memory locations to values?

Value dictionary

Environment

State

A procedure

Does not return a value.

Always returns a value.

Is the same as a function.

In C, a top-level variable is in scope everywhere in the program following the declaration except

In functions with an identically-named variable.

In polymorphic classes.

In functions that are static.

What is block structure?

Structs and classes being defined using blocks

Data hiding in structs by restricting access

Nesting blocks inside of other blocks

In figure 1.10, what is the scope of declaration of the following code?

int b=1;

B₁

B₁-B₂

B₁ and B₃

B₁ and B₄

In figure 1.10, what are the surrounding blocks of variables a and b used in block B₄?

B₂, B₁

B₄

B₄, B₂, B₁

All 4 blocks

An example of dynamic scoping is

Polymorphic procedures.

Block structure.

User input scenarios.

Which is true?

Actual parameters are known at compile time.

Actual parameters are associated with formal parameters.

Formal parameters are the parameter values.

Java uses

A logistic symbol table.

Pointer arithmetic.

Call-by-value.

When would someone use the ref keyword in C++?

When desiring dynamic scope

When passing a large object to a function

When copying an array

Calling a C++ function f(ref x, ref x) is an example of

Aliasing.

Polymorphism.

Pass-by-value.

CS-5300 Practice Chapter 1

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