Anatomy neck
What is true about the platysma muscle?
It is a thick muscular sheath embedded in the superficial fascia
It is a thin muscular sheath embedded in the superficial fascia
Some of its fibers blend with the muscle at the angle of the mouth
It is inserted on the lower margin of the body of the maxilla
It inserts on the lower margin of the mandible, skin of buccal / chin region, lower lip, modiolus, orbicalis, oris muscle
It is innervated by branches of the cervical plexus
It is innervated by the facial nerve
Which of the following statements concerning the sternocleidomastoid muscles action is true?
Contraction of one muscle pulls the ear down to the tip of the shoulder on the same side and rotates the head so that the face looks upward to the opposite side
Both muscles acting together extend the head at the antero-occipital joint
Both muscles can flex the cervical part of the vertebral column
Contraction of one muscle can lift the arm on the same side
The two muscles can act as accessory muscles of inspiration
Which of the following triangles is bounded by the sternocleidomastoid muscle
Carotid triangle
Muscular triangle
Digastric triangle
Anterior triangle
Posterior triangle
The anterior triangle of the neck can be subdivided into smaller triangles by:
The anterior and posterior bellies of the digastric muscle
The superior and inferior bellies of the omohyoid muscles
The inferior belly of the omohyoid
All of the above
None of the above
The floor of the digastric triangle is formed by the following muscles:
Mylohyoid and hyoglossus
Geniohyoid and hyoglossus
Stylohyoid and genioglossus
Styloglossus and mylohyoid
Digastric and stylohyoid
The muscular triangle is bounded by:
The midline of the neck; medially
The sternohyoid muscle
The sternocleidomastoid muscle; laterally
Superior belly of the omohyoid; superiorly
The transverse cutaneous nerve
Hooks around the accessory nerve
Emerges from behind the middle of the anterior border of the SCM
Emerges from the posterior border of the SCM
Passes backward across the SCM
Curves horizontally around the anterior border of the SCM
Supplies the skin of the anterior triangle of the neck
External jugular vein
EJV begins behind the mandibular angle, below the parotid gland
Formed by the union of the posterior auricular vein with the posterior division of the retromandibular vein
Descends across the sternocleidomastoid muscle
EJV pierces the deep fascia and drains the subclavian vein
Anterior jugular vein
Begins below the confluence of superficial submandibular veins by the union of several small veins
AJV runs down the neck close to the midline and anterior margin of the SCM
Anterior jugular vein drains into the EJV and sometimes the subclavian vein
What is true about the subclavian artery?
It is divided into three parts by the pectoralis minor muscle
The right artery begins behind the right acromioclavicular joint
The right artery arises from the brachiocephalic trunk
The right artery is shorter than the left one
The left artery arises from the aortic arch
The subclavian artery is divided into three parts by the presence of the scalenus posterior muscle
The first part lies superficially, covered only by the skin and fascia
In the second part the subclavian artery is covered by the SCM
What is true about the arteries?
The axillary artery is divided into three parts by the pectoralis minor muscle
The brachiocephalic trunk begins behind the acromioclavicular joint
The left subclavian artery arises from the ascending part of the aorta
The axillary artery continues as the supreme thoracic artery
The dorsal scapular artery usually has no branches
Which artery arises from the first part of the subclavian artery?
Vertebral artery
Thyrocervical trunk
Internal thoracic artery
Costocervical trunk
Lateral thoracic artery
Which artery arises from the second part of the subclavian artery?
Internal thoracic artery
Vertebral artery
Inferior thyroid artery
Superior intercostal artery
The second part of the subclavian artery usually has no branches
All of the following arteries are branches of the thyrocervical trunk:
Superficial cervical artery
Deep cervical artery
Transverse cervical artery
Suprascapular artery
All of the above are branches
Which of the following vessels is a branch of the inferior thyroid artery
Deep cervical artery
Inferior laryngeal artery
Muscular branches
None of the above
All of the above
Which of the following statements concerning the costocervical trunk is true?
It arises from the front of the second part of the subclavian artery
It usually divides into two arteries
One of its branches supplies the muscles of the neck
One of its branches gives rise to the posterior intercostal arteries of the 1st and 2nd intercostal spaces
The subclavian vein
Lies below and in front of the subclavian artery
Is covered by the scalenus anterior muscle
Lies below and behind the subclavian artery
Passes in front of the clavicle
Passes below the clavicle
What is true?
The vertebral artery arises from the upper margin of the subclavian artery
The thyrocervical trunk is a short and wide vessel
The costocervical trunk arises from the back of the second part of the subclavian artery
The carotid sinus has a thicker tunica media than elsewhere
What is true about the carotid sinus?
It may be situated at the points of division of the common carotid artery
It may be situated at the beginning of the internal carotid artery
It may be situated at the beginning of the external carotid artery
It serves as a reflex pressoreceptor mechanism; baroreceptor
Its wall is innervated by the branch og the glossopharyngeal nerve
What is true about the phrenic nerve?
It begins in the submandibular triangle
It begins at the nerve roots of C3-C5; ventral rami
Leads sensory, motoric and postganglionic sympathetic fibers
Passes in front of the scalenus anterior muscle
Lies on the anterior surface of the prevertebral layer of the deep cervical fascia
Enters the thorax in front of the subclavian artery
At the place of bifurcation of the common carotid artery you can find:
Carotid sinus; a pressoreceptor
Carotid body; a chemoreceptor
The hyoid bone
Numerous nerve endings derived from the glossopharyngeal nerve
What is true about the ansa cervicalis?
Is formed by the 1st, 2nd and 3rd cervical nerves
Lies on the anterior surface of the carotid sheath
Supplies all the infrahyoid muscles
Has a superior and inferior root
Which muscle is innervated by the ansa cervicalis?
Sternothyroid
Sternohyoid
Inferior belly of omohyoid muscle
Superior belly of omohyoid muscle
What is innervated by the short branches of the cervical plexus?
Scalenus anterior
Scalenus medius
Scalenus posterior
Rectus capitis
Which arteries can be found in the carotid trigone?
Facial artery
Lingual artery
Ascending pharyngeal artery
Occipital artery
Inferior thyroid artery
Superior thyroid artery
Which of the following veins is a tributary of the internal jugular vein?
Superficial temporal vein
Maxillary vein
Occipital vein
Retromandibular vein
Facial vein
What is true about the superior thyroid artery?
Pierces the thyrohyoid membrane
Gives off the suprahyoid branch
Gives off the inferior laryngeal artery
Anastomoses with the ascending pharyngeal artery
Anastomoses with the inferior thyroid artery
The internal jugular vein:
Begins just behind the angle of the mandible
Begins just below the chin
Receives blood from the brain, face and the thyroid gland
Is a continuation of the superior petrosal sinus
The thyroid gland may be supplied by:
Superior thyroid artery; branch of the subclavian artery
Inferior thyroid artery; branch of external
Thyroidea ima artery from the brachiocephalic artery of from the aortic arch
All of the above
None of the above
The external carotid artery lies medially to the:
The wall of the pharynx
Stylopharyngeus muscle
Glossopharyngeal nerve
All of the above
None of the above
Which muscles are attached to the oblique line of the thyroid cartilage?
Sternothyroid
Thyrohyoid
Inferior constrictor of the pharynx
Thyroarytenoid
Thyroepiglottic
What is true about the cricothyroid ligament?
Its superior margin forms the vocal ligament
It is the upper part of the fibroelastic membrane of the larynx
It forms the cricotracheal ligament
It is attached below the upper margin of the ring of the cricoid cartilage
Its anterior part is thick and joins the cricoid and thyroid cartilages
Which of the following is true about the cartilages that form the larynx?
Thyroid cartilage; forms a complete ring
Cricoid cartilage; arch posteriorly to the lamina
Arytenoid cartilages; at the back of the larynx
Thyroid cartilage; surrounds the anterior and lateral portions
Cricoid cartilage; arch anteriorly to the lamina
Epiglottic cartilage; built as the only hyaline cartilage
Thyroid cartilage; hyaline cartilage
The inlet of the larynx is bounded by:
The upper margin of the hyoid bone in front
Upper margin of epiglottis in the front
The lingual surface of the epiglottis anteriorly
The base of the tongue posteriorly
The pharyngoepiglottic folds laterally
The aryepiglottic fold laterally
The vestibular ligaments are formed by:
The upper margin of the quadrangular membrane
The lower margin of the quadrangular membrane
The rima glottidis is bounded by:
The inlet of the larynx
The vestibular folds
The vocal processes of the arytenoid cartilages
The quadrangular membrane
The pharyngeal plexus is formed by:
Glossopharyngeal nerve
Vagus nerve
Hypoglossus nerve
Facial nerve
Sympathetic nerves
The parapharyngeal space has the following walls which are limited by:
Anterior wall; medial pterygoid muscle
Anterior wall; ramus of the mandible
Posterior wall; parotid glands capsule
Medial wall; pharynx
Posterior wall; prevertebral layer of the cervical fascia
Structures located in the parapharyngeal space:
Internal jugular vein
External carotid artery
Ascending pharyngeal artery
Glossopharyngeal nerve
Vagus nerve
The inferior constrictor of the pharynx is attached to:
The lesser and greater horn of the hyoid bone
Lamina of the thyroid cartilage and pharyngeal raphe
Cricoid cartilage and stylohyoid ligament
Pharyngeal raphe and pterygomandibular ligament
Cricoid cartilage and pharyngeal tubercle
The piriform fossa:
Inferiorly is limited by the cricoid cartilage
Medially is limited by the thyroid cartilage
Medially is limited by the aryepiglottic fold and the cricoid cartilage
Contains a fold of the internal branch of the superior laryngeal nerve
All of the structures below are situated in the parapharyngeal space except:
Internal carotid artery
Accessory nerve
Hypoglossus nerve
Vagus nerve
Common carotid artery
Which is a branch of the superior cervical ganglion?
Internal carotid plexus
Facial artery plexus
Vertebral artery plexus
Superior cardiac nerve
Pharyngeal branches
Laryngeal branches
Which is a branch of the vagus nerve?
Internal laryngeal
External laryngeal
Inferior laryngeal
Superior laryngeal
Recurrent laryngeal
The glossopharyngeal nerve can be found in:
The posterior cervical space
The middle cervical space
The anterior cervical space
Supraclavicular space
The superior cervical ganglion:
Receives preganglionic fibers from the lateral horn of the C1-C4 segments of the spinal cord
Gives white communicating fibers to the C1-C4 nerves
Lies on the posterior surface of the transverse processes of the cervical part of the vertebral column
Gives postganglionic branches to the organs of the thorax
The middle cervical ganglion:
Lies on the anterior surface of the C4 transverse process
Receives preganglionic fibers from the thoracic segment of the spinal cord
Gives the internal carotid nerve
Gives the jugular nerve
The inferior cervical ganglion:
Gives branches to the ansa cervicalis
Is the biggest cervical ganglion
Lies on the inferior border of the thyroid gland
Gives branches to the subclavian artery
The esophagus lies in front of:
The prevertebral layer of the deep cervical fascia
The longus colli muscle
Trachea
Carotid sheath
Parathyroid glands
Which of the statements concerning the trachea in the neck is true?
The blood supply is derived mainly from the superior thyroid artery
The blood supply is derived mainly from the inferior thyroid artery
The lymph vessels drain into the pretracheal and paratracheal nodes
The nerve supply is from the glossopharyngeal nerve
The nerve supply is from the recurrent laryngeal nerve
The esophagus begins:
At the level of the thyroid cartilage
At the level of the cricoid cartilage
Opposite the body of the fourth and sixth cranial vertebrae
In the neck in the midline, and it inclines to the left side
Which of the following structures lie laterally to the trachea?
Istmus of the thyroid gland
Lobes of the thyroid gland
Inferior thyroid veins
Esophagus
The thyroidea ima artery
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