CHAPTER AFRICA

In 1963, 32 countries established an interstate continental organization in Addis Ababa. Every year, the General Assembly meets with the heads of state or government. It aims to improve the continuity and cooperation of peace on the continent. The Special Peace Fund, the Asylum Seekers Fund and the Fund for the fight against hunger were processed. In 1981 and 1999, the African Declaration of Human Rights was published. This organization has been working since 1991 (targeted 2025) for the African Common Market - Pan African Parliament - Court of Justice. What is the name of the interstate cooperation organization of this continent?

During the decolonization period in Africa, many new states were established. Most of the people in Black Africa chose the flag colors (yellow, green, red) of Abyssinia (then name: Ethiopia), the oldest independent state there, to emphasize the unity of fate: Mali, Rwanda, Ethiopia, Congo, Zambia, Mauritius, Benin, Cameroon, Ghana, Togo, Guinea, Senegal, Mali. What is the idealistic thought that makes the choice of these colors common, and which movement does it represent? Where is the center of the continental African Union, of which 55 countries are members?

The United Nations (UN) supported programs to combat the tradition of the Female Genital Mutilation, which for 200 years involved women; but partial success. The well-known Senegalese director Osman Sebene attended the 2004 Cannes film festival with a film about it (Moolaade-Protection), which drew public attention. The campaign's most notable book: Desert Flower. The author, Somali model Waris Dirie, wrote another book called My Country. (The Desert Flower Foundation was established as an NGO.) In which geographic area is this intense, traditional, negative-sexist traditional cultural attitude maintained?

The island of Goree, just across Dakar, the westernmost point of the continent, was the center of African slave trade. Prison and merchant mansions are still standing and are now open to visitors as a museum under the protection of UNESCO. 12 million slaves sent to America, the last separation point of the ships carrying them in this place now every year on August 23 to commemorate the suffering of slavery activities are held. This country is the only African society that has been able to live in democracy for fifty-five years since its independence. “Youssou N’dour the most famous singer alive in Africa” (Rolling Stone). What is the country known for its independence as the poet leader and the rally competition in the Sahara?

There are 22 Arab countries, most have emerged with the decolonialism process and most of them have chosen (Egypt is the only independent country at that time, so colours of it) black-white-red colors for their political flags. (Green has also been added to them as Islamic color.) What influential political movement did these colors represent during the twentieth century?

€�…………………. Is the second largest rain forest in the world and the second richest biosphere in the world. Due to the tropical climate, the water level / amount of the seventh long river (equivalent to the sum of the Euphrates-Tigris) is very high. The river surrounds the region and integrates the basin with its tributaries. There are two capitals facing the coast and two countries bearing the name of the river. Peoples are from the Bantu ethnic and language group.

The Durbar Ceremony in the cities of Kano, Katsina and Bide is the cavalry parade of local warriors in showy colorful clothing. The ceremony has become the end of Ramadan festival. The British colonial parade in India was first held in this African country in 1911, in the northern provinces, which were formerly the organization of local nobility. During the colonial period, this cultural demonstration for the hearts of the local gentlemen and the orders was repeated from time to time for various reasons. It was re-evaluated and staged at the Second World Black and African Art and Culture Festival (Festac 77). This show, like the Bornu Empire, is reminiscent of the times of historical pride and represents the unity of the regional orders and people. In which big country are Durbar ceremonies held?

€�The process of integration” required Europe to reshape its commercial relations with trans-oceanic countries, which have long been linked to France and Britain. These 79 countries are defined as the group of countries that maintain preferential trade relations with the European Union. The relationship, which began with the Treaty of Lome in 1975, was developed with the Lome conventions in the years 81-82-90. According to the Lome status between the Group and the EU, trade-export guarantees and technical-financial assistance are provided between the parties through the European Development Fund. However, this support remained weak. What is the name of the group?

€�……………………………….. Is the policy that has shaped the relations between the long-term white minority and the non-white majority in the Republic of South Africa. It ensured to isolate races and ethnicities from each other and to protect the privileges of whites. This practice, which is called a “separate development”, became operational with the 1950 Population Law. Black - Hybrid, Asian (Color) - White classifications were made and rights restrictions were imposed and people's occupation, worship, marriage and free choice were restricted. Blacks were forced to live in separate areas called Bantuland. In 1961, the GAC was expelled from the Commonwealth for racism. In 1961, the GAC was expelled from the Commonwealth for racism. The struggle continued with the establishment of the United Democratic Front (1983) when passive resistance was suppressed by blood; eventually Nelson Mandela, the leader of the democratic front, was released, and elected “president” of the RSA, so this discrimination policy was formally terminated in 1992. (Read: Ezekiel Mphahlele’s novel: “Down 2nd Avenue”)

The organization was established in 1945 by a treaty signed in Cairo. Cultural, economic and defense agreements were added to this. The aim was to prevent mutual use of force and to take action together in case of attack. The Secretariat works with special advisory committees. In the Council of Ministers of Foreign Affairs, each country is represented by one vote, and unanimous decisions are binding. (Egypt's membership was suspended from 1979-89, as it signed a peace agreement with Israel. At that time, the center moved from Cairo to Tunisia.) In addition, they have a council of economy and finance ministers aimed at the customs union. What is the name of this interstate organization with 22 member states?