Dental research 1
Who among the following introduce the concept of relationship of environment with human health?
Avicenna
Chakara
Hippocrates
Paracelsus
Jing snow
Sickness is a state of
Social dysfunction
Subjective state of a person feeling unwell
Impaired physiological function
Impaired psychological function
All of the above
Disease causation is best explained by
Theory of one to one relationship between causal agent and disease
Supernatural theory of disease
Empirical theory of disease causation
Multi factorial theory of disease causation
All of the above
Course of a disease process without any intervention is the definition of
Spectrum of disease
Epidemiology of disease
Natural history of disease
Iceberg phenomenon
All of the above
Morbidity in a community can best be estimated by
Active surveillance
Sentinel surveillance
Passive surveillance
Monitoring
Evaluation
Which of prevention is applicable for implementation in a population without any risk factors?
Primordial prevention
Secondary prevention
Tertiary prevention
All of the above
All of the following are methods of health promotion except
Nutritional education
Immunization
Behavioral changes
Healthful housing
All of the above
In a community an increase in new case of a particular disease is due to
Increase in incidence rate
Increasing in prevalence rate
Both of the above
None of the above
Increasing in mortality rate
The most effective tool for measuring incidence of a disease community is
Case control study
Cohort study
Cross sectional study
Cross over study
Experimental study
Prevalence of a disease depends upon the following
Incidence
Duration
Both of the above
None of the above
All of the above are not correct
Study of time, place and person distribution of health related events is known as
Descriptive epidemiology
Experimental epidemiology
Analytical epidemiology
Clinical epidemiology
Community epidemiology
The mean is
The best representation for every set of data
The middlemost score
The most frequently occurring score
The statistical or arithmetic average
All of the above
Measure of central tendency are
Descriptive statistics that identify the spread of the scores in a data set
Inferential statistics that identify the spread of the scores in a data set
Inferential statistics that identify the best single value for representing a set of data
Descriptive statistics that identify the best value for representing a set of data
All of the above
Descriptive statistics is
The number of objectives
The methods used to describe the essential characteristics of the data
About whether or not you can generalize from a sample
All of these things
All are not correct
Inferential statistics refers to
Things like predicting one's next electricity bill
How people can be differentiated from each other
Relying on philosophers
The confidence with which we can generalize from samples
All of the above
Numerical measurements is like
Scores
Category measurement
Physical measurement like height
The number of people with blonde hair
All of the above
A frequency is:
A set of scores
The number of individuals in a particular category
A score
A variable which occurs of ten
A population
Nominal data are
A. Score
B. sampling
People's name
Small amounts of data
Categories with cannot be ordered from smallest to largest
The need for inferential statistical methods derives from the need for....
Probability
Correlation
Population
Association
Sampling
Statistics is essential to psychologists because
People differ a lot and in many respects
It is compulsory
Experience are rare the same
By using statistics can claim to be the researchers
Experiences are much the same
What is the advantage of using SPSS over calculating statistics by hand?
This is how most quantitative data analysis is done in "real research" nowadays
It reduces the chance of making errors in your calculations
It equips you with a useful transferable skill
All of the above
A population in statistical terms, is the totality of thing under consideration. It is the collection of all values of the that ins under study.
Instance
Variable
Amount
Measure
Group
Sampling in simply a process of learning about the on the basic of a sample drawn from it
Census
Prevalence
Group
Area
Population
Which one of the following is the most accurate?
Interval data assumes research need a rest break
Experience are rare the same
Psychologists prefer category data
There is a subtle distinction between category and nominal data
There is a difference interval and ratio data
In SPSS, what is the "Data Viewer"?
A table summarizing the frequencies of data for one variable
A spreadsheet into which data can be entered
A dialog box that allows you to choose a statistical test
A screen in which variables can be defined and labeled
What are the main points to write the literature review?
Literature review which responds to question of Who, When, What, Where
Literature review which responds to question of When, Where, Why
Literature review which responds to question of When, Why. What, How
Literature review which responds to question of Who. When, What, Why
Literature review which responds to question of When, What, where, why
How is a variable name different from a variable label?
It is shorter and less detailed
It is longer and more detailed
It is abstract and unspecific
It refers to codes rather than variables
Ordinal data are like
Categories
Proportion
The amount of time the fourth person in the race book
Ratio data
First, second, third, fourth last
The number of questions that members of a class get right on this multiple choice test is an example of
Nominal data
Ranking
Standard deviation
Ordinal data
A score
What does the operation "Recode Into Different Variables" do to the data?
Replaces missing data with some random scores
Reverses the position of the independent and dependent variable on a graph
Redistributes a range of values into a new set of categories and creates a new variable
Represents the data in the form of a pie chart
How would you use the drop-down menus in SPss to generate a frequency table?
Open the Output Viewer and click: Save As; Pie Chart
Click on: Analyze: Descriptive Statistics; Frequencies
Click on: Graphs; Frequencies. Pearson
Open the Variable Viewer and recode the value labels
Why might you tell SPss to represent the "slices" of a pie chart in different patterns?
Because the program tends to crash if you ask it to use color
Because the patterns form symbolic visual images of different social groups
In order to make full use of the facilities that SPSS can offer
If you do not have a color printer, it makes the differences between the slices clearer
When cross-tabulating two variables, it is conventional to:
Represent the independent variable in rows and the dependent variable in columns
Assign both the dependent and independent variables to columns
Represent the dependent variable in rows and the independent variable in columns
Assign both the dependent and independent variables to rows
In which sub-dialog box can the Chi Square test be found?
Frequencies: Percentages
Crosstabs: Statistics
Bivariate: Pearson
Gender: Female
To generate a Spearman's rho test, which set of instructions should you give SPSS?
Analyze; Crosstabs; Descriptive Statistics; Spearman: OK
Graphs, Frequencies; [select variables]; Spearman OK
Analyze; Compare Means; Anova table; First layer; Spearman: OK
Analyze; Correlate; Bivariate; [select variables] Spearman; OK
How would you print a bar chart that you have just produced in SPSS?
In Output Viewer, click File, Print, select the bar chart and click OK
N Variable Viewer, open bar chart, click File, Print, OK
In Chart Editor, click Descriptive Statistics, Print, OK
In Data Editor, open Graphs dialog box, click Save, OK
What are does DMFT stand for:
Total mean of tooth and Total prevalence of tooth
Total prevalence of tooth
Decay, Missing, Filling and teeth
Decay, Missing, Filling, Surface
Decay, Missing, Filling, Surface and Total mean of tooth
For writing up your synthesis of the literature
To read, reflect ( thinking with the title), identigy (main themes), categorize by them, categorize by sub-themes
To write, read, identify, reflect.
To read, reflect (thinking with title), categorize by them, categorize by sub-themes
Reference, thinking,
Writing, identify and title
What the origin of a research question:
Mastering the literature
Being alert to new ideas and technique
Mastering the literature, being alert to new ideas and technique,Keeping the imagination.
Keeping the imagination
Mastering the literature and being alert to new ideas and technique
What's FINER stand for?
Feasible, Interesting, Novel, Ethical and Relevant
Favorite, Interesting. Novel, Ethical and Relevant
Feasible, Investigating, Need, Ethical and Relevant
Feasible, Inspiriting, Novel, Ethical and Relevant
Feasible, Interesting, Novel, Ethical and Realistic
What are the 5 types for written the references of research?
Book or article of scientific
Thesis
Internet
Contact person and Journal
All are corrects
When a citation includes more than authors only the surname of the first author is cited followed by et al
3
4
5
6
When referencing other works you have cited within the text of the report you should:
Tate the first and last name of the author
Use the author, date citation method
Use an asterisk and a footnote
Insert the complete citation in parenthesis
Which of the following abbreviations can be used in a research report?
DT for dental decay
Sec. For second
Yr. For year
Mo, for month
Editorial style specifies that ______ should be used infrequently or sparingly.
Italics
Abbreviations
Headings
Abbreviations and Headings
The factor that should determine whether you decide to prepare a research report of you study for a conference or for publication is
Whether the study is free from flaws
Whether the study is important enough to justify presentation or publication
Whether others would be interested in the work
All of the above
Which of the following is not true about the use of language in research reports?
You should choose accurate and clear words that are free from bias
Ou should avoid labeling people whenever possible
Ou should avoid using the term "subjects" whenever possible
All of the above are true according to the UHS Guidelines
Which of the following is not one of the seven major parts to the research report?
Results
Abstract
Method
Footnotes
It is in this section that you fully interpret and evaluate your results
Introduction
Method
Results
Discussion
Where do you provide a step-by-step account of what the researcher and participants did during the research study?
Introduction
Abstract
Procedure
Design
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