Chapter 41: Antihyperlipidemics and Peripheral Vasodilators
Understanding Antihyperlipidemics and Peripheral Vasodilators
Test your knowledge on antihyperlipidemics and peripheral vasodilators with this comprehensive quiz designed for healthcare professionals and students. Gain insights into medications, patient management, and treatment strategies essential for managing hyperlipidemia and vascular disorders.
Covering various aspects, this quiz includes:
- Medication classifications and side effects
- Patient education and management strategies
- Clinical scenarios for real-world application
1. A female patient has serum lipid levels performed, which reveal a total cholesterol of 285 mg/dL, triglycerides of 188 mg/dL, a low-density lipoprotein (LDL) of 175 mg/dL, and a high-density lipoprotein (HDL) of 40 mg/dL. The patient’s blood pressure is 138/72 mm Hg. The patient is currently not receiving any prescription medications. Which of the following would be the most appropriate medication (or medications) to be started at this time?
A. Amlodipine and atorvastatin (Caduet)
B. Colestipol HCl (Colestid)
C. Fenofibrate (TriCor)
D. Atorvastatin (Lipitor)
2. A patient has a serum cholesterol level of 270 mg/dL. The patient asks the nurse what this level means. Which response by the nurse is correct?
A. “You have a high cholesterol which places you at risk for coronary artery disease.”
B. “You have a moderately elevated cholesterol and risk for coronary artery disease.”
C. “You have a low risk for coronary artery disease.”
D. “You have no risk for coronary artery disease.”
3. A patient begins taking cholestyramine (Questran) to treat hyperlipidemia. The patient reports abdominal discomfort and constipation. The nurse will provide which instruction to the patient?
A. Increase fluid intake and slowly increase fiber intake.
B. Stop taking the medication immediately.
C. Take an over-the-counter laxative.
D. Take the medication on an empty stomach.
4. A patient has been taking cholestyramine (Questran) to treat hyperlipidemia. The patient reports abdominal cramping and constipation. The patient’s serum low-density lipoprotein (LDL) has decreased from 170 to 110 mg/dL, and triglycerides have not changed from 150 mg/dL since beginning the medication. The provider changes the medication to colesevelam HCl (Welchol). The patient asks the nurse why the medication was changed, and the nurse will explain that colesevelam HCl is ordered for which reason?
A. It has fewer side effects.
B. It has more convenient dosing.
C. It provides greater LDL reduction.
D. It provides greater triglyceride reduction.
5. A patient is admitted to the hospital, and the provider orders gemfibrozil (Lopid) 600 mg twice daily, 30 minutes prior to meals. The nurse learns that the patient takes warfarin (Coumadin) once daily. The nurse will contact the provider to discuss
A. Decreasing the dose of gemfibrozil.
B. Giving the warfarin at noon.
C. Increasing the dose of warfarin.
D. Ordering frequent INR levels.
6. A patient begins taking nicotinic acid (Niacin) and reports dizziness and flushing of the skin. The nurse will perform which action?
A. Recommend that the patient take a baby aspirin with their niacin dose.
B. Counsel the patient to increase fluid intake.
C. Request an order for renal function tests.
D. Schedule the medication to be taken with meals.
7. A patient has been taking atorvastatin (Lipitor) for several months to treat hyperlipidemia. The patient reports severe muscle weakness and tenderness. The nurse will counsel the patient to do which of the following?
A. Ask the provider about switching to simvastatin.
B. Contact the provider to report these symptoms.
C. Start taking ibuprofen to combat these effects.
D. Stop taking the medication immediately.
8. The nurse provides teaching to a patient who will begin taking simvastatin (Zocor) to treat hyperlipidemia. Which statement by the patient indicates understanding of the teaching?
A. “I may have diarrhea as a result of taking this medication.”
B. “I may stop taking this medication when my lipid levels are normal.”
C. “I will need an annual eye examination while taking this medication.”
D. “I will increase my intake of vitamins A, D, and E while taking this medication.
9. A patient, who has intermittent claudication, has been taking 100 mg of cilostazol (Pletal) twice times daily with meals for 2 weeks. The patient calls the clinic and reports continued pain in both legs during exercise. How will the nurse advise the patient?
A. “It can take from 2-12 weeks for the medication to help with your claudication symptoms.”
B. “Notify the provider of the continued pain and request increasing the dose.”
C. “You should stop the medication immediately since it is not working.”
D. “Take the medication right before you exercise for best effects.”
10. A patient will begin taking simvastatin (Zocor) to decrease serum cholesterol. When teaching the patient about this medication, the nurse will counsel the patient to take which action?
A. Return to the clinic annually for laboratory testing.
B. Take care when rising from a sitting to standing position.
C. Take the medication in the evening for best effect.
D. Use ibuprofen as needed for severe muscle aches and pain.
11. A patient will begin taking rosuvastatin (Crestor) to treat hyperlipidemia. The patient asks the nurse how to take the medication for best effect. Which statement by the nurse is correct?
A. “Increase your fluid intake while taking this medication.”
B. “Stop taking the medication if you develop muscle aches.”
C. “Take the medication with food to improve absorption.”
D. “You may increase dietary fat while taking this medication.”
12. A patient has been prescribed cilostazol. Which statement by the client indicates the need for further teaching?
A. “I can take the medication with food if it causes nausea.”
B. “This medication is used to improve blood flow.”
C. “I can continue to take ginkgo biloba to improve my memory.”
D. “I should be cautious when standing.”
1. A patient with high cholesterol is ordered to take atorvastatin (Lipitor). What information will be included in the patient teaching? (Select all that apply.)
A. Dietary management is not a priority with this medication.
B. The medication should be taken on an empty stomach.
C. The medicine should be taken with a full glass of water.
D. The patient should watch for body aches or gastrointestinal upset as side effects.
E. The patient should have renal function tests frequently.
F. The patient should have liver function tests frequently.
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