Why we sleep

What factors determine when you want to sleep and when you want to be awake?

Temperature of the environment

Circadian rhythm

Amount of the chemical melatonin building up in your brain

Amount of the chemical adenosine building up in your brain

What happens to your body’s temperature if you are still awake during times you are usually sleep e.g. 3am?

It raises to accomodate to the fact that you are awake

It lowers to try to make you fall into sleep

It remains the same as if you were sleep

Is it genetically true that “morning people” and “night owls” exist?

Yes. It is strongly determined by genetics

No, it is determined by habit

Yes, only in environments with particular temperatures and heights

According to the studies presented about sleep in airplane cabin crews, what results emerged?

They had developed a small version of the usual circadian rythm

Parts of the brain, specially related to learning and memory had shrunk

Their short-term memory was significantly impaired

Their long-term memory was significantly impaired

The author presents a sleep cycle divided in 5 parts of 90 minutes. How is each each half of this cycle divided?

During the first half the mayority is deep REM sleep and the second half the mayority is NREM sleep

During the first half the mayority is deep NREM sleep and the second half the mayority is REM sleep

Both halves are dominated by NREM sleep and at the end have a small REM sleep period

What species don’t experience sleep?

None, all species present some kind of sleep

Deep sea fishes and some types of bats

Those of a lifespan longer than 1 month

How does the sleep pattern in most adults differ between people living in developed nations vs cultures untouched by electricity?

The former takes a single bout of slumber at night (7-8 hours) while the latter sleeps a longer period of sleep

The former takes a single bout of slumber at night (7-8 hours) while the latter also takes a similarly l onger sleep period at night followed by a thirty- to sixty minute nap in the afternoon

The former takes a single bout of slumber at night (7-8 hours) while the latter sleeps a shorter period of sleep

How does our sleep time differ from that of other primates?

Other primates have a longer sleep cycle but the percentage of NREM sleep we have compared to REM sleep is disproportionally higher

Other primates have a shorter sleep cycle but the percentage of REM sleep we have compared to NREM sleep is disproportionally higher

Other primates have a longerc sleep cycle but the percentage of NREM sleep we have compared to REM sleep is disproportionally higher

Other primates have a shorter sleep cycle but the percentage of NREM sleep we have compared to REM sleep is disproportionally higher

How does the sleep patterns of children with autism differ from chilren without it?

They don’t differ

Their melatonin levels are irregular and have a surplus of REM sleep

Their melatonin levels are irregular and have a shortage of REM sleep

How does the circadian rhythm of young children, adolescents and adults differ. Lower meaning that the group wakes up and sleeps earlier and higher meaning that the group wakes up and sleeps later.

Young children have a lower circadian rhythm than adults but higher than adolescents

Young children have a lower circadian rhythm and adolescents have a lower circadian rhythm thanadults

Young children have a lower circadian rhythm and adolescents have a higher circadian rhythm than adults

Why do older adults seem to obtain less sleep?

Since their bodies require less energy compared to their younger counterparts, their body doesn’t generate as much

Their bodies are unable to obtain as much sleep

Defining sleep eficiency as percentage of time you were sleep while in bed.How does sleep efficiency relate to mortality risk

It doesn’t

The lower sleep efficiency the higher the mortality risk

The lower sleep efficiency the higher the mortality risk if the efficiency is lower in the first half of the sleep cycle

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