Micro chapter 9-12

The use of living cells to make useful products

Anyalyzed DNA sequences to reunite children with relatives

Clone gene for specific proteins

Chymosin ( enzyme from stomachs of calves

Engineered plants and animals

The process of determining the nucleotide sequence of a DNA molecule

What locate specific nucleotide sequences

What allows detectiion of clonies that have specific sequence of DNA

Bacteria classified by shape

Relationships determined by comparing physical traits, nucleotide sequences

Prokaryotes divided into two major groups based upon ribosomal RNA sequences

The science that studies organisms to arrange them into groups, or taxa

What is evolutionary relatedness

What can be changed by the environment

What quickly determines size, shape, staining characteristics

Streptococci colonie generally fairly small

Biochemical tests provide more certainty of identification

Uses antibodies to detect antegens

Measurment of diffrent fatty acids

Often red at 22 degress Celcious

Often produces green pigment with a fruity odor

Strep throat and yeilds B-hemolytic colonies on blood agar

Group with characteristic pattern : brovar or biotype

Group with characteristic antigens : serovar or serotype

Antibiotic susceptibility patterns

Refers to feeding

Refers to movement in response to an environmental cue

Inorganic

Chemically-based

Organic, containing carbon

In the absence of oxygen

In the present of oxygen

Self

Non-self

A group of Archaea that generate energy by breaking down h2 gas

Break down organic chemicals for energy using fermentation

Break down reduced inorganic chemicals for energy

Bacteria forming a resting stage are typically found in soil often as endospores

Heterotrophic organisms; chitin in cell wall

Simple autotrophs

Microscopic heterotrophs that are not fungi

Eukaryotes that are not fungi, plants, animals

Fungi: molds, yeast, mushrooms

Nutrients from dead or decaying matter

Single celled fungi

Filamentous fungi

Reproductive structure of certain fungi

Vidible mass of hyphae

Protrude into host cells in parasitic fungi

Can grow as single yeast cells or multicellular mycelia can also grow in human diseases

May anchor to substrate in saprophytic fungi

Alga and fungus

Vital for plants and roots

Reproductive cells from sexually or asexually

Often named after causative agent

Incorporate silicon dioxide into cell walls

Major producer of oxygen

Algal blooms of dionflagellates

Produces neurotoxins

Upwelling of nutrients and warmer temperatures, fertilizer runoff, untreated sewage

Live within host ( EX> termites)

African sleeping sickness

Entamoeba histolytica causes diarrhea in humans

Is swimmers itch caused by flukes