Drugs and behviour

What is the elimination half life of nicotene?

Adolescent brain is more responsive to reinforcing techniques of drugs such as nicotene

What factors would make an adolescent more influenced by tobacco use?

Smoking help adolescent girls lose weight

Which receptor does nicotene bind to?

WHat is released with IV and inhaled cigarette smoke?

What is central to reinforcing effects of drugs?

When do withdrawel symptoms of nicotine occur?

What is a quick measure of someones dependence to nicotine?

Unlike other drugs this drug causes nAChR up-regulation

Out of the 6-11 mg of nicotine found in cigs how many are delivered to smoker

How does nicotine enter the lungs?

How long until nicotene is delivered to the brain?

Nicotine exposure to an adolescent brain produces lifelong changes to serotonin system associated with mood, sleep, anxiety, and despression.

Chronis high dose nicotine in adolescent brain = reduced sttention span and reduced inhibition

Due to ease of passage through the blood brain barrier, what percentage of alcohol reaches the brain almost immediately?

If a drug easily passes the blood brain barrier, it will have difficulty passing the blood placenta barrier.

About ____% alcohol consumed absorbed from stomach, remaining is absorbed in the upper portion of the small intestine.

What are the three main factors in speed of absorption of alcohol?

Alcohol is distributed wherever there is _________ in the body.

Alcohol is a central nervous system (CNS) depressant.

CNS depressant effects inked to alcohols actions at _______ receptors, has inhibitory effects on the neuron, making it more difficult for neuronal firing to occur.

Reinforcing effects of alcohol come from action of ________neruons in NAcc.

Most alcohol is metabolized by what organ?

90% of Alcohol is metabolized into?

Alcohol works by

Zero order kinetics means

Oxidation fo alcohol occurs at ______mg per hour per kg.

If someone is an alcholic you should recommend they not take?

Who would metobilze alcohol slower?

Alcohol is a vasodilator?

As BAC increases what hormone decreases?

What is Antidiuresis?

Testicular atrophy, erectile dysfunction, and impaired reproductive function in women are effects of chronic abusers of which drug?

What are congeners?

Almost no congeners found in which type of alcohol?

Alcohol promotes accumalation of body fat by reducing breakdown of dietary fats

Liver fuelled by fatty acids, when alcohol present, alcohol used as fuel instead causing buildup of fatty acids.

Poor diet low in thiamine (vitamin B1) combined with excess alcohol reducing thiamine absorption is a cause of what disease?

Most cannabis strains derived from which plant?

Which has the greater THC:CBD ration?

What is formed from resin scraped off marihuana leaves?

1) natural compounds directly synthesized from opium 2) derivative compounds synthesized from morphine 3) derivative compounds synthesized from codeine or thebaine 4) drugs synthesized entirely in lab......what drugs categories am I explaining?

Name an opioid made of natural compounds extracted from opium.

Name an opioid derived from compounds synthesized from morphine.

Name an opioid derived from compunds synthesized from codein or thebaine.

Name an opioid synthesized entirely in a lab

Due to international control of turkish poppy fields mexican black tar heroin appeared around what time?

Aroudn the same time as mexican black tar heroin, powdered fentanyl was being sold as china white, what was the major outcome of this?

Today 94% of the worlds heroin originates from the opium crop in which country?

Percocet came to the country in 1976 what is it?

In 1995 what was introduced as a safe opioid alternative

What is Analgesia?

When was oxycontin pulled from the market?

What has Ontario and Nova Scotia implemented to fight drug abuse in Canada?

Most Opioids have difficulty passing the blood brain barrier to to poor ________ solubility.

What is used in ERs to treat overdose of opioids? Specifically morphine?

In 173 scientists discovered that we have __________ receptors in our brain.

MU, Delta, Kappa, and opioid are all

Between 1975 and early 1980s three natural occuring ____________ like molecules discovered : Enkepahlins, beta-endorphins, and dynorphins

Which receptor does morphine at act?

Which receptor does Oxycodone act at?

Enkerphalins, beta-endorphins, and dynorphins collectively known as endorphins naturally bind to ___________ receptors.

Which opioid receptor is most responsible for opiate drugs discussed in class?

While all opiates act on MORs those with the biggest attraction tend to have the strongest effect.

Opioid tolerance can produce hyperalgesia (Pain producing)

Which drug is not water soluble which means in cannot be injected and minimally effective through mucus membranes?

Freebase cocaine can be

Crack is cocaine treated with _______

Cocaine is more potent when

What is the term for psychoactive drugs that arise from modifications to the chemical structure of existing drugs?

Give an examples of a designer drug?

What was one of the first designer drugs (1874) released as an alternatve to morphine?

What is PCP?

In 1978 60 minutes named this drug as americas number 1 drug problem

Most synthetic opioids are based on which molecule?

What was the first designer drug to be emergency schedules by drug enforcement agency?

What is Analogue law?

Canada has analogue law.

Which drug was "not sold for human conspumption" and therefor legal and commonly sold over the internet?

Originally developed in 1947, this opioid analgesic is a slight variant of demerol

In 1976 which MPPP was created by a grad student and ended up producing parkinsons disese in many users due to the temperature used to manufacture which impurity formed?

MPTP is metabolized in MPP+ which selectively lesions the:

Bath salts contain substituted ________

Krokodil is __________ which is a derivative of___________?

Krokodil/desomorphin was patented in 1932, where?

Abuse of homemade desomorphin aose in siberia in 2003 due to?

What is a common side affect of krokodil/desopmorphin?

Mescaline, psilocybin, lysergic acid diethylamide are all:

Hallucinogens wre orignally rimararily used for?

Which Hallucinogen has uses dating back 5000 years?

In 1938 who discovered LSD

LSD was originally manufactured to stimulate recovery from anasthetic in hospitals by stimulating respiratory and circulatory functions

Give an example of a serotonergic hallucinogen that affects serotonin and produces vivid visual hallucinations and additional effects on consciusness

Give and example of a methylated amphetamine hallucinogen that affects dopamine, norepinephrine AND serotonin and produces altered mood and consciousness with little or no senesory change

Give and example of a anticholinergic hallucinagen that affect acetylcholine and produces dreamlike trance with little or no memory of experience

Give an example of a dissociative anesthetic hallucinogen that affects glutamate and produces surgical anesthesia.

Which type of hallucinogenic therapy produced long lasting peronsality change, behavior change and symptom releif

Saskatchewan group, drs hoffer and osmond offered which drug to doctors and nurses at regina hospital to better understand their patients

LSD was used succesfully to treat?

Psilocybin is showing signs of being able to treat

The use of psilocybin, LSD, and ketamine to treat common problems such as dependency is due to.

Which drug was introduced in 1953 as a hospital anesthetic that didnt affect heart rate?

Someone comes into the ER clearly on drugs and complaining that their arm is the sixe of a car, what drug have they taken?

What does nAChR stand for?

Which disassociative halluconogen was used as an emrgency anesthetic in in vietnam?

If a patient had face burns what drug would a doctor choose to use as an anesthetic?

Extreme dissociation and depersonalization accompanied by auditory and visual hallucinations is known as

What are the three broad categories of therapeutic products

TPD drug approval phase 1

TPD drug approval phase 2

TPD drug approval phase 3

TPD drug approval phase 4

Drug marketing- generic drugs must demonstrate:

Epilepsy foundation issued a statement about switching medication to generic brand due to :

Drug used to treat mental illness/psychiatric disorders

Hippocrates was incorrect in his theory about psychosis but opened ideas that psychosis was biological based what was his theory

When did the first truly successful psychotherapeutic drugs come about?

What was the first psychotherapeutic drug?

Who first introduced using chlorpromazine as an antipsycotic drug

Who conducted the first systematic trial of chlorpromazine in psychotic patients?

First generation antipsychotics such as chlorpromazine acted priimarily at ____________ receptors and were used primarily for schizophrenia

A repetitiive tic like movement which can be caused by first generation antipsychotics:

With second generation (atypical) antipsychotics they acted on dopamine receptors but on a wider vareity of them which led to greater effectiveness on wider range of people and also different side effects such as

Clozapine (a second gen antipsychotic) associated with loss of white blood cells decline in immune function called:

IN 2009 which thrid generation antipsychotic was introduced?

US has the highest rate of anti depressant use per capita

MAO-I, TCA, SSRI, and SNRI are all

MAO-I first antidepressant drug accidentally found bcause orignally sed to treat TB?

MAO-I stands for

MAO-I stopped being used due to

Which class of antidepressants inhibits reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine?

Which class of antifepressants causes mania or hypomania in 25% of patients?

As of 2010 which SSRI antidepressant is the third most prescribed