2022 MCOLES Criminal Justice Exam - 2 (Practice), Basic Suspect ID & Warrantless Searches

When can law enforcement use deadly force?

What is the definition of deadly force?

Detective Johnson gets a tip from a reliable confidential informant (CI) about a neighbor who has been selling narcotics from his front door. They have used this CI seven times, and every time the CI has produced reliable information. Detective Johnson sets up a sting operation and has an undercover officer attempt to purchase drugs from the suspect at the front door. The undercover officer makes a purchase of narcotics and gives the signal to the rest of the team to make an arrest. As officers move in to make an arrest (clearly identified as police officers), the suspect bolts into the house and closes the door. Officers bust the door down and arrest the suspect in the kitchen. They also seize the narcotics that were found in plain view on the dining room table. During the trial, the suspect files a motion in court to suppress the evidence found inside the house during the arrest, citing illegal warrantless entry by the police officers. This motion should be…?

Probable cause means that…?

In order to conduct a pat down of a person, you must be able to articulate that…?

Deputy Smith is on patrol when she sees a car she believes is known to traffic narcotics in the neighborhood. She does not have reasonable suspicion to stop the car, so she follows it for a few miles looking for the vehicle to commit a traffic violation. She observes the same vehicle roll a stop sign and conducts a traffic stop. Deputy Smith gets consent from the driver to search the car and finds narcotics. The driver is arrested. This kind of law enforcement activity is known as a pretextual traffic stop and is prohibited under federal law.

Trooper Beckman is on patrol when he notices the car in front of him blow a red light. Trooper Beckman activates his emergency lights and initiates a traffic stop. He approaches and asks the driver for ID, registration, and insurance. Trooper Beckman also notices a passenger. He asks the passenger for ID. The passenger refuses and tells Trooper Beckman to “fuck off”. Trooper Beckman advises the passenger to comply, or he would be arrested for resisting and obstructing (R&O). Considering your knowledge of Michigan Law, Trooper Beckman’s actions would be unlawful.

An officer approaches a vehicle he has just pulled over for suspicion of DUI. He asks the driver, “how many alcoholic beverages have you had tonight?” This question would be a violation of the driver's rights because the officer failed to read the driver his Miranda Warning prior to answering incriminating questions.

A law enforcement officer may arrest for any crime NOT committed in their presence.

Jessica is walking through a public bus terminal in Grand Rapids, Michigan. Officer Thompson and his K-9 partner Buster are checking for narcotics in people's bags. As Jessica is standing in line, Buster walks by and signals on Jessica’s suitcase. Officer Thompson searches the suitcase and finds 5 grams of cocaine. This search is illegal because Buster was in a 4th amendment protected space.