Oral Biology Try Ky
Oral Biology Quiz: Test Your Knowledge
Welcome to the Oral Biology Quiz, a comprehensive assessment designed for those interested in the intricacies of dental and oral health. This quiz covers various topics, including tissue repair, gene expression, and growth factors.
Challenge yourself and learn more about oral biology with these exciting features:
- 30 carefully curated questions
- Checkbox options for interactive learning
- Instant feedback on your responses
3. What is the outcome of repair?
To restore functions
To restore tissue continuity
To restore functions and tissue continuity
To restore functions and tissue continuity, but with distortion or normal architecture.
4. What is the outcome of regeneration?
The outcome of regeneration is no different from repair
The outcome of regeneration is different from repair
It is the response of tissue destroyed by an insult to a complete restoration of tissue architecture and functions
None of above
5. The biggest different of outcome between repair and regeneration on tissue is tissue scaring.?
True
False
Tissue function
Distortion of connective tissue
6. Cells responsible for repair and regeneration consist of?
Mesenchymal cells and Parenchymal cells of the injury organs
Endothelial cells and Platelets
Macrophages
Platelets
All of above
7. Growth factor responsible for repair and regeneration: FGF, fibroblast growth factor.?
Tissue repair, cell growth, and collagen products.
Promotion of epithelial cell growth, angiogenesis, and promotion of wound healing
Cell growth, new generation and repair of blood vessel, and collagen product.
Growth and new generation of keratinocyte
Growth and new generation of endovascular epithelial cells
8. Growth factor responsible for repair and regeneration: EGF, Epithermal growth factor?
Tissue repair, cell growth, and collagen products.
Promotion of epithelial cell growth, angiogenesis, and promotion of wound healing
Cell growth, new generation and repair of blood vessel, and collagen product.
Growth and new generation of keratinocyte
Growth and new generation of endovascular epithelial cells
9. Growth factor responsible for repair and regeneration: PDGF, Platelet derived growth factor?
Tissue repair, cell growth, and collagen products
Promotion of epithelial cell growth, angiogenesis, and promotion of wound healing
Cell growth, new generation and repair of blood vessel, and collagen product.
Growth and new generation of keratinocyte
Growth and new generation of endovascular epithelial cells
10. Growth factor responsible for repair and regeneration: KGF, Keratinocyte growth factor?
Tissue repair, cell growth, and collagen products.
Promotion of epithelial cell growth, angiogenesis, and promotion of wound healing
Cell growth, new generation and repair of blood vessel, and collagen product.
Growth and new generation of keratinocyte
Growth and new generation of endovascular epithelial cells
11. Growth factor responsible for repair and regeneration: VEGF, Vascular endothelial growth factor?
Tissue repair, cell growth, and collagen products.
Promotion of epithelial cell growth, angiogenesis, and promotion of wound healing
Cell growth, new generation and repair of blood vessel, and collagen product
Growth and new generation of keratinocyte
Growth and new generation of endovascular epithelial cells
12. Growth factor responsible for repair and regeneration: TGF-b, Transforming growth factor b.?
Promotion of wound healing.
Promotion of epithelial cell growth, angiogenesis, and promotion of wound healing
Cell growth, new generation and repair of blood vessel, and collagen product.
Growth and new generation of keratinocyte
Growth and new generation of endovascular epithelial cells
13. There are two major factors influence repair and regeneration?
Systemic and local factors
Nutrition and infection
Metabolic and would characteristic like size and location
Hormonal and mobility
14. What are the 4 steps of responses of mucosa to damage?
Hemostasis, Inflammatory response, Proliferation, and Wound contraction
Inflammatory response, Hemostasis, Proliferation, and Wound contraction
Proliferation, Inflammatory response, Hemostasis, and Wound contraction
Wound contraction, Hemostasis, Inflammatory response, and Proliferation
15. The process by which information from a gene is used in the synthesis of a functional gene product such as a protein?
Gene expression
Transcription
Transcriptional regulation
Response element
16. The process of making messenger RNA (mRNA) from a DNA template by RNA polymerase?
Gene expression
Transcription
Transcription factor
Transcriptional regulation
Response element
17. A protein that binds to DNA and regulates gene expression by promoting or suppressing transcription?
Gene expression
Transcription
Transcription factor
Transcriptional regulation
Response element
18. Controlling the rate of gene transcription for example by helping or hindering RNA polymerase binding to DNA?
Gene expression
Transcription
Transcription factor
Transcriptional regulation
Response element
19. Activation, or promotion – increase the rate of gene transcription?
Upregulation
Downregulation
Coactivator
Coactivator
20. Repression, or suppression – decrease the rate of gene transcription?
Upregulation
Downregulation
Coactivator
Corepressor
21. A protein that works with transcription factors to increase the rate of gene transcription?
Upregulation
Downregulation
Coactivator
Corepressor
22. A protein that works with transcription factors to decrease the rate of gene transcription?
Upregulation
Downregulation
Coactivator
Corepressor
23. A specific sequence of DNA that a transcription factor binds to?
Gene expression
Transcription
Transcription factor
Transcriptional regulation
Response element
24. Protein synthesis consist of 2 steps. What are they, and where do they take place?
Transcription occurs in nucleolus, and translation occurs in cytoplasm
Transcription occurs in cytoplasm, and translation occurs in nucleolus
Transcription and translation both occurs in nucleolus
Transcription and translation both occurs in cytoplasm
26. Transcription factors sometime is called ?
Sequence-specific RNA-binding factors
Sequence-specific DNA-binding factors
Sequence-specific mRNA-binding factors
Sequence-specific tRNA-binding factors
27. Transcription factors is a protein that control the rate of transcription of genetic information from?
DNA to RNA
RNA to DNA
DNA to mRNA
DNA to tRNA
28. What are the function of transcription factors?
Regulate gene expression
Coactivator
Co-enhancer
Regulate in between coactivator and co-enhancer
29. Event during or following protein translation ?
Proteolysis and post-translatoinal modification
Proteolysis and modification
Proteolysis and protein folding
Post-translational modification and protein folding
30. A growth factor is a naturally occurring substance capable of stimulating cellular growth, proliferation, healing, and cellular differentiation. Usually it is a protein or a steroid hormone.?
True
False
31. Growth factor is sometimes used interchangeably among scientists with the term?
Protein
Hormone
Vitamin
Cytokine
32. Growth factors are proteins that regulate many aspects of cellular function, including survival, proliferation, migration and differentiation.?
True
False
33. Growth factors and their receptors can be grouped into ‘families,’ based upon shared features of ?
Amino acid sequence
Structural of protein folding
Anatomy of protein
Protein sequence
34. Growth factors and their receptors can be grouped into ‘superfamilies,’ based upon shared features of ?
Amino acid sequence
Structural of protein folding
Anatomy of protein
Protein sequence
35. What do Growth Factors Do?
Repair damaged cells
Enhance cellular proliferation
Maintain optimum function of the target organ
Rejuvenate aging tissues
All above
36. Cre-Lox recombination is a site-specific recombinase technology, used to carry out deletions, insertions, translocations and inversions at specific sites?
In target cell
In target animal
In DNA
In RNA
Inside of cellular cytoplasm
37. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) is a type of immunoprecipitation experimental technique used to investigate the interaction between?
Proteins and DNA outside the cell
Proteins and RNA
DNA and RNA
RNA and DNA
Proteins and DNA in the cell
38. An undifferentiated cell of a multicellular organism which is capable of giving rise to indefinitely more cells of the same type, and from which certain other kinds of cell arise by differentiation.?
IPSc: Induced pluri-potent stem cells
MSCs: Mesenchymal stem cells
ESCs: Embryonic stem cells
Stem cells
39. Stem cell hierarchy from top to bottom?
Totipotent, pluripotent, multipotent, unipotent
Totipotent, multipotent, pluripotent, unipotent
Totipotent, pluripotent, unipotent, multipotent
Unipotent, multipotent, pluripotent, totipotent
Unipotent, pluripotent, multipotent, totipotent
40. Embryonic stem cells are derived from embryos at a developmental stage before the time that implantation would normally occur in?
Oviduct
Uterus
Placenta
Vagina
In vitro fertilization
41. The first differentiation event in humans occurs at approximately ------ days of development, when an outer layer of cells committed to becoming part of the placenta (the trophectoderm) separates from the inner cell mass (ICM). ?
1-3 day
3-5 days
5-7 days
10-14 days
42. The ICM, inner cell mass, cells have the potential to generate any cell type of the body, after implantation, they are -------------- as they differentiate to other cell types with more limited developmental potential. ?
Quickly depleted
Change
No change
Quickly deleted
43. If the ICM, inner cell mass, is removed from its normal embryonic environment and cultured under appropriate conditions, the ICM-derived cells can ------------------------------------------- indefinitely and still maintain the developmental potential to form any cell type of the body?
Continue to proliferate and replicate themselves
Differentiate in to any cell types of the body
Growth and produce more different kind of cell types in the body
Still alive and growth well under appropriate conditions
44. Why embryonic stem cells were banned for basic research?
High cost
Risk of cancer
Violation ethic issue
All of above
45. What is Yamanaka’s factors?
Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, C-Myc
Oct4, Sox4, Klf2, C-Myc
Oct2, Sox2, Klf4, C-Myc
Oct2, Sox4, Klf2, C-Myc
46. What are the gold standard transcription factors using for generating iPSc?
Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, C-Myc
Oct2, Sox4, Klf4, Lin28
Oct4, Sox2, Nanog, Lin28
Oct4, Sox4, Nanog, Lin28
47. What are the criteria for achieving to generate iPSc?
A stable change in the nucleus of a mature cell
Cell can divides through mitosis
Cell be maintained and replicated
An unstable change in the nucleus of a mature cells but can be maintained and replicated through cell division, mitosis.
Cell able to maintain and replication their stable change in cellular nucleus when their undergo mitosis.
48. Why generation of iPSc is so attractive to scientist worldwide?
No controversial in term of ethical issue, and ready for use
Generation of patient-specific cell line and immune match
No concern on cancer risk, and cheap
Ease to perform with no risk of cancer and ethical issue
Every patient could generation their own cell line without concern of ethical issue and immune rejection.
51. Why transcription factors is the most import key to generate iPSc, cell reprogramming?
They can control cell division
They can control gene expression
They can regulate cell signalling
They can regulate gene expression through cell signalling during cell division
52. Why transcription factor C-Myc is no longer use for generating iPSc?
It is difficult to obtain from nature
It is difficult to work with other transcription factors
It is less effective
It is not only less effective, but difficult to work with other transcription factors, and reported to generate cancer in some cases
It is reported to generate cancer in some cases
53. Who are/ is the pioneer of generating iPSc?
Prof. Shinya Yamanaka and his students
Prof. Shinya Yamanak and his wife
Prof. Shinya Yamanaka
Prof. Shinya Yamanaka and Sir John Gurdon
54. Work flow of generating iPSc?
Isolate and culture host cell, using lentinovirus, harvest cell and culture under feeder layer, get an iPSc.
Isolate and culture host cell, using retrovirus, harvest cell and culture under feeder layer, get an iPSc.
Isolate and culture host cell, using adenovirus, harvest cell and culture under feeder layer, get an iPSc.
Isolate and culture host cell, using transcription factors, harvest cell and culture under feeder layer, get an iPSc.
55. Mesenchymal stem cells are multi-potent stem cells which is able to differentiate to adult cell like?
Bone, cartilage, fat, muscle, and neurons
Bone, liver, fat, skin, and muscle
Bone, cartilage, and neurons Cartilage, fat, muscle
Liver, skin, bone, and cartilage
56. Mesenchymal stem cells is derived from bone marrow. So they can differentiate into hematopoietic cell line.?
True
False
57. Mesenchymal stem cells can be extract from many types of tissue, but the most commence one is bone marrow.?
True
False
59. Non-marrow origin mesenchymal stem cells EXCLUDE ?
Placenta, and umbilical cord blood
Adipose, and muscle
Dental pulp
Embryo
61. In order to identify multi-potency stem cells, ones has to undergo cellar differentiation EXCLUDE?
Bone
Cartilage
Fat
Skin
Neuron
62. Mesenchymal stem cells have been confirmed able to differentiated into neuron cell with function?
True
False
63. What is the biggest conflict of using embryonic stem cells?
Cell source
Price and outcome
Ethic
Market
64. What is the biggest conflict of using induced pluri-potent stem cells?
Immune rejection
Reprogram efficiency
Cancer cause
Insertion of transcription factors
65. What is the biggest conflict of using mesenchymal stem cells?
Homogenous nature
Heterogenous nature
Cancer cause
Ethic
67. What is the hierarchy of induced pluripotent stem cells?
Toti-potent
Pluri-potent
Multi-potent
Uni-potent
68. What is the hierarchy of mesenchymal stem cells?
Toti-potent
Pluri-potent
Multi-potent
Uni-potent
69. Embryonic stem cells were banned for basic research practice because it is an unethical practice. Moreover, it cannot create patient-match specific cell line.?
True
False
70. The biggest concern of using iPSc as a regenerative tool is the possible of cancer provoke due to infection of transcription factors.?
True
False
71. The disadvantage of mesenchymal stem cells is that this stem cells are heterogenous in nature which hard to purify.?
True
False
72. Embryonic stem cells are derived from embryos at a developmental stage before the time that implantation would normally occur in the uterus. Normally, it takes about 10 days.?
True
False
73. The inner cell mass cells have the potential to generate any cell type of the body, but after implantation, they are quickly depleted as they differentiate to other cell types with more limited developmental potential. ?
True
False
74. Because ES cells can proliferate without limit and can contribute to any cell type, human ES cells offer an unprecedented access to tissues from the human body. ?
True
False
75. ES will support clinical research on the differentiation and function of human tissues and provide material for testing that may improve the safety and efficacy of human drugs ?
True
False
76. Some important human diseases are caused by the death or dysfunction of one or a few cell types, e.g., insulin-producing cells in diabetes or dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson's disease. Therefore, understanding and using stem cells as tool to study this disease model provide a better understand this dysfunction of cell types.?
True
False
77. A growth factor is a naturally occurring substance capable of stimulating cellular growth, proliferation, healing, and cellular differentiation.?
True
False
78. Growth factors typically act as signalling molecules between cells. Examples are cytokines and hormones that bind to specific receptors on the cytoplasm of their target cells.?
True
False
79. Cytokines are a broad and loose category of long big proteins (~5–20 kDa) that are important in cell signalling.?
True
False
80. Growth factor is sometimes used interchangeably among scientists with the term cytokine.?
True
False
81. Growth factor is sometimes used interchangeably among scientists with the term transcription factors.?
True
False
82. Growth factors and their receptors can be grouped into ‘families,’ based upon shared features of size and location, and into ‘superfamilies,’ based upon shared their functions.?
True
False
83. In transcription an mRNA chain is generated, with both strands of the DNA double helix in the genome as a template.?
True
False
84. Transcription can be divided into 3 stages: initiation, elongation, and termination, each regulated by a large number of proteins such as transcription factors?
True
False
86. Transcription factor is a protein that controls the rate of transcription of genetic information from messenger RNA to DNA, by binding to a specific ribosomes.?
True
False
87. iPSCs were reprogrammed to an embryonic stem cell-like state by introducing genes important for maintaining the essential properties of embryonic stem cells (ESCs). ?
True
False
88. Ethical issues associated with the production of ESCs do apply to iPSCs, which offer a controversial strategy to generate patient-specific stem cell lines.?
True
False
89. One strategy to accomplish this goal is nuclear reprogramming, a technique that involves experimentally inducing a stable change in the nucleus of a mature cell that can then be maintained and replicated as the cell divides through mitosis. ?
True
False
90. Four transcription factors (Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc) sometimes is called Yamanaka’s factors.?
True
False
91. Yamanaka’s factors were chosen because they were known to be involved in the maintenance of pluripotency, which is the capability to generate all other cell types of the body.?
True
False
92. Retroviruses used to deliver the four transcription factors in the earliest studies is safe to generating iPSCs.?
True
False
93. All four factors are absolutely necessary. In particular, the gene c-Myc is known to promote tumor growth in some cases, which would not affect iPSC usefulness in transplantation therapies. ?
True
False
94. iPSc provided unlimited supplies of ________ cells could be used to generate transplants without the risk of immune rejection.?
Autologous.
Xenologou
Allogous.
95. Upon introduction of reprogramming factors, cells begin to form colonies that resemble pluripotent stem cells, which can be isolated based on their:?
Morphology.
Conditions that select for their growth.
Through expression of surface markers.
Reporter genes.
All are corrects.
96. iPSc were generated by:?
From adult cells.
Introduced Yamanaka’s factors into adult cells.
Growth factors.
All of above.
97. Yamanaka’s factors were used to generating iPSc in 1st generation because:?
They are ease to use.
There is no better way.
They were reported to able to express gene that like embryonic stem cells.
All are corrects.
98. In the future, possible dentist can use dental pulp stem cells, 3rd mandibular molar, in cell bank due to their pluri-potent.?
True
False
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