Piston 1 - Review Questions Week 3
How are ignition wires normally attached or removed from the spark plugs?
Using 2 wrenches and double wrench technique
Using a wrench and a socket with the double tool technique
Using a wrench
Using slip joint pliers or an adjustable wrench
What does FAR 33/CAR533 state?
Each spark ignition engine must have at least 3 spark plugs for each cylinder and 3 separate electrical circuits with separate sources of electricity
Each spark ignition engine must have at least 1 spark plug for each cylinder and 2 separate electrical circuits with separate sources of electricity
Each spark ignition engine must have at least 2 spark plugs for each cylinder and 2 separate electrical circuits with separate sources of electricity
Each spark ignition engine must have at least 1 spark plug for each cylinder and 1 electrical circuit with a separate source of electricity
A high heat range number on a spark plug means what?
A high number means it is a hot plug (more heat transfer)
A high number means it is a cold plug (less heat transfer)
A high number means it is a hot plug (less heat transfer)
A high number means it is a cold plug (more heat transfer)
What does a high-tension magneto consist of?
A mechanical system and three distinct circuits
A mechanical system and two distinct circuits
Two mechanical systems and three distinct circuits
Two mechanical systems and two distinct circuits
What problem led to the design of the low tension magneto system?
Detonation
Flash-over
Pre-ignition
Carbon tracking
Which of the following is the most common type of magneto ignition system?
A fixed timing Low tension magneto system
A variable timing high tension magneto system
A fixed timing high tension magneto system
A variable timing electronic ignition magneto
What is the purpose of the secondary coil?
To create the greatest possible magnetic field strength
To create the greatest possible magnetic field stress
To produce a 20,000A pulse
To produce a 20,000V pulse
Where is the secondary coil connected to?
To the spark plugs and the primary winding
The the distributor block and the primary winding
To ground and to the breaker points
To the rotor and to the primary winding
How is magneto timing adjusted on a base mount magneto?
By loosening the mounting hardware and turning the magneto slightly before re-tightenting
By use of a vernier coupling in between the magneto and the accessory gear case
By removing the magneto, moving the drive gear by a tooth and reinstalling
By use of special software to reprogram the computer in the magneto
What is the correct firing order for a 7 cylinder radial?
1-3-5-7-2-4-6
7-6-5-4-3-2-1
6-4-2-7-5-3-1
1-2-3-4-5-6-7
What is used to protect the magneto from an open spark plug circuit?
The compensated cam
The safety gap
Nothing, no protection is needed
The surge suppressor
What is the third cylinder to fire on a 14 cylinder radial?
5
9
14
14
What is the fifth cylinder to fire on a 18 cylinder radial?
5
9
12
16
What are the 2 key conditions for the magnetic circuit in a magneto?
Full register (no lines of flux through the core) & Null (maximum lines of flux through the core)
Pole shoes and pole shoe extensions
Full register (maximum lines of flux through the core) & Null (no lines of flux through the core)
Points open & points closed
What does Lenz's law do in the magneto?
It causes the primary current to attempt to hold the flux in the core at a high value until the rotating magnet reaches the null position
It causes the primary current to attempt to hold the flux in the core at a low value until the rotating magnet reaches the null position
It causes the primary current to attempt to hold the flux in the core at a high value until the rotating magnet reaches the full register position
It causes the primary current to attempt to hold the flux in the core at a low value until the rotating magnet reaches the full register position
What are pole shoes, pole shoe extensions and coil cores made out of?
Soft iron because of its Low permeability and high retentivity
Hard iron because of its high permeability and low retentivity
Hard iron because of its Low permeability and high retentivity
Soft iron because of its high permeability and low retentivity
Where is anti-seize applied on the spark plugs
On the plug to wire harness threads, and MUST INCLUDE the last two threads
On the plug to cylinder threads, and MUST INCLUDE the last two threads
On the plug to cylinder threads, BUT NOT not to the last two threads
On the plug to wire harness threads, BUT NOT not to the last two threads
The purpose of the magneto is to do what?
Generate and deliver a high voltage pulse to the spark plugs at the correct time
Generate and deliver a high voltage pulse to the spark plugs at Top Dead Center
Generate and deliver a low voltage pulse to the spark plugs at the correct time
Generate and deliver a high voltage pulse to the igniter plugs at the correct time
What does the mechanical system of a magneto consist of?
The housing, drive shaft, rotating magnet, cam, points, condenser, & coil
The housing & mounting ears of the magneto including the vernier coupling
The housing, drive shaft, and all non-electrical portions of the magneto
The housing, drive shaft, and all electrical portions of the magneto
What is the primary winding made of?
10-20 turns of 18ga wire wound on the coil core
180-200 turns of 18ga wire wound on the pole shoe extensions
180-200 turns of 18ga wire wound on the coil core
180-200 turns of 18ga wire wound on the pole shoes
What is the side effect of flash-over?
Mis-firing
Pre-ignition
Carbon tracking
Detonation
What does the "P" lead connect to?
The primary input lead of the transformer
The secondary output lead to the transofrmer
To the center of the distributer rotor
To the spark plug wire going to cylinder #1
Which of the following is the most commonly used piston aircraft engine ignition system?
Magneto ignition system
Battery ignition system
Diesel ignition system
Electronic ignition system
What is a set of points in a magneto?
The center and end of the finger in the distributor rotor
A normally closed switch that is opened by the cam
The two ends of a connecting rod
A normally open switch that is closed by the cam
What does the primary winding connect to?
Ground and the condensor or capacitor
The distributor rotor and the secondary coil
Ground and the breaker points
Power and the breaker points
What is the fifth cylinder to fire on a 14 cylinder radial?
5
9
14
11
What is the correct firing order for a 18 cylinder radial
Use the 5/9 rule
Use the 9/5 rule
Use the 7/11 rule
Use the 11/7 rule
What is the magnetic circuit of a magneto made up of?
The housing, drive shaft, rotating magnet, cam, points, condenser, & coil
The rotating magnet, pole shoes, pole shoe extensions and coil core
The housing, drive shaft, and all electrical portions of the magneto
The housing, magneto drive shaft and all of the non-electrical potions of the magneto
What is the most important property of the magnet in a magneto?
It retains its magnetism almost indefinitely
It is very hard and wear resistant
It's magnetic field strength varies with engine speed, higher at low speeds
It loses its magnetism almost instantly
What happens slightly after magnetic neutral is reached in a magneto?
E-Gap or efficiency gap, the point at which the lowest magnetic field stress exists
E-Gap or efficiency gap, the point at which the highest magnetic field stress exists
E-Gap or energy gap, the point at which the lowest magnetic field stress exists
E-Gap or efficiency gap, the point at which the highest magnetic field strength exists
Where is the transformer coil mounted on a low tension magneto system?
In the magneto
In the cylinder
Near the spark plug
In the cockpit
Before installation of a Slick magneto how is the magneto set up?
Rotate the engine in the direction specified until the timing pin drops into place
Rotate the mag gear in the direction specified until the timing pin drops into place
Rotate the mag gear in the direction specified until the marked tooth shows in the inspection window
Rotate the mag gear until magnetic neutral is felt
When is it safe to move the propeller on a piston aircraft engine?
When standing in the arc that the propeller spins within
When all of the spark plug wires are disconnected
When the propeller is moved very slowly
When all of the spark plug wires are connected
Which of the following best describes the wire used in an aircraft ignition harness?
A stranded or a single coil conductor encased in one or two layers of silicone insulation covered by a braided metal shield
A solid conductor encased in three layers of silicone insulation covered by a braided metal shield
A stranded or a single coil conductor encased by a braided metal shield
A solid conductor encased in one or two layers of silicone insulation covered by a braided metal shield and another layer of silicone insulation on top
What must be done with a spark plug if it is dropped?
Throw it away and get a new one
Replace the insulator and continue using it
Use it, they are almost bulletproof
Test it, if it passes test continue using it
Which of the following best describes a compensated cam in a mag
It has a non-uniform distance/angle between cam lobes, with the number of lobes equal to the number of cylinders on the engine
It has a uniform distance/angle between cam lobes, with the number of lobes equal to the number of poles on the rotating magnet
It has a uniform distance/angle between cam lobes, with the number of lobes equal to the number of cylinders on the engine
It has a non-uniform distance/angle between cam lobes, with the number of lobes equal to the number of poles on the rotating magnet
What are the secondary circuit components in the magneto?
The rotating magnet, cam, points, capacitor, coil, rotor and distributor block
The primary winding, the rotor, and distributor block
The secondary winding, the rotor, and distributor block
The rotating magnet, cam, coil, rotor and distributor block
The purpose of the secondary circuit is to do what?
Produce the high voltage energy required to cause a spark
Produce the current in the primary to drive the accessory case
Produce the high voltage energy required to prevent a spark
Produce the low voltage energy required to cause a spark
What was the main problem with early high tension magnetos?
Flash-over
Kick-back
Back-firing
Pre-ignition
Detonation
Which of the following best describe a magneto?
The magneto controls the opening and closing of the intake and exhaust valves to ensure the correct compression ratio
A magneto must provide oil pressure to the components of the engine under all possible engine operating conditions
A magneto must be capable of delivering a high voltage spark to each cylinder under all operating conditions
The magneto dynamically controls the execution of the events in the Otto Cycle to ensure the highest possible reliability for the engine
How is the electrical path to ground completed in an aircraft ignition system?
Through the cylinder assembly and crankcase
Through the airframe
Through the ether
Through the piston, connecting rod and crankshaft
What is the correct firing order for a 5 cylinder radial?
1-2-3-4-5
1-3-5-2-4
4-2-5-3-1
5-4-3-2-1
How many dual magnetos are required to meet FAR33/CAR533?
1
2
3
4
What regulation dictates the ignition system requirements for an aircraft piston engine?
FAR Part 33/CAR 33
FAR Part 33/CAR 533
FAR Part 66/CAR 566
FAR Part 1/CAR 100
What is the disadvantage of using a magneto ignition system?
At high speeds flash-over becomes a problem with the associated carbon tracking
At high speeds a "weak" spark is produced in a basic magneto
At low speeds a "weak" spark is produced in a basic magneto
At low speeds a "weak" spark is produced in a magneto with an impulse cooking
What happens when the magneto reaches the E-gap position?
The intake valve is opened
The points are opened
The intake and exhaust valves are opened
The points are closed
Which of the following components are part of the primary circuit?
Primary winding of the coil, breaker points and capacitor
Secondary winding of the coil, breaker points and capacitor
Primary winding of the coil, breaker points, cam, and capacitor
Primary winding of the coil, rotor, distributor block, HT leads and spark plugs
What is the purpose of the "P" lead?
To turn the ignition system on by closing the circuit to the "P" lead to 12V
To shut the ignition system off by shorting the circuit to the "P" lead to ground
To turn the ignition system on by closing the circuit to the "P" lead to ground
To shut the ignition system off by opening the circuit to the "P" lead
How often will spark plugs be serviced?
Typically annually
Typically every 1000hrs or 10 years
Typically every 50hrs or annually
Typically every 100hrs or annually
What was the problem with early high tension magnetos?
Less dense air at altitude causes poor induction and a weak spark making the engine run rough intermittently
Less dense air at altitude increases the probability if a high voltage spark being mis-routed at the distributor cap
More dense air at altitude causes poor induction and a weak spark making the engine run rough intermittently
More dense air at altitude increases the probability if a high voltage spark being mis-routed at the distributor cap
Opening the points at the e-gap position does what?
Causes the lowest possible current to be induced in the secondary coil
Causes the highest possible current to be induced in the primary coil
Causes the highest possible current to be induced in the secondary coil
Causes the lowest possible current to be induced in the tertiary coil
What is the purpose of the rotating magnet in a magneto?
It is used to open and close the distributor rotor to route electricity to the correct spark plug
It creates a rotating magnetic field to be used for inducing voltage into the magneto coil
It is used to provide a path for the electricity to follow if the spark plug or harness fail
It controls when the ignition event will occur during the Otto cycle
What two factors directly effect the current induced into the secondary coil?
The rate of magnetic field expansion, the speed of magneto rotation
The rate of magnetic field collapse, the ratio of windings between the primary and secondary coils
The rate of magnetic field expansion, the ratio of windings between the primary and secondary coils
The rate of magnetic field collapse, the distance between the primary and secondary coils
What is the purpose of the distributor rotor?
To connect the secondary coil to the appropriate distributor block connection at the correct time
To generate lift on rotorcraft
To provide a path for electricity to follow when spark plug/ignition harness failures occur instead of having "flash-over"
To connect the primary coil to the appropriate distributor block connection at the correct time
In a horizontally opposed aircraft engine what is the gear ratio between the crankshaft and the distributor rotor?
4:1
3:1
2:1
1:1
What is the fourth cylinder to fire on a 18 cylinder radial?
5
9
12
16
What is the correct firing order for a 14 cylinder radial
Use the 9/5 rule
Use the 7/11 rule
Use the 11/7 rule
Use the 5/9 rule
What are the types of cams used in high tension magnetos?
Uncompensated & compensated
Pre-ignition & detonation
Oval & egg shaped
Push type & pull type
What are the 3 main parts of an aviation spark plug?
The metal shell, ceramic insulator & electrode assembly
The ceramic shell, metal insulator & electrode assembly
The metal shell, ceramic insulator & ceramic electrode assembly
The ceramic shell, ceramic insulator & electrode assembly
What is the correct firing order for a 9 cylinder radial?
1-3-5-7-9-2-4-6-8
6-4-2-7-5-3-1-9-8
1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9
9-8-7-6-5-4-3-2-1
What does the "heat range" of a spark plug refer to?
How hot the fuel will burn
How hot the spark will be
How well the plug transfers heat
How hot the cylinder head will be in normal operation
Where is the transformer coil mounted in a high tension magneto system?
In the crankcase
Near the spark plug
In the magneto
In the cockpit
Which of the following best describes an uncompensated cam in a magneto?
It has a non-uniform distance between cam lobes, with the number of lobes equal to the number of poles on the rotating magnet
It has a uniform distance between cam lobes, with the number of lobes equal to the number of cylinders on the engine
It has a non-uniform distance between cam lobes, with the number of lobes equal to the number of cylinders on the engine
It has a uniform distance between cam lobes, with the number of lobes equal to the number of poles on the rotating magnet
What is the fourth cylinder to fire on a 14 cylinder radial?
5
9
10
14
What is the third cylinder to fire on a 18 cylinder radial?
5
9
12
16
When does the greatest density of flux lines pass through the coil core?
When the magnetic poles are fully aligned with the pole shoes
When the distributor gear is aligned with the terminals of the distributor block
When the magnetic poles are 45 degrees out of alignment with the pole shoes
When the magnetic poles are 90 degrees out of alignment with the pole shoes
What is the first thing that must be done before an aircraft engine can be timed?
Remove the spark plug in cylinder #1
Turn the engine until compression is felt on cylinder #1
Remove all the spark plug leads
Turn the engine until at the desired firing angle for cylinder #1
What is a magneto?
A permanent magnet DC generator that uses electromagnetic and induced current principles to develop high voltage energy to fire a set of spark plugs
A permanent magnet AC generator that uses electromagnetic and induced current principles to develop high voltage energy to fire a set of spark plugs
A electromagnet AC generator that uses electromagnetic and induced current principles to develop high voltage energy to fire a set of spark plugs
A electromagnet DC generator that uses electromagnetic and induced current principles to develop high voltage energy to fire a set of spark plugs
Before installation of a Bendix magneto how is the magneto set up?
Rotate the mag gear in the direction specified until the timing pin drops into place
Rotate the engine in the direction specified until the timing pin drops into place
Rotate the mag gear in the direction specified until the marked tooth shows in the inspection window
Rotate the mag gear until magnetic neutral is felt
What is the advantage of using a magneto for the ignition system?
It is fully contained, using an internal battery to gives the best possible spark at all engine speeds
It is integrated with the induction system and the c rank position sensor so that the spark is just as strong as needed
It is fully self contained, generating it's own electricity to keep the engine running
It depends on an external battery, so it gives the best possible spark at low engine speeds
A low heat range number on a spark plug means what?
A low number means it is a cold plug (more heat transfer)
A low number means it is a cold plug (less heat transfer)
A low number means it is a hot plug (more heat transfer)
A low number means it is a hot plug (less heat transfer)
Which of the following is a type of aviation spark plug?
Battery ignition
Massive electrode
Quad wire
Quad ring
How often are spark plug gaskets typically replaced?
Every 100hrs or annually
Every 1000hrs or annually
Every 25 hours or annually
Every time the plugs are removed
How many single magnetos are required to meet FAR33/CAR533?
1
2
3
4
How is timing adjusted on a flange mount magneto?
By loosening the mounting hardware, turning the mag slightly and re-tightening the hardware
By use of special software to reprogram the computer in the magneto
By use of a vernier coupling in between the magneto and the accessory gear case
By removing the magneto, moving the drive gear by a tooth and reinstalling
Which of the following best describes aircraft ignition timing?
It is fixed and it is a compromise between the ignition timing required to give best performance for takeoff power settings and best performance at cruise speeds
It is variable and it provides the best ignition timing for takeoff power settings and best performance at cruise speeds anywhere from idle to 110% power
It is fixed and it provides the best ignition timing for takeoff power settings and best performance at cruise speeds
It is a variable constant providing he best ignition timing for takeoff power settings and best performance at cruise speeds
After installation of the magneto onto the engine what must be done immediately?
Torque the magneto to the accessory case
Ground run the engine and see how you did
Back up the engine and check the timing
Remove the magneto locking pin or device
After plugs have been cleaned and tested what is done just before installation?
Nothing, they are designed to stay in one cylinder for their entire life
They are rotated to increase plug life
They are greased to increase plug life
They are anti-siezed to increase plug life
Which of the following is a type of aviation spark plug?
Fine Wire
Massive electrode
Battery ignition
Quad ring
What tool is used to remove aircraft spark plugs?
A special 6 point aviation spark plug socket
A standard 6 point deep socket with an extension
Two wrenches of the correct size using the double wrench technique
A standard 12 point deep socket with an extension
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