EDHS Final
Groups are defined by all of the following characteristics except:
A. The members are mutually dependent on each other.
B. There is recognition that people belong to a collective entity.
C. There are rules and roles that control people’s interactions.
D. Members of the group are dependent on one another to achieve personal goals.
E. People’s personal needs are being met that reward group membership.
Groups are different from teams because: group members.
A. Groups are typically work related while teams are sports related.
B. Teams are typically larger than groups.
C. Team members are more dependent on each other for achieving success than
D. Teams are more hierarchical than groups.
Teams are used by organizations to:
A. Provide advice on how to improve quality.
B. Coordinate day-to-day work activities.
C. Design and develop new products.
D. Negotiate working relationships with other organizations.
E. All of the above.
Self-managing teams are different from traditional work groups because:
A. There have fewer members.
B. There is no leader.
C. The teams are more strongly linked to the organization’s hierarchy.
D. They make greater use of consensus decision making.
Hawthorne discovered that:
A. Studying workers has no impact on worker performance
B. Social factors have an important impact on performance
C. Breaking up tasks into smaller ones leads to an increase in performance
D. Teams are no better at performing complex tasks than individuals are
E. The size of a team does not affect performance
Encounter groups, also known as t-groups, are:
A. Parallel teams of production workers who meet to analyze problems
B. Small, unstructured groups encouraged to engage in open and personal discussions
C. Workers performing tasks in teams, without managers present
D. Teams that conduct repeated transactions with customers
E. Teams that engage in brief performances
By the 1990s, research on teamwork:
A. Became multi-disciplinary
B. Remained laboratory-based
C. Became more simple
D. Stagnated
E. Focused only on cause-and-effect relationships
The term equifinality means:
A. People are easily influenced by social norms
B. Groups can be best understood by studying the individuals in the group
C. It is easier to change a group than an individual
D. There are many ways for groups to operate successfully
E. Groups can best be understand in the lab
The main criteria used to measure team success are:
A. Task completion, social relations, and individual benefit.
B. Task speed, quality, and accuracy.
C. Social relations, group maintenance, and viability.
D. Individual success, group success, and organizational success.
Team success is more than just completing the task because:
A. The task may be able to be completed without using a team.
B. Teams may not be the most effective method for completing the task.
C. Developing team skills for the future is an important part of teamwork.
D. Teams are valuable when tasks are disrupted by unforeseen events.
E. All of the above are true.
In a group, whose responsibility is it to provide direction?
A. The organization
B. All team members
C. The group leader
D. Project managers
The main reason researchers have found different results when looking at characteristics of successful teams is:
A. They have studied different types of teams
B. They have used different methods of analysis
C. They have studied unsuccessful teams
D. All research has been done in a lab and is therefore biased
E. Organizations have not allowed researchers to study their employees
Implementing teams in organizations is considered a fad because:
A. Organizations are finally figuring out effective ways to use teams in all scenarios
B. Although they are used now, teams will no longer be used in the near future
C. An increased use of technology will no longer require that organizations use teams
D. The usage of teams is overemphasized in businesses
E. Teams are the only effective way to accomplish tasks
Many benefits from creating a team occur:
A. Over the long run after completing many projects
B. During the process of completing the first project
C. When the team has a good relationship with managers
D. When the team has a large rate of turnover
E. After a team successfully completes the first project
Group socialization refers to:
A. Process by which a group is integrated into the larger organizational context.
B. Process by which a person becomes a member of a group.
C. Process by which leaders develop relations with individual members.
D. Hanging out with besties.
Research on work teams shows that clear project goals:
A. Help improve team performance and internal team processes.
B. Lead to greater conflict.
C. Are not possible without a team leader.
D. Are the same as the team’s mission statement.
E. Are not necessary.
The conflict between individual and group goals can lead to:
A. Improper group socialization.
B. Hidden agendas that disrupt the group’s performance.
C. A breakdown in group norms.
D. An increased need for resocialization.
Ground rules that define appropriate and inappropriate behavior in a group are called:
A. Agendas.
B. Goals.
C. Norms.
D. Conflicts.
E. Stages of development.
One of the important lessons from the study of group development is:
A. Strong leadership is crucial to group success.
B. Teams should focus on productivity at the beginning of a project.
C. Most of the productive work occurs at the end of a project.
D. Good social relations among team members often do not develop until the
The reduction of individual contributions when people work in groups rather than alone refers to:
A. Social loafing
B. Social riding
C. Social facilitation
D. Social surfing
Teams evaluate their ability to succeed by:
A. Examining the hierarchical structure of the group in relation to the larger organizational context.
B. Examining the complexity of the task and temporal resources.
C. Examining their personal resources and ability to work together.
D. Weighing costs and benefits of working together or individually.
E. Weighing demands of the task and rewards given.
The most important factor for developing group cohesion is:
A. A strong performance norm.
B. Good communication.
C. Having group members with diverse backgrounds.
D. Having group members with different levels of organizational status.
E. Incentives that reward good individual performance.
Which of the following is NOT characteristic of more cohesive groups?
A. Smaller size.
B. Similarity among members.
C. Better communication.
D. Strict entry requirements.
E. Weak norms.
To identify role problems, a team should:
A. Make explicit the important roles in the group.
B. Require everyone hold multiple roles.
C. Make roles as unclear as possible.
D. Emphasize individual over group goals.
E. Assign roles to individual members.
What is the optimum balance between task and social behaviors?
A. 20% toward social and 80% toward task behaviors.
B. 10% toward task and 90% toward social behaviors.
C. 10% toward social and 90% toward task behaviors.
D. 50% toward social and 50% toward task behaviors. .
E. It depends on the characteristics of the task and group.
When groups are in the forming stage, they should focus more on _____ behaviors.
A. Social.
B. Task.
C. Both social and task.
D. Role.
When a group influences its members through implied or actual group pressure, it is called:
A. Suggestibility.
B. Conformity.
C. Obedience.
D. Minority influence.
E. Assertiveness.
In Milgram’s (1974) study, participants:
A. Were mostly reluctant to deliver electric shocks when the learner was a child.
B. Incorrectly judged the length of a line when pressured by others.
C. Delivered electric shocks to innocent strangers when commanded by their peers.
D. Were more likely to obey when authority figure was in the room.
E. Correctly judged the length of a line when alone.
The process of giving employees power and control over their work is called:
A. Empowerment.
B. Minority influence.
C. Anti-obedience.
D. Consultative power.
E. Legitimate power.
Which of the power styles is forceful, critical and negative?
A. Passive.
B. Aggressive.
C. Assertive.
D. Submissive.
E. Controlling
Compared to a traditional manager, a team leader:
A. Have more organizational power and authority.
B. Is more likely to handle personnel issues.
C. Facilitates rather than controls the behavior of group members.
D. Handles the administrative tasks of the group.
When the goals of the team are set by the organization and the leader is the facilitator with limited authority, the style of leadership is called:
A. Self-managing
B. Self-directed
C. Leaderless
D. Emergent leadership
The basic problem with the trait approach to leadership is:
A. Leaders successful in one situation are not necessarily successful in another..
B. The new-ness of this theory.
C. The lack of scientific research.
D. The inability to define traits.
E. All of the above.
According to Situational Leadership Theory, the leader’s behavior should depend on:
A. How much control the leader has over the situation.
B. The amount of situational stability.
C. The maturity level of the group members.
D. The demands of the task.
E. The personalities of the group members.
Self-managing teams has been around since the:
A. Industrial Revolution.
B. Great Depression.
C. 1960s.
D. 1800s.
E. 1990s.
In their study of professional teams, Levi and Slem (1996) found:
A. Self-managed teams did not necessarily perform better than traditional teams.
B. Employees preferred to work in self-managed teams..
C. Leaderless teams are best.
D. All of the above.
One problem with team coaching is that leaders too often:
A. Focus on managing activities rather than building capabilities of the team.
B. Do not have the skills to coach.
C. Do not have the time to coach.
D. Focus on abilities rather than performance.
Types of diversity may be placed in the following three categories:
A. Demographic, psychological, organizational.
B. Social, individual, and group.
C. Skill, social, and group.
D. Organizational, social, and group.
Which of the following types of diversity is NOT a surface-level factor?
A. Age.
B. Sex.
C. Race.
D. Personality.
E. Physical appearance.
Which are two ways to view how diversity affects a team?
A. Trait and expectations approaches.
B. Surface and deep-level approaches.
C. Personal and organizational approaches.
D. Psychological and social approaches.
E. Negative and positive approaches.
The view that people with different backgrounds have different values, personalities, and skills, which affect how they interact in a team is the:
A. Trait approach.
B. Surface approach.
C. Personal approach.
D. Psychological approach.
E. Expectations approach.
Over time, team members develop emotional bonds, which:
A. Leads to a convergence of attitudes, beliefs, and values.
B. Enhances the importance of background differences among team members.
C. Changes member’s personalities.
D. Increases diversity in the team.
Which two theoretical perspectives explain inconsistent findings regarding effects of diversity on teams?
A. Functional and dysfunctional.
B. Information and social categorization.
C. Information and decision-making.
D. Perceptual bias and cognitive bias.
Deb Irving discusses the concept of "white privilege" originally introduced by Dr. Peggy McIntosh. Privilege can be a difficult concept to understand because
A. Privilege is something you don't notice when you have it (according to Deb Irving)
B. It can seem relative depending on the context of whom you are with
C. Understanding racial and other types of privilege helps one understand how systemic discrimination occurs but does not necessarily instruct how to combat discrimination.
D. All of the above.
Team culture refers to:
A. Customs, rituals and traditions that underlie people’s values in organizations.
B. Shared perceptions of how the team should operate to accomplish its goals.
C. Rules and behavioral practices of organizational members.
D. An athletic team’s number of wins in one season
Walton and Hackman identified the following two types of organizational cultures in the U.S. That effect teamwork:
A. Control and commitment.
B. Cooperative and competitive.
C. Slow and fast.
D. Inward and outward.
E. Supportive and non-supportive.
How does the individualism / collectivism dimension of culture affect team work?
A. Collectivists are easier to organize into teams.
B. Collectivists are not as competitive with outside groups.
C. Individualists have difficulty resisting conformity pressure.
D. There is no influence of individualism vs. Collectivism in team work.
Organizations higher in creativity are more likely to be:
A. Globalilzation
B. Virtual teamwork
C. Downsizing
D. A & B
According to Deb Irving in Waking Up White, legislation and regulations (for example, housing laws, GI BILL, etc.) systemically discriminated against Black Americans.
A. True
B. False
Successful transnational teams tend to:
A. Treat all members similarly by ignoring cultural differences.
B. Spend more time initially developing social relations.
C. Spend more time initially defining team projects and goals.
D. Avoid face-to-face meetings.
In a team, senders often send briefer messages than are needed because:
A. They want to withhold information to increase power.
B. They overestimate receivers’ familiarity with the information.
C. They misunderstand the intentions of the receiver.
D. They have poor communication skills.
E. They have higher status.
_________ refers to an environment in which people feel free to express their thoughts and feelings.
A. Physical safety.
B. Social safety.
C. Psychological safety.
D. Group safety.
E. Team safety.
Research suggests that when communicating, teams spend of their time:
A. Reviewing common information everyone knows.
B. Combining unique perspectives of various members.
C. Withholding information from each other.
D. Sharing new knowledge with each other.
E. Pursuing ideas from those outside of the team.
Which of the following is NOT a component of emotional intelligence (EI)?
A. Self-awareness.
B. Empathy.
C. Emotional regulation.
D. Trustworthiness.
E. Relationship management.
When a person summarizes a communication and checks to see if it has been received accurately, they are using what communication technique?
A. Group process evaluation.
B. Active listening.
C. Problem Solving orientation.
D. Defensive communication.
E. Networking
A group conflict is “healthy” when it is:
A. Between individual and group goals.
B. Focused on task issues.
C. Caused by faulty communications.
D. Related to competition over power and resources.
The approach to conflict resolution that tries to ignore issues or denies there is a problem is called:
A. Collaboration.
B. Confrontation.
C. Avoidance.
D. Accommodation.
E. Compromise.
When possible, teams should use a(n) _____________ approach to conflict resolution.
A. Collaborative.
B. Confrontational.
C. Avoidant.
D. Compromising.
E. Accommodating.
The most important aspect in preparing for group conflict is:
A. Ensuring a mediator is readily available.
B. Creating a psychological safe environment.
C. Avoiding issues of controversy.
D. Prohibiting negative emotions.
E. Encouraging feelings about personal issues.
When a conflict is resolved using an outside facilitator who does not have the authority to impose a solution, it is called:
A. Negotiation.
B. Mediation.
C. Bargaining.
D. Arbitration.
E. Superordinate solution
In a constructive conflict, the participants should:
A. Escalate the conflict using aggressive language.
B. Avoid participating in arguments.
C. Try to clarify the areas of agreement and disagreement.
D. Give in on some points in order to reduce tension.
The style of group decision making where the leader has authority to make the decision but asks for advice from the group is called:
A. Democratic
B. Consultative
C. Consensus
D. Normative
E. Superordinate
The style of group decision making where group votes and majority rules is:
A. Democratic
B. Consultative
C. Consensus
D. Normative
E. Superordinate
The style of group decision making where all group members participate and agree to accept the decision is:
A. Democratic
B. Consultative
C. Consensus
D. Normative
E. Superordinate
Primary criteria for evaluating a decision-making approach are:
A. Quality, speed, and acceptance.
B. Cost, quality, and acceptance.
C. Quality, acceptance, and conflict.
D. All of the above.
E. None of the above.
Compared to Japanese companies, decisions made by U.S. companies:
A. Are slower.
B. Are less likely to fail at implementation.
C. Are quicker.
D. Are more cost-effective.
E. Of lower quality.
Normative decision-making is based upon the assumption that:
A. Decisions are made better by groups.
B. Decisions are made better by individuals.
C. The best type of decision-making depends on the characteristics of team members.
D. The best type of decision-making depends on the nature of the problem.
E. The best type of decision-making depends on the size of the group.
______ refers to phenomenon when the effect of a group discussion leads to a final decision more extreme than the average of the members.
A. Group Polarization
B. Groupthink
C. Risky Shift Phenomenon
D. Consensus Blockage
E. Ringi Effect
When group members put concern for the group’s social relations ahead of their desire to make a good decision, then the group is likely to suffer from:
A. Group Polarization
B. Groupthink
C. Risky Shift Phenomenon
D. Consensus Blockage
E. Ringi Effect
Compared to unstructured group decisions, the use of structured decision making techniques (such as the Nominal Group Technique):
A. Increases the amount of social communication in a group.
B. Reduces the impact of power differences within the group.
C. Reduces satisfaction with the group’s decision.
D. Decreases acceptance of the group decision.
Groupthink is exemplified by historical events such as the Cuban missile crisis.
A. True
B. False
The first step in problem solving is to:
A. Propose as many cost-effective solutions as possible.
B. Discuss and document individual views until everyone agrees the nature of the problem (i.e. Define the problem).
C. Devise a strategy for implementing a solution.
D. Evaluate team resources to ensure problem can be solved.
E. Evaluate individual resources to ensure problem can be solved.
The four stages a team uses when solving problems are:
A. Defining, describing, analysis, and implementation.
B. Recognition, analysis, evaluation, and implementation.
C. Forming, storming, performing, and adjourning..
D. Forming, storming, norming, and performing.
E. Descriptive, functional, prescriptive, and ideal.
____________ is the most overlooked step in problem-solving.
A. Identification.
B. Evaluation.
C. Implementation.
D. Defining.
E. None of the above.
Which of the following is a factor that hurts team problem-solving?
A. Rational, logical thinking.
B. Taking time to analyze the problem.
C. Rushing to implementing solutions
D. Brainstorming all possible solutions with everyone's perspective.
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