Neurology
Neurology Quiz: Test Your Knowledge
Welcome to the Neurology Quiz! This quiz is designed to challenge your understanding of various neurological conditions, particularly epilepsy and its impacts in children and adults. Whether you're a student, educator, or just a keen learner about neurology, this quiz provides valuable insights.
Test your knowledge and see how well you understand:
- Seizure types and classifications
- Causes of epilepsy
- Diagnosis and treatment options
- Common myths and facts about neurological disorders
A 4 years old boy born at term, prenatal ultrasound without pathologic finding -Neurologic examination: lack of visual contact, muscular hypotonia, abnormal motor skills, Receptive flexion of arm and leg, crying. What is the diagnosis?
Encephalitis
Epilepsy
Trouble ilonique
Normal neurologic
All answer are corrects
Recurrent epileptic( 2 or more) seizure, unprovoked by any immediate cause is :
Encephalitis
Epilepsy
Trouble ilonique
Normal neurologic
All answer are corrects
Epilepsy is a diagnosed when an individual has:
At least 2 unprovoked or reflex seizure >24h
1 unprovoked or reflex seizure and a probability of having another seizure similar to the general recurrence risk after 2 unprovoked seizure (>60%) over the next 10 year
An epileptic syndrome
At least 2 unprovoked or reflex seizure >24h,1 unprovoked or reflex seizure and a probability of having another seizure similar to the general recurrence risk after 2 unprovoked seizure (>60%) over the next 10 years or An epileptic syndromes
All answer are corrects
A frequent disease of epilepsy people in worldwide:
70 million
50 million
30 million
10 million
90 million
Epilepsy cause:
Brain injury
Stroke
Brain tumor
Birth defects
All are correct
Differential diagnosis of epilepsy?
Fainting
Alcohol
Withdrawal
Electrolyte problem
All are correct
The cause of epilepsy in childhood by unprovoked :
67.6%
20%
40%
70%
7%
The cause of epilepsy in childhood by congenital:
20%
67.6%
4.7%
1.5%
7,5%
The cause of epilepsy in childhood by trauma:
4.7%
5%
7%
15%
2%
The cause of epilepsy in childhood by stroke:
1.5%
4%
1%
2%
3%
The cause of epilepsy in childhood by tumor:
1.5%
5%
1%
2%
3%
The cause of epilepsy in childhood by degenerative :
7%
6%
4%
8%
2%
The cause of epilepsy in childhood by infection:
4%
3%
5%
1%
7%
The more common type of seizure in children is :
Generalized seizures
Focal seizure
Convulsion
Epileptic spasm
All answer are corrects
The most common seizure type in adult is:
Focal seizures
Generalized seizure
Epileptic spasm
Convulsion
All answer are corrects
Seizure classification of epilepsy:
Generalized seizure
Focal seizure
Unknown( epileptic spasms)
Generalized seizure, Focal seizure, epileptic spasms
All answer are corrects
Not all head trauma provoked epilepsy
30%
20%
40%
60%
80%
Diagnostic method of epilepsy:
Electroencephalogram
MRI
CT Scan
ECG
All answer are corrects
Myoclonic seizure:
Sudden ,brief
Involuntary single or multiple contracture(s) of single muscular or muscle group
Can be provoked (phonic stimulation)
Sudden ,brief, Can be provoked, Involuntary single or multiple contracture of single musculars
All answer are corrects
Generalized seizures:
Absence
Myoclonic
Clonic
Tonic, atonic
All are correct
Clonic seizures:
Regular , repetitive movement
Involves the same muscle group
Frequency of 2 to 3/s prolonged ( synonym, rhythmic, myoclonus)
Regular, repetitive movement, Involves the same muscle group, Frequency of 2 to 3/s prolonged
All answer are corrects
Tonic seizure:
Sustained increase in muscle contraction
Lasting a few seconds to minute
Single event or repetitive movement
Sustained increase in muscle contraction, Single event or repetitive movements
All answer are corrects
Tonic-clonic
Sequence consisting of a tonic following by a clonic phase
Clonic or myoclonic, tonic-clonic
Maybe accompanied by tongue , bite, incontinence
Sequence consisting of a tonic following by a clonic phase, Clonic or myoclonic, tonic-clonics
All answer are corrects
Atonic, myoclonic-atonic(astatic) seizure:
Loss of upright posture
Results from an atonic, myoclonic, or tonic
Mechanism
Loss of upright posture, Results from an atonic, myoclonic, or tonic, Mechanisms
All answer are corrects
Treatment of epilepsy if :
Risk of seizure recurrence
Risk of seizure induce injury
Risk of seizure induce cognitive deficit ( social handicaps)
Risk of seizure recurrence, induce injury and induce cognitive deficits
All answer are corrects
What are the risk after treatment epilepsy:
Cognitive impairment
Disruptive behavior
Toxicity
Costs
All are correct
What are the advantage of treatment epilepsy:
Efficacy
Tolerability
Safety
Long-term quality of life benefits
All are correct
Factors to be considered in the selection of an antiepileptic:
Factor related to the individual
Disease related factor
Drug related factor
Factor related to the individual, Disease related factors
All answer are corrects
Para somnias:
Abnormal or unusual behavior during sleep
Abnormal or unusual behavior during somnolence
Sleep walking
Sleep paralysis
All are correct
Sleep- related movement disorders:
Rhythmic movement disorder
Bruxismus
Restless-leg syndrome (RLS)
Rhythmic movement disorder, Rhythmic movement disorders and bruxismus
All answer are correct
Sleep related movement disorder occur when:
Falling asleep at day
Falling asleep at night
Falling asleep at days and nights
Falling asleep full day
All answer are correct
Breath holding spell(BHS):
Frequency 4.6% to 27%
Onset first 2 years old of life
Remission 90% by age 6 years old
Family history often positive for BHS
All are correct
Breath holding blue spells:
Expiratory apnea
Cerebral hypoxia
Dystonic movement
Syncope
All are correct
Breath holding white spells (BHS)
Vagal hyper-reactivity
Bradycardia- cardiac arrest
Cerebral hypoxia
Syncope
All are correct
Breath holding spells(BHS): treatment
Counselling of the parent
Iron(Fe) substation
No antiepileptic drug
Counselling of the parents, Iron substation, but no antiepileptics
All answer are correct
Epilepsy occurs when :
When neurons send abnormal electro-chemicals signals to the brain causing a seizures
When the brain stop working
When someone has mental health condition
When the brain is tired and overworked
None of all answer
Epilepsy affects to age :
Only children
Only adult
Only newborn
At any ages
None of all answer
There are different types of epileptic seizure that affect to:
A small part of the brain
The whole brain
Both a small part of the brain and the whole brains
Brain stem
None of all answer
Each hemisphere of the brain consists of:
One lobe
Two lobes
Three lobes
4 lobes
10 lobes
What is the most common type of seizure?
The grand mal seizures
The absence seizure
The simple seizure
The complex seizure
No answer is correct
What is the underlying cause of epileptic seizure?
Barometric pressure
Congenital defect
Allergy
Abnormal electrical activity in the brains
All answer are correct
Epilepsy can be caused by:
Genetic influence
Head trauma
Stroke
Post CNS infection
All are correct
Generalized seizure include:
Absence seizure only
Tonic seizure
Atonic seizure
Myoclonic, tonic-clonic, tonic, atonic and absence seizures
None of all answer
Some of the known epilepsy triggers are:
Alcohol
Caffeine
Physical stress
Emotional stress
All are correct
Brain stem consists of:
Mid brain
Pons
Medulla
Mid brains, pons and medullas
Both hemisphere
Layer of meninges:
Endothelium
Muscular layer
Dura maters
Pleura
None
Typically absence seizure start at age:
1 year
60 year
30 year
5-8years of ages
All answer are correct
Epilepsy syndrome in neonatal period:
Dravet syndrome
West syndrome
Benign infantile seizure
Benign familial neonatal seizures (BFNS)
Myoclonic epilepsy in infancy
Benign infantile seizure begin at which age group:
Neonatal period
Infancies
Childhood
Adolescence
Adult
Dravet syndrome begin at which age group:
Neonatal period
Infancies
Childhood
Adolescence
Adult
West syndrome begin at which age group:
Neonatal period
Infancies
Childhood
Adolescence
Adult
Myoclonic epilepsy in infancy begin at which age group:
Neonatal period
Infancies
Childhood
Adolescence
Adult
Benign familial infancy epilepsy begin at which age group:
Neonatal period
Infancies
Childhood
Adolescence
Adult
Seizure disorder that are not traditionally given the diagnosis of epilepsy:
Juvenile absence epilepsy
Febrile seizures
Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy
Progressive myoclonic epilepsy
Childhood absence epilepsy
Epileptic encephalopathy:
Wests syndromes
Benign infantile seizure
Benign familial infantile epilepsy
Benign neonatal seizure
Febrile seizure
Epileptic encephalopathy:
Lennox-Gastauts syndromes
Benign infantile seizure
Benign familial infantile epilepsy
Benign neonatal seizure
Febrile seizure
Seizure disorder that are not traditionally given the diagnosis of epilepsy:
Juvenile absence epilepsy
Benign neonatal seizures (BNS)
Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy
Progressive myoclonic epilepsy
Childhood absence epilepsy
The first choice of long-acting drug in neonatal seizure:
Midazolam
Diazepam
Carbamazepine
Valproate
Phenobarbitals (Gardenal)
Condition that mimic seizure:
Tics
Breath holding spells
Benign paroxysmal vertigo
Psychogenic seizure
All are correct
Neonatal seizure types:
Clonic
Tonic
Spasm
Myoclonic
All are correct
West syndrome is treated with:
ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormones)
Diazepam
Lorazepam
Midazolam
Gardenal
Voltage-gated sodium canal are blocked by:
Valproate and carbamazepines
Ethosuximide
Gabapentin
Lamotrigine
Felbamate
Voltage-gated calcium canal are blocked by:
Valproate
Carbamazepine
Gabapentins
Felbamate
Ethosuximide
Voltage-gated calcium canal are blocked by:
Valproate
Carbamazepine
Felbamate
Lamotrigines
Ethosuximide
The dose of sodium valproate:
100mg/kg/day
200mg/kg/day
300mg/kg/day
400mg/kg/day
20mg-30mg/kg/day
The dose of carbamazepine:
50mg/kg/day
30mg/kg/day
40mg/kg/day
90mg/kg/day
10-20mg/kg/day
The dose of diazepam for constant infusion:
3mg/kg/day
1mg/kg/day
2mg/kg/day
0.2mg/kg/hour
No correct answer
The maintenance dose of phenobarbital:
50mg/kg/day
60mg/kg/day
70mg/kg/day
3-8mg/kg/day
All answer are correct
Epileptic encephalopathy:
Laudau-kleffner syndromes
Benign infantile seizure
Benign familial infantile epilepsy
Benign neonatal seizure
Febrile seizure
Epileptic encephalopathy:
Dravets syndromes
Benign infantile seizure
Benign familial infantile epilepsy
Benign neonatal seizure
Febrile seizure
The most dangerous effect of antiepileptic drugs after large overdoses is:
Respiratory depressions
Gastrointestinal irritation
Alopecia
Sedation
Blur vision
You respond to a 119 call for a 4year-old child. You find the child on the floor of the playroom, unresponsive to voice with rhythmic movement of both the upper and lower extremities. The parents report that the child had seizures, starting at age 2. The seizure activity has always lasted only about 1 minute. The parents call 119 when the initial seizure stopped, but the seizure started again with about one minute in between. They estimate the child has been seizing for about 15 minutes. Your FIRST response is to:
Move the child to the bed
Establish vascular access
Protect/position the airways
Give rectal diazepam
Give Oxygen 5L/mn
Simple febrile seizures, which one is correct:
Indicate an underlying neurological condition
Require Anticonvulsant medication
Occur in children 6 months to 5 years of ages
Frequently lead to epilepsy
Mostly give diazepam and hospitalize
Who is likely to have status epilepticus?
Child with a history of epilepsy
Child with encephalitis
Child with a traumatic brain injury
Child with brain atrophy
All are correct
How quickly should the first benzodiazepine be given after status epilepticus begins?
Within 5 minutes
At 10 minutes
At 20 minutes
At 30 minutes
At 60 minutes
Children who have a first unprovoked seizure……
Should have their blood glucose checked by ambulance staff
Could proceed to have status epilepticus
Will require anti-pyretics to prevent seizure
Protect/position the airway
Should have their blood glucose checked by ambulance staff and Could proceed to have status epilepticus
What drugs are used first in status epilepticus?
Lorazepam
Fosphenytoin
Diazepam
Cefixem
Lorazepams, Diazempams
Which of the following are important history questions for epilepticus?
Was there trauma?
What did the seizure look like?
Medications and herbal supplement
History of an encephalitis?
All are correct
Education should include which of the following?
Teaching about results
Importance of antipyretics for fever
Importance of follow up MRI
Teaching about anticonvulsant medications
Explain about how to do Lumbar punctures
What is the most common types of seizure?
The grand mal seizures
The absence seizure
The simple seizure
The complex seizure
The simple and absence seizure
What are the causes of epilepsy?
Idiopathic
Cryptogenic
Genetic
Structural-metabolic
All are correct
Advantages of EEG in diagnosis epilepsy:
Gold standard
Covers information of the whole brain
Detailed information about
Seizure activity
All are correct
Amplitude-integrated EEG neonates can be seizure detection from:
70-80% possible
65-70% possible
75-80% possible
85-90%possible
100% possible
Gold standard of MRI in epilepsy:
Focal seizures
Tumors
Cortical dysplasia
Hemorrhage
All are correct
Classification of seizure types expanded version ILAE 2017:
Focal onset
Generalized onset
Unknown onset
Focal, generalized and unknown onsets
All answer are correct
Definition of epilepsy syndrome:
Complex of signs and symptoms that define a unique epilepsy conditions
33% of epilepsy neither focal nor generalized
Affect both hemispheres of the brain
Partial loss of consciousness: earlier in the seizure
Initial seizure symptoms dependent on electrical seizure source
Features of epileptic syndromes:
Seizure type(s)
Age of onset
EEG, both ictal and interictal
Duration of epilepsy
All are correct
Definition neonatal seizures:
Clinical seizures plus EEG seizure pattern
EEG seizure pattern without clinical symptom
Clinical seizures plus EEG seizure pattern and EEG seizure pattern without clinical symptoms
Important feature of neurological disease in the newborn
Severe encephalopathy epilepsies in early infancy
Incidence rates data from clinical observation neonatal term seizures:
6.9 Per 1000 neonates
2.4 Per 1000 neonates
4.6 Per 1000 neonates
6.8 Per 1000 neonates
8.10 Per 1000 neonates
Etiologies of tonic seizure :
Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (asphyxia)
Severe brain malformations
Infections
Metabolic
All are correct
Etiologies of spams seizure:
Cortical dysplasia and inborn errors of metabolisms
Asymmetric posturing of the limbs on one side
Generalized tonic stiffening of the body plus tonic deviation of the eye
Asymmetric posturing of the limbs on one side
Most seizures with mixed symptom
Which statement is true regarding febrile status epilepticus?
According for 10% of febrile seizure
According for 20% of febrile seizure
According for 25% of all status epilepticus in young children
According for 40% of all status epilepticus in young children
According for 50% of all status epilepticus in young children
Febrile seizures can evolve to, or become associated with all of the following epilepsy syndromes, except:
Lennox-Gastauts syndromes
Hemiconvulsion hemiplegia syndrome
Severe myoclonic epilepsy of infancy
Hemiconvulsion hemiplegia epilepsy syndrome
Temporal lobe epilepsy due to mesial temporal sclerosis
In childhood, diagnosis to benign epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes is:
Typical seizure semiology and EEG patterns
MRI or CT scan
Myoclonic atonic (astatic) seizure
Panayiotopoulos syndrome
Prevalence: 15% in children with seizure (age 1-15 years)
Prognosis in childhood to benign epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes is:
Most cases just 2-3 seizures during life-time
Excellent! With and without treatments
Positive family history for epilepsy
Mild cognitive (speech, reading,…) problems may occur
Remission within 1-3 years after first seizure
Prognosis for juvenile myoclonic epilepsy:
Good regarding treatment response and high relapse rate after discontinuations
Good prognosis in most patients, treatment sometimes difficult
Normal development
Might switch to other epilepsy syndrome
Often mentally retarded, prognosis not always good
Principles goals of therapy antiepileptic:
No seizure, no side effect
Long-term seizure control
Long-term quality of life benefit
Safety
All are correct
Factors to be considered in the selection of an antiepileptic drugs:
Factors related to the individual
Disease related factors
Drug related factors
Previous adverse drug reactions
All are correct
Anticonvulsive drugs in 1960 – 1990:
Phenobarbital
Gabapentine
Evetiracetam
Carbamazepines
Oxcarbazepine
Which antiepileptic drug for juvenile myoclonic epilepsy?
Valproic acid
Levetiracetam
Clobazam/clonazepam
Lamotrigine
All are correct
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