Dentist-Management 420Q

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Comprehensive Dentist Management Quiz

Test your knowledge in dental management with our Comprehensive Dentist Management Quiz! This quiz features a variety of questions covering essential topics in dental practice and patient care, designed to challenge both professionals and students alike.

Key Features:

  • 30 insightful multiple-choice questions
  • Focus on clinical knowledge and best practices
  • Score your answers and track your progress
420 Questions105 MinutesCreated by PracticingDentist42
ΑžŠαžΎαž˜αŸ’αž”αžΈαž˜αžΆαž“αž—αžΆαž–αžšαžΉαž„αž˜αžΆαŸ†αž›αŸ’αž’ αž“αž·αž„ αž˜αžΆαž“αžŸαŸ„αž—αžŽαŸαž—αžΆαž– porcelain αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž˜αžΆαž“αž‚αŸ’αžšαŸ„αž„αž‡αžΆ metal αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœαž˜αžΆαž“ margin αžŠαŸ‚αž›αŸ– 1. αž€αŸ†αžšαžΆαžŸαŸ‹ 0,8-1,2 αžšαžΆαž„ shoulder 2. αž˜αžΆαž“αžαŸ’αžŸαŸ‚αž”αž“αŸ’αž‘αžΆαžαŸ‹αž˜αž»αŸ† axio gingival αžšαžΆαž„αž…αŸ’αž”αžΆαžŸαŸ‹αž αžΎαž™αžŸαŸ’αž˜αžΎαžš 3. αž˜αžΆαž“αžαŸ‚αž˜ Cavo surface 90-100 4. αž˜αžΆαž“ limit cervical αž€αŸ’αžšαŸ„αž˜αž’αž‰αŸ’αž‡αžΆαž‰ 2mm
ΟƒΎ (1) , (2) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (1) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (2) αž“αž·αž„ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ αž…αž˜αŸ’αž›αžΎαž™αž‘αžΆαŸ†αž„αž’αžŸαŸ‹αžαžΆαž„αž›αžΎαžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
2. ឝើ Zince phosphate cement , αž˜αžΆαž“αž›αž€αŸ’αžαžŽαŸ‡αžŸαž˜αŸ’αž”αžαž·αŸ’αžαž’αžΈαŸ’αžœαžαŸ’αž›αŸ‡ αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž’αžΆαž…αž²αž‚αŸαž™αž€αžœαžΆαž˜αž€αž”αŸ’αžšαžΎαž‡αžΆ luting agent ? 1. αž—αžΆαž–αž˜αž·αž“αž‡αŸ’αžšαžΆαž”αž‘αžΉαž€ 2. αž”αŸ’αžšαž†αžΆαŸ†αž„αž“αž·αž„αž€αžΆαžšαž˜αžΆαž“ Carie 3. αž€αžΆαžšαž—αŸ’αž‡αžΆαž”αŸ‹αž‡αžΆαž›αž€αŸ’αžαžŽαŸ‡αž‚αžΈαž˜αžΈ 4. αž€αžΆαžšαž‘αžΆαž€αŸ‹αž‡αžΆαž”αŸ‹αž‡αžΆαž›αž€αŸ’αžαžŽαŸ‡αž˜αŸαž€αžΆαž“αž·αž…
Οƒ½ (1) , (2) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (1) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (2) αž“αž·αž„ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
ΟƒΎ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ αž…αž˜αŸ’αž›αžΎαž™αž‘αžΆαŸ†αž„αž’αžŸαŸ‹αžαžΆαž„αž›αžΎαžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
3. αž“αŸ…αž–αŸαž›αž αžΎαž˜αž˜αžΆαž“αž€αžΆαžšαžˆαžΊ αž–αž·αž”αžΆαž€αž‘αŸ†αž–αžΆαžš trismus αž“αž·αž„αž€αžΆαžšαž•αŸ’αž›αžΆαžŸαŸ‹αž‘αžΈαžšαž”αžŸαŸ‹αž€αŸ’αžšαž‘αžΎαžαŸ” αžαžΎαž‘αžΆαŸ†αž„αž“αŸαŸ‡αž‡αžΆαžŸαž‰αŸ’αž‰αžΆαž“αŸƒαž€αžΆαžšαž”αž„αŸ’αž€αžšαž˜αŸαžšαŸ„αž‚αž“αŸ…αžαŸ†αž”αž“αŸ‹αžŽαžΆ?
Οƒ½ Submandibular
ΟƒΎ Lateral parapharyngeal
Sublingual
Οƒ½ Deep temporal
Submasseteric
4. αž’αŸ’αž“αž€αž‡αŸ†αž„αžΊαž‘αžΉαž€αž“αŸ„αž˜αž•αŸ’αž’αŸ‚αž˜αž˜αŸ’αž“αžΆαž€αŸ‹ αž—αŸαž‘αž”αŸ’αžšαž»αžŸ αž’αžΆαž™αž» 22αž†αŸ’αž“αžΆαŸ† αž˜αž€αž‚αŸ’αž›αžΈαž“αž·αž€ αžšαž”αžŸαŸ‹αž’αŸ’αž“αž€αŸ” αž‚αžΆαžαŸ‹αž˜αžΆαž“αž€αžΆαžšαž‚αŸ’αžšαž”αŸ‹αž‚αŸ’αžšαž„αž‡αžΆαžαž· insulin αž”αžΆαž“αž›αŸ’αž’ αž”αŸ‰αž»αž“αŸ’αžαŸ‚αž€αŸ’αžšαŸ„αž™αž–αžΈαž…αžΆαž€αŸ‹αžαŸ’αž“αžΆαŸ†αžŸαŸ’αž–αžΉαž€ lidocain αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž˜αžΆαž“αž…αŸ†αž“αž»αŸ‡1,8ml αž€αŸ†αž αžΆαž”αŸ‹ 2% αž“αž·αž„αž˜αžΆαž“αž‡αžΆαžαž· epinephrine 1: 10000 αžšαž½αž…αž˜αž€ αž‚αžΆαžαŸ‹αž˜αžΆαž“αž’αžΆαžšαž˜αŸ’αž˜αžŽαŸαžœαžΈαž›αž˜αž»αž αž“αž·αž„αžαŸ’αžŸαŸ„αž™αŸ” αž‚αžΆαžαŸ‹αž˜αžΆαž“αžŸαž—αžΆαž–αžŸαŸ’αž›αŸαž€αžŸαŸ’αž›αžΆαŸ†αž„αž‘αŸ„αŸ‡αž”αžΈαž‚αŸαžŠαžΆαž€αŸ‹αžŸαŸ’αž€αžšαž›αžΎαžαŸ’αž„αžΆαžŸαŸ‹αž“αž·αž„ αž”αž”αžΌαž˜αžΆαžαŸ‹αžαžΆαž„αž›αžΎαžšαž”αžŸαŸ‹αž‚αžΆαžαŸ‹αž€αŸαžŠαŸ„αž™αŸ” αžœαž·αž’αžΈαž…αŸ†αž”αž„αž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„αž€αžΆαžšαž‚αŸ’αžšαž”αŸ‹αž‚αŸ’αžšαž„αž’αŸ’αž“αž€αž‡αŸ†αž„αžΊαž“αŸαŸ‡αž“αŸ…αž–αŸαž›αž“αŸαŸ‡αž‚αžΊαŸ–
Οƒ½ αžŠαžΆαž€αŸ‹αžαŸ’αž“αžΆαŸ† Glucagon 1 mg
Οƒ½ αžŠαžΆαž€αŸ‹ Epinephrine 0.5 mg
Οƒ½ αž”αŸ’αžšαžΎαžαŸ’αž“αžΆαŸ† Benadryl ( dipheny dramine ) 50 mg
ΟƒΎ αž›αžΎαž€αž‡αžΎαž„αž‚αžΆαžαŸ‹αž²αžαŸ’αž–αžŸαŸ‹ αž αžΎαž™αž”αž‰αŸ’αž…αžΌαž› OΒ² 100%
Οƒ½ αž αŸ…αž‘αžΆαž“αž–αŸαž‘αŸ’αž™ 119 αž“αž·αž„αž…αžΆαž”αŸ‹αž•αŸ’αžαžΎαž˜ CPR
5. αžαžΎαžŸαžΆαž…αŸ‹αžŠαž»αŸ†αžΆαžŽαžΆαž˜αž½αž™ αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž“αŸ…αž€αŸ’αžšαžΆαž›αž“αŸ…αž”αžΆαžαžšαž”αžŸαŸ‹αž˜αžΆαžαŸ‹ αž˜αž“αž»αžŸαŸ’αžŸαž™αžΎαž„?
Stylohyoid
Digastric
Οƒ½ Genio hyoid
Mylohyoid
Platysma
6. αž€αŸ’αž˜αŸαž„αž’αžΆαž™αž» 8αž†αŸ’αž“αžΆαŸ† αž˜αŸ’αž“αžΆαž€αŸ‹αž˜αžΆαž“αž”αŸ’αžšαž‘αŸ„αŸ‡αž…αŸ’αž“αŸ„αž…αž“αŸ…αž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰αž˜αž»αž… αž”αŸ’αžšαžœαŸ‚αž„ 8mm αžαžΎαž˜αž€αž–αžΈαž˜αžΌαž›αž αŸαžαž»αž’αŸ’αžœαžΈαžαŸ’αž›αŸ‡αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž’αžΆαž…αž”αžŽαŸ’αžŠαžΆαž›αžœαžΆαž€αžΎαžαž˜αžΆαž“αž‘αžΎαž„? 1. αž αŸ’αžšαŸ’αžœαžΆαŸ†αž„αž˜αžΆαžαŸ‹ 2. αž‚αžΈαžŸ 3. αž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰ mesiodens 4. αž‡αžΆαž€αžΆαžšαž›αžΌαžαž›αžΆαžŸαŸ‹αž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰
ΟƒΎ (1) , (2) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (1) αž“αž·αž„ (2) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (2) αž“αž·αž„ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ αž…αž˜αŸ’αž›αžΎαž™αž‘αžΆαŸ†αž„αž’αžŸαŸ‹αžαžΆαž„αž›αžΎαžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
7. αž€αžΆαžšαž–αŸ’αž™αžΆαž”αžΆαž›αžŠαŸ‚αž›αžŸαž˜αžŸαŸ’αžšαž”αž”αŸ†αž•αž»αž αž€αŸ’αžšαŸ„αž™αž–αžΈαž€αžΆαžšαžŠαž€αž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰ αž’αŸ’αž‚αžΆαž˜αž‘αžΉαž€αžŠαŸ„αŸ‡ αž‘αžΈ1 αž…αŸ†αž–αŸ„αŸ‡αž€αŸ’αž˜αŸαž„αž’αžΆαž™αž» 4αž†αŸ’αž“αžΆαŸ† αž“αŸ„αŸ‡αž‚αžΊαŸˆ
Οƒ½ αž€αžΆαžšαžαžΆαž˜αžŠαžΆαž“αž€αžΆαžœαž·αžœαžŒαŸ’αžαž“αŸ αž’αŸαž€αŸ’αžŸαž†αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰ αž’αŸ„αž™αž‘αŸ€αž„αž‘αžΆαžαŸ‹
Οƒ½ αž‚αžŽαž“αžΆαž”αŸ’αžšαžœαŸ‚αž„ αž…αž“αŸ’αž›αŸ„αŸ‡
ΟƒΎ αž”αŸ’αžšαžΎ space maintainer
Οƒ½ αžŠαž€αž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰αžαŸ’αž‚αžΆαž˜αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž“αŸ…αž”αŸ’αžšαžˆαž˜αž‚αŸ’αž“αžΆαž“αžΉαž„αžœαžΆ
Οƒ½ αžŠαž€αž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž“αŸ…αž‡αžΆαž”αŸ‹αž“αžΉαž„αžœαžΆ
8. αžαžΎαž‡αŸ†αž„αžΊαž‘αžΌαž‘αŸ…αžŽαžΆαž˜αž½αž™ αžŠαŸ‚αž›/ឬ αž˜αž·αž“αž”αžŽαŸ’αžŠαžΆαž›αžŠαŸ„αž™αž˜αžΆαž“αž‡αŸ†αž„αžΊ αžšαž›αžΆαž€αž‡αž»αŸ†αžœαž·αž‰αž‡αžΆαž›αž·αž€αžΆαžš αž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰? 1. αž‡αŸ†αž„αžΊαžŠαŸ‚αž›αž˜αžΆαž“ neutrophil αž’αŸ’αž›αžΆαž€αŸ‹αž…αž»αŸ‡ 2. αž‘αžΉαž€αž“αŸ„αž˜ αž•αŸ’αž’αŸ‚αž˜ 3. αž‡αŸ†αž„αžΊ ធ៝ដស៝ 4. Hereditary hypohydrotic ectodermal dysplasia
Οƒ½ (1) , (2) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (1) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (2) αž“αž·αž„ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
ΟƒΎ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ αž…αž˜αŸ’αž›αžΎαž™αž‘αžΆαŸ†αž„αž’αžŸαŸ‹αžαžΆαž„αž›αžΎαžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
9. αž€αžΆαžšαžαž Lateral cephalometric radiograph αž“αŸ…αžαžΆαž„αž’αŸ’αž“αž€αž‡αŸ†αž„αžΊαžŠαŸ‚αž›αž˜αžΆαž“αž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰αž„αžΆαž€ 3mm αž“αŸ„αŸ‡αž€αžΆαžšαžαžαž‚αž½αžšαž’αŸ’αžœαžΎαž‘αžΎαž„ αžŠαŸ„αž™αž’αŸ„αž™αž’αŸ’αž“αž€αž‡αŸ†αž„αžΊ
Οƒ½ Maximum intercuspation
ΟƒΎ αž”αŸ‰αŸ‡αž•αŸ’αž‘αžΆαž›αŸ‹
Οƒ½ αž‘αžΈαžαžΆαŸ†αž„αžŸαŸ†αžšαžΆαž€αž’αž˜αŸ’αž˜αžαžΆ
Οƒ½ αž αžΆαžšαž˜αžΆαžαŸ‹αž’αŸ„αž™αž’αŸ†αž’αžŸαŸ‹
Οƒ½ αž‘αžΈαžαžΆαŸ†αž„αžšαž»αž‰αž‘αŸ…αž˜αž»αž
10. αž€αžΆαžšαžœαž·αžœαžαŸ’αžŠαž“αŸ αž›αžΏαž“αž“αŸƒαž‡αŸ†αž„αžΊαžšαž›αžΆαž€ αž‡αžΆαž›αž·αž€αžΆαž‡αž»αŸ†αžœαž·αž‰ αž’αž‰αŸ’αž…αž‰ αž‚αžΊαŸ– 1. αž€αžΆαžšαž”αžΆαžαž”αž„αŸ‹αž†αŸ’αž’αžΉαž„ αž›αžΏαž“ 2. αž˜αŸαžšαŸ„αž‚αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž”αž„αŸ’αž€αžšαž‡αŸ†αž„αžΊαž’αž‰αŸ’αž…αž‰ 3. αž€αžΆαžšαž…αžΆαž”αŸ‹αž•αŸ’αžŠαžΎαž˜αžœαž·αžœαžαŸ’αžαž“αŸ αž‡αŸ†αž„αžΊαž“αŸαŸ‡αž“αŸ…αž’αžΆαž™αž» 35 αž†αŸ’αž“αžΆαŸ† 4. αž˜αžΆαž“αžŠαŸ†αž”αŸ…αž’αž‰αŸ’αž…αž‰
ΟƒΎ (1) , (2) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (1) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (2) αž“αž·αž„ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ αž…αž˜αŸ’αž›αžΎαž™αž‘αžΆαŸ†αž„αž’αžŸαŸ‹αžαžΆαž„αž›αžΎαžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
11. αž–αŸαž›αž™αž€αž–αž»αž˜αŸ’αž—αž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰αž–αžΈαž˜αžΆαžαŸ‹ αž’αŸ’αž“αž€αž‡αŸ†αž„αžΊ αž‡αž½αž“αž€αžΆαž›αž˜αžΆαž“αž˜αŸ’αžŸαŸ…αž’αŸ’αž›αžΆαž€αŸ‹αž…αžΌαž›αž”αŸ†αž–αž„αŸ‹αž€αžš αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž’αŸ’αžœαžΎαž’αŸ„αž™αž’αŸ’αž“αž€αž‡αŸ†αž„αžΊ αž€αŸ’αž’αž€ αž“αž·αž„ αž–αž·αž”αžΆαž€ αžŠαž€αžŠαž„αŸ’αž αžΎαž˜ & αž’αŸ’αž“αž€αž‚αž½αžšαžαŸ‚αŸ–
Οƒ½ αž™αž€αžŠαŸƒαžšαž»αž‰αž–αŸ„αŸ‡αž‚αžΆαžαŸ‹αž—αŸ’αž›αžΆαž˜ αž“αŸ…αž•αŸ’αž…αž·αžαž‚αžΆαžαŸ‹
Οƒ½ αž™αž€αžŠαŸƒαžšαž»αž‰αž–αŸ„αŸ‡αž‚αžΆαžαŸ‹ αž”αŸ’αžŠαž»αŸ†αžŸαž“αŸ’αž‘αŸ‡αž‘αŸ’αžšαžΌαž„ 6 αž‘αŸ… 10 αžŠαž„
Οƒ½ αž™αž€αžŠαŸƒαž‘αŸ‡αžαŸ’αž“αž„αž‚αžΆαžαŸ‹αžŠαŸ„αž™ αžŠαžΆαž€αžŠαŸƒαž…αž“αŸ’αž›αŸ„αŸ‡ αž€αžŽαŸ’αžŠαžΆαž›αžŸαŸ’αž˜αžΆ
Οƒ½ αž’αŸ„αž™αž‚αžΆαžαŸ‹αž•αžΉαž€ αž‘αžΉαž€αžαŸ’αžšαž‡αžΆαž€αŸ‹ αžŠαŸ„αž™αž˜αž·αž“αžŠαž€αžŠαž„αŸ’αž αžΎαž˜
ΟƒΎ αž’αŸ„αž™αž’αŸ’αž“αž€αž‡αŸ†αž„αžΊ αž”αŸ’αžšαžΉαž„αž€αŸ’αž’αž€
12. αž€αŸ’αž˜αŸαž„αž”αŸ’αžšαž»αžŸαž’αžΆαž™αž» 12αž†αŸ’αž“αžΆαŸ† αž˜αŸ’αž“αžΆαž€αŸ‹ αž˜αžΆαž“class II molar relationship αž αžΎαž™αž˜αžΆαž“αž‘αŸ†αž›αžΆαž”αŸ‹ αž”αŸ€αž˜αž˜αŸαžŠαŸƒαž›αŸαž„ 2 αž‚αžΆαžαŸ‹αž˜αžΆαž“ SNA 830, SNB= 790 . αž˜αžΌαž›αž αŸαžαž»αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž‚αžΆαžαŸ‹αž˜αžΆαž“ malocclusion αž‚αžΊαŸ–
Αž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰
Οƒ½ αž‚αŸ’αžšαŸ„αž„αž†αŸ’αž’αžΉαž„
ΟƒΎ αžŸαžΆαž…αŸ‹αžŠαž»αŸ† αž“αž·αž„ αžŸαžšαžŸαŸƒαž”αŸ’αžšαžŸαžΆαž‘
Οƒ½ αž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰ αž“αž·αž„ αžŸαžšαžŸαŸƒαž”αŸ’αžšαžŸαžΆαž‘ αžŸαžΆαž…αŸ‹αžŠαž»αŸ†
Οƒ½ αž‚αŸ’αžšαŸ„αž„αž†αŸ’αž’αžΉαž„ αž“αž·αž„ αžŸαžšαžŸαŸƒαž”αŸ’αžšαžŸαžΆαž‘ αžŸαžΆαž…αŸ‹αžŠαž»αŸ†
13. Lee way space αž“αŸ…αž€αŸ’αž˜αŸαž„ αž’αžΆαž™αž» 8αž†αŸ’αž“αžΆαŸ† αŸ–
Οƒ½ αžœαžΆαž“αž·αž„ αž•αŸ’αžŠαž›αŸ‹αž…αž“αŸ’αž›αŸ„αŸ‡ αžŸαŸ†αžšαžΆαž”αž’αŸ„αž™ premolar αž–αŸ’αžšαŸ„αŸ‡ permanent incisor αžŠαž»αŸ‡
Οƒ½ αžœαžΆαž˜αžΆαž“αž”αŸ’αžšαžœαŸ‚αž„αž“αŸ… αž’αŸαž€αŸ’αžŸ maxillary αž’αŸ†αž‡αžΆαž„αž“αŸ… αž’αŸαž€αŸ’αžŸ mandible
Οƒ½ αž€αžΎαžαž‘αžΎαž„αžŠαŸ„αž™αžŸαžΆαžšαž†αžΆαž”αŸ‹αžŠαž€αžαŸ’αž‚αžΆαž˜ αž‘αžΉαž€αžŠαŸ„αŸ‡αž…αŸαž‰
ΟƒΎ αž˜αžΆαž“αž”αŸ’αžšαžœαŸ‚αž„αž”αŸ’αžšαž αŸ‚αž› 3,5mm αž“αŸ…αž’αŸαž€αŸ’αžŸ mandible
Οƒ½ αžŸαž˜αŸ’αžšαž½αž›αžŠαž›αŸ‹αž€αžΆαžšαžŠαž»αŸ‡αž…αŸαž‰αž“αŸƒ premolar αž–αŸ’αžšαŸ„αŸ‡ premolar αž˜αžΆαž“αž‘αŸ†αž αŸ†αž’αŸ†αž‡αžΆαž„αžαŸ’αž‚αžΆαž˜αž‘αžΉαž€αžŠαŸ„αŸ‡
14. Osteomyelitis αž“αŸ…αž†αŸ’αž’αžΉαž„ mandible αž€αžΎαžαž€αŸ’αžšαŸ„αž™αž–αžΈαž˜αžΆαž“ αŸ– 1. αž€αžΆαžšαž–αŸ’αž™αžΆαž”αžΆαž›αžŠαŸ„αž™αž€αžΆαŸ†αžšαžŸαŸ’αž˜αžΈ 2. Dento alveolar abscess 3. αž”αžΆαž€αŸ‹αž†αŸ’αž’αžΉαž„ 4. Vincen’s angina
Οƒ½ (1) , (2) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (1) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (2) αž“αž·αž„ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
ΟƒΎ αž…αž˜αŸ’αž›αžΎαž™αž‘αžΆαŸ†αž„αž’αžŸαŸ‹αžαžΆαž„αž›αžΎαžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
15. αž’αŸ’αž“αž€αž‡αŸ†αž„αžΊαž˜αŸ’αž“αžΆαž€αŸ‹αž…αž„αŸ‹αžŠαž€αž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž“αŸ…αžŸαž›αŸ‹αž‘αžΆαŸ†αž„αžšαž”αžŸαŸ‹αž‚αžΆαžαŸ‹ αžŠαžΎαž˜αŸ’αž”αžΈαž’αŸ’αžœαžΎαž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰αžŸαŸ’αž“αž·αž αž–αžΆαž€αŸ‹αžœαž·αž‰αŸ” αž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰αž‘αžΆαŸ†αž„αž’αžŸαŸ‹αž“αŸ„αŸ‡αžŸαž»αž‘αŸ’αž’αžαŸ‚αž–αž»αž€αž‡αŸ’αžšαŸ…αžŠαž›αŸ‹αž‚αž»αž˜ αž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰ (dentition) αž‘αžΆαŸ†αž„αž’αžŸαŸ‹ αž”αŸ‰αž»αž“αŸ’αžŠαŸ‚ αž‡αžΆαž›αž·αž€αžΆαž‡αŸ†αžœαž·αž‰αž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰ αž‚αžΊ αž›αŸ’αž’αŸ” αžœαž·αž’αžΈαž‚αŸ’αžšαž”αŸ‹αž‚αŸ’αžšαž„ ដ៝ αž›αŸ’αž’αž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„αž–αŸαž›αž“αŸαŸ‡αž‚αžΊ 1. αž‚αŸ„αžšαž–αžαžΆαž˜αž€αžΆαžšαžŸαŸ†αžšαŸαž…αž…αž·αžαŸ’αž αžšαž”αžŸαŸ‹αž‡αŸ†αž„αžΊ 2. αž‘αž“αŸ’αž˜αžΆαž“αž’αŸ’αž“αž€αž‡αŸ†αž„αžΊ αž’αŸ„αž™αž‚αžΆαžαŸ‹αž‘αŸ…αž‡αž½αž” αž’αŸ’αž“αž€ αž―αž€αž‘αŸαžŸ 3. αž–αž·αž—αžΆαž€αŸ’αžŸαžΆαž‡αžΆαž˜αž½αž™αž‚αžΆαžαŸ‹αž“αžΌαžœαž‡αŸ†αžšαžΎαžŸαž–αŸ’αž™αžΆαž”αžΆαž› αž•αŸ’αžŸαŸαž„αŸ— αžŠαŸαž‘αŸƒαž‘αŸ€αžαžŠαŸ‚αž›αžŸαž˜αžŸαŸ’αžšαž”αž…αŸ†αž–αŸ„αŸ‡αž‚αžΆαžαŸ‹ 4. αž”αž€αŸαžŸαŸαž’αž“αŸαž˜αž·αž“ αž’αŸ’αžœαžΎαž€αžΆαžšαž”αž‰αŸ’αž…αžΌαž“αž‚αžΆαžαŸ‹αž‘αŸ…αž‚αŸ’αžšαžΌαž–αŸαž‘αŸ’αž™αž•αŸ’αžŸαŸαž„ ឬ αž˜αž·αž“αž–αŸ’αž™αžΆαž”αžΆαž›αž‚αžΆαžαŸ‹αžαŸ‚αž˜αŸ’αžŠαž„ αž–αŸ’αžšαŸ„αŸ‡αžœαžΆαž€αžΆαž‡αžΆαž˜αž·αž“αžŸαž˜αžšαž˜αŸ’αž™
ΟƒΎ (1) , (2) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (1) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (2) αž“αž·αž„ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ αž…αž˜αŸ’αž›αžΎαž™αž‘αžΆαŸ†αž„αž’αžŸαŸ‹αžαžΆαž„αž›αžΎαžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
16. αž€αŸ’αž“αž„αž…αŸ†αž“αŸ„αž˜αžαŸ’αž“αžΆαŸ†αžαžΆαž„αž€αŸ’αžšαŸ„αž˜ αžαžΎαžαŸ’αž“αžΆαŸ†αž˜αž½αž™αžΆαž“αžΆαžŠαŸ‚αž›αž˜αžΆαž“αž”αŸ’αžšαžŸαž·αž‘αŸ’αž’αž—αžΆαž–αž‡αžΆαž„ αž‚αŸαž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„αž€αžΆαžšαž–αŸ’αž™αžΆαž”αžΆαž› Angular cheilosis ?"
Penicillin
Erythromycin
Tetracycline
Clindamycin
Nystatin
17. αž€αžΆαžšαžšαž„αž”αž½αž›αž›αžΎαž˜αž»αž αž‡αžΆαž‰αžΉαž€αž‰αž™ αž’αžΆαž…αž”αžŽαŸ’αžŠαžΆαž›αž’αŸ„αž™αž˜αžΆαž“αŸ–
Οƒ½ αž€αžΆαžšαžšαž½αž˜αžŸαŸ’αžœαž·αž αžŸαžΆαž…αŸ‹αžŠαž»αŸ† Masseter
Οƒ½ Osteo sarcoma
Οƒ½ Suppurative myositis
ΟƒΎ Ossifying myositis
Οƒ½ Ossifying periostitis
18. αžαžΎαž—αžΆαž–αž˜αž·αž“αž”αŸ’αžšαž€αŸ’αžšαžαžΈαž–αžΈαž€αŸ†αž€αžΎαžαžŠαŸ‚αž›αž‘αžΆαžαž‘αž„ αž“αžΉαž„ αž€αŸ’αž”αžΆαž› αž“αž·αž„ αž€ αž˜αž½αž™αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž€αžΎαžαž‰αžΉαž€αž‰αžΆαž”αŸ‹αž‡αžΆαž„αž‚αŸ?
Οƒ½ Cystic hygroma colli
ΟƒΎ αž†αŸ‚αž”αž€αŸ’αžšαž’αžΌαž” (clef palate)
Οƒ½ Encephalo trigminal angio matosis
Οƒ½ αž”αž”αžΌαžšαž˜αžΆαžαŸ‹2 (double lip)
Οƒ½ Commissural pits
19. Caries αž“αŸ…αž•αŸ’αž‘αŸƒαž˜αž»αžαž αžΎαž™αžšαž›αŸ„αž„ αžœαžΆαž…αžΆαž”αŸ‹αž•αŸ’αžŠαžΎαž˜αž€αžΎαžαž“αŸ…αžαŸ†αž”αž“αŸ‹1 αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž“αŸ…αŸ–
ΟƒΎ αž•αŸ’αž‘αŸƒαžαžΆαž„αž€αŸ’αžšαŸ… αž“αŸƒ enamel αž“αž·αž„ dentin
Οƒ½ αž•αŸ’αž‘αŸƒαžαžΆαž„αž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„ αž“αŸƒ enamel
Οƒ½ αž•αŸ’αž‘αŸƒαžαžΆαž„αž€αŸ’αžšαŸ… αž“αŸƒ dentin
Οƒ½ αž•αŸ’αž‘αŸƒαžαžΆαž„αž€αŸ’αžšαŸ… αž“αŸƒ enamel
Οƒ½ αž•αŸ’αž‘αŸƒαžαžΆαž„αž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„ αž“αŸƒ dentin
20. αž€αžΆαžšαž”αŸ’αžšαžΎαž”αŸ’αžšαžΆαžŸαŸ‹ etcging αž“αž·αž„ bonding αž˜αž»αž“αž“αžΉαž„αžŠαžΆαž€αŸ‹ composite resin αž’αŸ„αž™αž•αž› 1. αž’αŸ’αžœαžΎαž’αŸ„αž™αž›αŸ’αž’αž”αŸ’αžšαžŸαžΎαžšαžŠαž›αŸ‹αž€αžΆαžšαž‡αžΆαž”αŸ‹αž“αŸƒαž€αžΆαžšαž”αŸ‰αŸ‡ 2. αžαž™αž…αž»αŸ‡αž“αŸƒαž€αžΆαžšαž›αŸαž…αž‡αŸ’αžšαžΆαž”αžαžΆαž˜αž‚αŸ‚αž˜αžαžΆαž„αŸ— 3. αž€αžΆαžαŸ‹αž”αž“αŸ’αžαž™αž”αŸ’αžšαžŸαž·αž‘αŸ’αž’αž—αžΆαž–αž“αŸƒαž€αžΆαžšαžšαž½αž‰ polymerization 4. αžšαž·αžαžαŸ‚αž˜αžΆαŸ†αž‡αžΆαž”αŸ‹αž‘αžΎαž„αž“αŸƒαž”αŸ†αžŽαŸ‡αž“αŸ„αŸ‡
ΟƒΎ (1) , (2) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (1) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (2) αž“αž·αž„ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ αž…αž˜αŸ’αž›αžΎαž™αž‘αžΆαŸ†αž„αž’αžŸαŸ‹αžαžΆαž„αž›αžΎαžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
21. αž˜αž½αž™αžŽαžΆαž“αŸƒαžαŸ’αž“αžΆαŸ†αžαžΆαž„αž€αŸ’αžšαŸ„αž˜αž“αŸαŸ‡ αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž αžΆαž˜αž”αŸ’αžšαžΎαž”αŸ’αžšαžΆαžŸαŸ‹αž…αŸ†αž–αŸ„αŸ‡αž’αŸ’αž“αž€αž‡αŸ†αž„αžΊαžŠαŸ‚αž›αž€αŸ†αž–αž»αž„αž›αŸαž”αžαŸ’αž“αžΆαŸ† Coumadin αŸ–
Acetominophen
Penicillin
ΟƒΎ Acetylsalicylic acid
Codeine
Clindamycin
22. Sensitivity αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž‘αžΆαž€αŸ‹αž‘αž„αž‘αŸ…αž“αžΉαž„αž€αž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž‚αŸ’αž˜αžΆαž“ caries αž‚αžΊαž›αŸ’αž’αž”αŸ†αž•αž»αžαžŠαŸ„αž™αž–αž“αŸ’αž™αž›αŸ‹αžαžΆαŸ–
Οƒ½ αž€αžΆαžšαž…αŸ†αž›αž„αž€αŸ†αžŠαŸ…αž“αŸƒ dentin
ΟƒΎ αžαžΆαž˜αž‘αŸ’αžšαžΉαžŸαŸ’αžαžΈ hydrodynamic
Οƒ½ αžŠαŸ†αžŽαžΎαžšαž“αŸƒαž€αžΆαžšαž”αž„αŸ’αž€αžΎαž dentin (dentonogenesis)
Οƒ½ αž™αž“αŸ’αžαž€αžΆαžšαžαžΆαž˜αž…αŸ’αžšαž€αž€αŸ„αžŸαž·αž€αžΆαžš
Οƒ½ αžŸαž˜αžΆαžŸαž—αžΆαž– ignorganic αž“αŸƒ dentin
23. αž€αž€αŸ’αžαžΆαžαžΆαž„αž€αŸ’αžšαŸ„αž˜αž“αŸαŸ‡αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž˜αžΆαž“αž₯αž‘αŸ’αž’αž·αž–αž›αž‘αŸ…αž›αžΎ polymerizination αž“αŸƒαž–αž“αŸ’αž›αžΊαžŠαŸ‚αž›αž’αžΆαž…αž˜αžΎαž›αžƒαžΎαž‰αžŸαŸ†αžšαžΆαž”αŸ‹αž’αŸ’αžœαžΎαž’αŸ„αž™ composite resin αžšαžΉαž„ 1. αž–αžŽαŸŒ 2. αž€αŸ†αžšαžΆαžŸαŸ‹ composite 3. αž—αžΆαž–αž‡αž·αžαž“αŸƒαž”αŸ’αžšαž—αž–αž–αž“αŸ’αž›αžΊ 4. αžŸαžΈαžαž»αžŽαŸ’αž αž—αžΆαž–αž“αŸƒ composite
ΟƒΎ (1) , (2) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (1) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (2) αž“αž·αž„ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ αž…αž˜αŸ’αž›αžΎαž™αž‘αžΆαŸ†αž„αž’αžŸαŸ‹αžαžΆαž„αž›αžΎαžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
24. αž’αŸ’αž“αž€αž‡αŸ†αž„αžΊαž˜αŸ’αž“αžΆαž€αŸ‹αž”αžΆαž“αžαŸ’αž’αžΌαž‰αžαŸ’αž’αŸ‚αžšαžαžΆ αž˜αžΆαž“αž—αžΆαž–αžŸαŸ’αžšαŸ€αžœαžŸαž„αŸ’αž‚αŸ€αž“αŸ…αžαŸ’αž„αŸƒαžŠαŸ‚αž›αž”αžΆαž“αž”αŸ‰αŸ‡ composite resin αžŸαŸ†αžšαžΆαž”αŸ‹αž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰αžαžΆαž„αž€αŸ’αžšαŸ„αž™αŸ” αž˜αžΌαž›αž αŸαžαž»αžŠαŸαž‚αž½αžšαž”αŸ†αž•αž»αžαž‚αžΊαŸ–
Οƒ½ acid etching
ΟƒΎ αž€αžΆαžšαž›αŸαž…αž‡αŸ’αžšαžΆαž”αžαžΆαž˜αžšαž“αŸ’αž’αžαžΌαž…αŸ—
Οƒ½ αž˜αž€αž–αžΈ unpolymerized resin
Οƒ½ αž€αžΆαžšαž”αžΆαž‰αŸ‹αž–αž“αŸ’αž›αžΊαž™αžΌαžš
Οƒ½ αž€αŸ†αžšαžΆαžŸαŸ‹αž”αžΆαžαž˜αž·αž“αž‚αŸ’αžšαž”αŸ‹αž‚αŸ’αžšαžΆαž“αŸ‹
25. αž’αŸ’αž“αž€αž‡αŸ†αž„αžΊαž˜αŸ’αž“αžΆαž€αŸ‹αž”αžΆαž“αžαŸ’αž’αžΌαž‰αžαŸ’αž’αŸ‚αžšαžαžΆ αž˜αžΆαž“αž—αžΆαž–αžŸαŸ’αžšαŸ€αžœαžŸαž„αŸ’αž‚αŸ€αž“αŸ…αžαŸ’αž„αŸƒαžŠαŸ‚αž›αž”αžΆαž“αž”αŸ‰αŸ‡ composite resin αž“αŸ…αž›αžΎαž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰αžαžΆαž„αž€αŸ’αžšαŸ„αž™αŸ” αž˜αžΌαž›αž αŸαžαž»αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž’αžΆαž…αž”αŸ†αž•αž»αžαž‚αžΊαŸ–
Οƒ½ acid etching
ΟƒΎ αž€αžΆαžšαž›αŸαž…αž‡αŸ’αžšαžΆαž”αžαžΆαž˜αžšαž“αŸ’αž’αžαžΌαž…αŸ—
Οƒ½ αž˜αž€αž–αžΈ unpolymerized resin
Οƒ½ αž€αžΆαžšαž”αžΆαž‰αŸ‹αž–αž“αŸ’αž›αžΊαž™αžΌαžš
Οƒ½ αž€αŸ†αžšαžΆαžŸαŸ‹αž”αžΆαžαž˜αž·αž“αž‚αŸ’αžšαž”αŸ‹αž‚αŸ’αžšαžΆαž“αŸ‹
26. αž…αŸ†αž“αž»αž…αžαžΆαž„αž€αŸ’αžšαŸ„αž˜αž“αŸαŸ‡αž˜αž½αž™αžŽαžΆαž‡αžΆαž…αŸ†αž“αž»αž…αžŸαŸ†αžαžΆαž“αŸ‹αž…αŸ†αž–αŸ„αŸ‡αžŠαŸ†αž“αžΎαžšαž€αžΆαžšαž•αŸ’αž‡αžΆαž”αŸ‹ Cement αž‡αžΆαž˜αž½αž™αž“αžΉαž„ porcelain veneer?
Οƒ½ αž€αžΆαžšαžŠαžΆαž€αŸ‹ primer αž˜αž½αž™αžŸαŸ’αžšαž‘αžΆαž”αŸ‹
Οƒ½ αž€αžΆαžšαžŠαžΆαž€αŸ‹ Silane αž“αŸ…αž›αžΎαž•αŸ’αž‘αŸƒαžŠαŸ‚αž›αž˜αž·αž“αž”αžΆαž“αžŠαžΆαž€αŸ‹ Etching
Οƒ½ αž€αžΆαžšαžŠαžΆαž€αŸ‹αžŸαŸ’αžšαž‘αžΆαž”αŸ‹ opaque
ΟƒΎ αž€αžΆαžšαžŠαžΆαž€αŸ‹ Etching αž•αŸ’αž‘αŸƒαžαžΆαž„αž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„αž‡αžΆαž˜αž½αž™αž“αžΉαž„ hydrofluoric acid
Οƒ½ αž€αžΆαžšαžŠαžΆαž€αŸ‹ Etching αž•αŸ’αž‘αŸƒαžαžΆαž„αž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„αž‡αžΆαž˜αž½αž™αž“αžΉαž„ phosphoric acid
27. αžŸαŸ’αžαžΆαž“αž—αžΆαž–αžαžΆαž„αž€αŸ’αžšαŸ„αž˜ αž’αžΆαž…αž‡αžΆαž›αž‘αŸ’αž’αž•αž›αž”αžŽαŸ’αžαžΆαž›αž’αŸ„αž™ Complete dentures αž˜αž·αž“αž‡αžΆαž”αŸ‹ 1. αž‡αžΆαž›αž·αž€αžΆαž‘αž“αŸ‹αž˜αžΆαž“ hyperplasia 2. αž‚αŸ‚αž˜ alveolar αžŸαŸ’αžšαž€αž…αž»αŸ‡ 3. αž˜αžΆαž“αž‡αŸ†αž„αžΊαž”αž”αžΌαžšαž˜αžΆαžαŸ‹ angular cheilitis 4. αž˜αžΆαž“αž‡αŸ†αž„αžΊ carcinoma
Οƒ½ (1) , (2) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (1) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (2) αž“αž·αž„ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
ΟƒΎ αž…αž˜αŸ’αž›αžΎαž™αž‘αžΆαŸ†αž„αž’αžŸαŸ‹αžαžΆαž„αž›αžΎαžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
28. αž’αŸ’αž“αž€αž‡αž˜αŸ’αž„αžΊαžŸαž»αžαž—αžΆαž–αž›αŸ’αž’αž˜αŸ’αž“αžΆαž€αŸ‹αž’αžΆαž™αž» 78αž†αŸ’αž“αžΆαŸ† αž˜αžΆαž“ Carious lesions αžαŸ’αž˜αžΈαž”αžΈαž“αŸ…αž›αžΎαž•αŸ’αž‘αŸƒαž“αŸƒαž«αžŸαž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰αŸ” αž—αžΆαž‚αž…αŸ’αžšαžΎαž“αžœαžΆαž‚αž½αžšαž‡αžΆαž›αž‘αŸ’αž’αž•αž›αž“αŸƒαŸ–
Οƒ½ αž’αžΆαž™αž»αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž‘αžΆαž€αŸ‹αž‘αž„αž“αžΉαž„αž€αžΆαžšαž”αŸ’αžšαŸ‚αž”αŸ’αžšαž½αž›αž“αŸƒαžŸαž˜αžΆαžŸαž—αžΆαž–αžšαž”αžŸαŸ‹ Cementum Composition
Οƒ½ The architecture αž“αŸ…αž― CEJ
ΟƒΎ αž’αžΆαž™αž»αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž‘αžΆαž€αŸ‹αž‘αž„αž“αžΉαž„αž€αžΆαžšαž€αžΆαžšαžαž™αž…αž»αŸ‡αž“αžΉαž„ salivary flow
Οƒ½ αž€αžΆαžšαž•αŸ’αž›αžΆαžŸαŸ‹αž”αŸ’αžαžΌαžšαž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„αž›αŸ†αž“αžΆαŸ†αž“αŸƒαžšαž”αž”αž’αžΆαž αžΆαžš
Οƒ½ αž‡αž˜αŸ’αž„αžΊαž’αž‰αŸ’αž…αžΆαž‰αžšαŸ‰αžΆαŸ†αžšαŸ‰αŸƒ (Chronic periodontal disease)
29. Primordial Cyst αž’αžΆαž…αž‡αžΆαž›αž‘αŸ’αž’αž•αž›αž˜αž€αž–αžΈαŸ–
ΟƒΎ αž€αžΆαžšαž…αž»αŸ‡αžαŸ’αžŸαŸ„αž™αžšαž”αžŸαŸ‹ cystic αž“αŸƒ stellate reticulum αž˜αž»αž“αž–αŸαž›αž€αž€αžΎαžαž“αŸƒαž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰
Οƒ½ αžŸαŸ†αžŽαž›αŸ‹ epithelial αž“αŸ…αž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„ periodontal ligament
Οƒ½ αž€αžΆαžšαžšαžΆαž›αžŠαžΆαž›αž“αŸƒαž€αžΆαžšαžšαž›αžΆαž€ pulp αž”αž“αŸ’αž‘αžΆαž”αŸ‹αž–αžΈ pulp αž„αžΆαž”αŸ‹
Οƒ½ αž€αžΆαžšαžαž€αžαžΆαž“αž“αŸƒ αž€αžΆαžšαž€αž€αžΎαžαžšαž”αžŸαŸ‹ enamel matrix
Οƒ½ The dental lamina
30. αž€αžΆαžšαž–αŸ’αž™αžΆαž”αžΆαž›αžŸαž˜αž‚αž½αžšαž”αŸ†αž•αž»αžαž“αŸƒ necrotizing ulcerative periodontitis (NUP) αž…αŸ†αž–αŸ„αŸ‡αž’αŸ’αž“αž€αž‡αž˜αŸ’αž„αžΊαžŠαŸ‚αž›αž˜αž·αž“αž˜αžΆαž“αž‚αŸ’αžšαž»αž“αž€αŸ’αžαŸ… αž“αž·αž„αž˜αž·αž“αž˜αžΆαž“αž‡αž˜αŸ’αž„αžΊ lymphadenopathy αž‚αžΊαŸ– 1. αž€αžΆαžšαž›αžΆαž„αžŸαŸ†αž’αžΆαž αž‡αžΆαž›αž·αž€αžΆαž‡αž»αŸ†αžœαž·αž‰αž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰ periodontal debridement 2. αž–αŸ’αž™αžΆαž”αžΆαž›αžŠαŸ„αž™ antibiotic 3. αž€αžΆαžšαž’αž”αŸ‹αžšαŸ†αž’αž“αžΆαž˜αŸαž™αž˜αžΆαžαŸ‹αž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰ 4. αž–αŸ’αž™αžΆαž”αžΆαž›αžŠαŸ„αž™ topical steroid
Οƒ½ (1) , (2) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
ΟƒΎ (1) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (2) αž“αž·αž„ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ αž…αž˜αŸ’αž›αžΎαž™αž‘αžΆαŸ†αž„αž’αžŸαŸ‹αžαžΆαž„αž›αžΎαžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
31. αž“αŸ…αž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„αž€αžΆαžšαž–αŸ’αž™αžΆαž”αžΆαž›αž‡αžΆαž›αž·αž€αžΆαž‡αž»αŸ†αžœαž·αž‰αž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰“ guided tissue regeneration” αž‚αžΊαž˜αžΆαž“αž‡αŸ„αž‚αž‡αŸαž™αž”αŸ†αž•αž»αžαžŠαŸ„αž™αž–αŸ’αž™αžΆαž”αžΆαž› 1. αž€αžΆαžšαž”αžΆαžαŸ‹αž”αž„αŸ‹ horizontal bone 2. a 3-walled infrabony defect 3. αž‘αžΆαž€αŸ‹αž‘αž„αž‘αŸ…αž“αžΉαž„a mandibular Class III furcation 4. αž‘αžΆαž€αŸ‹αž‘αž„αž‘αŸ…αž“αžΉαž„ a mandibular Class II furcation
Οƒ½ (1) , (2) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (1) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
ΟƒΎ (2) αž“αž·αž„ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ αž…αž˜αŸ’αž›αžΎαž™αž‘αžΆαŸ†αž„αž’αžŸαŸ‹αžαžΆαž„αž›αžΎαžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
32. αž–αŸαž›αžŽαžΆαžŠαŸ‚αž›αž…αž„αŸ’αž€αžΌαž˜αž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰αžŸαŸ’αžšαž»αž€αžαžΆαž„αž›αžΎ (maxillary permanent canine) αžŠαž»αŸ‡αž…αŸαž‰αž˜αž€αŸ–
Οƒ½ αž˜αž»αž“αž…αž„αŸ’αž€αžΌαž˜αž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰αžŸαŸ’αžšαž»αž€αžαžΆαž„αž€αŸ’αžšαŸ„αž˜ (mandibular permanent canine)
Οƒ½ αž˜αž»αž“αžαŸ’αž‚αžΆαž˜αžαžΌαž…αž‘αžΈαŸ‘ αžαžΆαž„αž›αžΎ (maxillary first premolar)
ΟƒΎ αž˜αž»αž“αžαŸ’αž‚αžΆαž˜αž’αŸ†αž‘αžΈαŸ’αž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰αžŸαŸ’αžšαž»αž€αžαžΆαž„αž›αžΎ (maxillary second permanent molar)
Οƒ½ αž”αž“αŸ’αž‘αžΆαž”αŸ‹αž–αžΈ αžαŸ’αž‚αžΆαž˜αž’αŸ†αž‘αžΈαŸ’αž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰αžŸαŸ’αžšαž»αž€αžαžΆαž„αž›αžΎ (maxillary second permanent molar)
Οƒ½ αž…αŸ†αž›αžΎαž™αž‘αžΆαŸ†αž„αž’αžŸαŸ‹αžαžΆαž„αž›αžΎαž˜αž·αž“αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
33. αž˜αž½αž™αžŽαžΆαž“αŸƒαžαžΆαž„αž€αŸ’αžšαŸ„αž˜αž“αŸαŸ‡ αž‘αžΆαž€αŸ‹αž‘αž„αž‡αžΆαž˜αž½αž™αž“αžΉαž„αž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž˜αž·αž“αžŠαž»αŸ‡αž…αŸαž‰ (unerupted tooth) 1. Odontogenic adenomatoid tumor 2. Periapical cemental dysplasia 3. Calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor 4. Cementoblastoma
Οƒ½ (1) , (2) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
ΟƒΎ (1) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (2) αž“αž·αž„ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ αž…αž˜αŸ’αž›αžΎαž™αž‘αžΆαŸ†αž„αž’αžŸαŸ‹αžαžΆαž„αž›αžΎαžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
34. αž—αžΆαž–αž’αŸ’αž„αž“αŸ‹αž’αŸ’αž„αžšαž“αŸƒαž€αžΆαžšαžšαž›αžΆαž€αž‡αžΆαž›αž·αž€αžΆαž‡αž»αŸ†αžœαž·αž‰αž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰ (periodontitis) αž‚αžΊαž’αžΆαžŸαŸ’αžšαŸαž™αž‘αŸ…αž“αžΉαž„ 1. αž—αžΆαž–αž’αž“αŸ‹αž”αžΆαž“αž“αŸƒαž’αŸ’αž“αž€αž‘αž‘αž½αž›αžšαž„ 2. αž€αžΆαžšαž˜αžΆαž“αž›αŸ†αž“αžΉαž„αž“αŸƒ occlusion (balancing occlusal) 3. αž€αžΆαžšαžšαŸ†αžαžΆαž“ (interferences) 4. αž—αžΆαž–αž’αŸ’αž„αž“αŸ‹αž’αŸ’αž„αžšαž“αŸƒ αž”αžΆαž€αŸ‹αžαŸαžšαžΈ (bacterial virulence)
Οƒ½ (1) , (2) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (1) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (2) αž“αž·αž„ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
ΟƒΎ αž…αž˜αŸ’αž›αžΎαž™αž‘αžΆαŸ†αž„αž’αžŸαŸ‹αžαžΆαž„αž›αžΎαžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
35. αž€αŸ„αžŸαž·αž€αžΆαžαžΆαž„αž€αŸ’αžšαŸ„αž˜αž˜αž½αž™αžŽαžΆαžŠαŸ‚αž›αž‘αžΆαž€αŸ‹αž‘αž„αž‘αŸ…αž“αžΉαž„αž€αžΆαžšαž†αŸ’αž›αžΎαž™αžαž”αž“αŸƒαž—αžΆαž–αžŸαŸŠαžΆαŸ† (immune response) αž‘αŸ…αž“αžΉαž„plaque αž“αŸ…αž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„ periodontal pocket? 1. Macrophages 2. Plasma cells 3. Lymphocytes 4. Neutrophils
Οƒ½ (1) , (2) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (1) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (2) αž“αž·αž„ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
ΟƒΎ αž…αž˜αŸ’αž›αžΎαž™αž‘αžΆαŸ†αž„αž’αžŸαŸ‹αžαžΆαž„αž›αžΎαžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
36. Organism (s) αžŠαŸαžŸαŸ†αžαžΆαž“αŸ‹ αž…αžΌαž›αžšαž½αž˜αž‡αžΆαž˜αž½αž™ chronic (adult) periodontitis αž‚αžΊαŸ– 1. Prevotella intermedia 2. Pseudomonas aeruginosa 3. Porphyromonas gingivalis 4. Heliobacter pilori
Οƒ½ (1) , (2) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
ΟƒΎ (1) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (2) αž“αž·αž„ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ αž…αž˜αŸ’αž›αžΎαž™αž‘αžΆαŸ†αž„αž’αžŸαŸ‹αžαžΆαž„αž›αžΎαžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
37. αž€αžΆαžšαž”αž“αŸ’αžαž‡αž€αŸ‹αž”αžΆαžšαžΈ αž“αžΉαž„αž’αŸ’αžœαžΎαž’αŸ„αž™αžšαž”αž½αžŸαž€αŸ’αžšαžŸαŸ‡αž”αž“αŸ’αž‘αžΆαž”αŸ‹αž–αžΈαž’αŸ’αžœαžΎαž€αžΆαžšαžœαŸ‡αž€αžΆαžαŸ‹ αžŠαŸ„αž™αžŸαžΆαžšαŸˆαŸ–
Οƒ½ αžŸαŸ’αž“αžΆαž˜αž”αŸ’αžšαž›αžΆαž€αŸ‹αž…αŸαŸ‡αžαŸ‚αž˜αžΆαž“
Οƒ½ αž€αžΆαžšαž”αž„αŸ’αž€αžšαž‡αžΆ plaque αž˜αžΆαž“αž’αžΆαžαŸ’αžšαžΆαž€αžΎαž“αž‘αžΎαž„
Οƒ½ αž€αžΆαžšαž”αž„αŸ’αž€αžšαž‡αžΆ calculus αž˜αžΆαž“αž’αžΆαžαŸ’αžšαžΆαž€αžΎαž“αž‘αžΎαž„
ΟƒΎ αžŸαžŸαŸƒαžˆαžΆαž˜αž‡αž»αŸ†αžœαž·αž‰αžšαž½αž˜αžαžΌαž…
Οƒ½ αž˜αžΆαž“αž€αžΆαžšαžšαž›αžΆαž€αžŸαžΎαŸ—αžŠαž›αŸ‹αž€αŸ„αžŸαž·αž€αžΆαžŠαŸ„αž™αžŸαžΆαžšαž€αžΆαžšαž‡αž€αŸ‹αž”αžΆαžšαžΈ
38. Gingival hyperplasia αž’αžΆαž…αž‡αž½αž”αž”αŸ’αžšαž‘αŸ‡αž“αŸ…αž›αžΎαž’αŸ’αž“αž€αž‡αž˜αŸ’αž„αžΊαžŠαŸ‚αž›αž”αŸ’αžšαžΎ 1. cyclosporine 2. nifedipine 3. phenytoin 4. carbamazepine
Οƒ½ (1) , (2) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (1) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (2) αž“αž·αž„ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
ΟƒΎ αž…αž˜αŸ’αž›αžΎαž™αž‘αžΆαŸ†αž„αž’αžŸαŸ‹αžαžΆαž„αž›αžΎαžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
39. The epithelium αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž‚αŸ’αžšαž”αžŠαžŽαŸ’αžαž”αŸ‹αž‘αŸ…αžŠαŸ†αž”αŸ…αž“αŸƒ chronic hyperplastic pulpitis αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœαž”αžΆαž“αž‚αŸαž‡αžΏαžαžΆαž€αžΎαžαž…αŸαž‰αž–αžΈαŸ–
Οƒ½ enamel epithelium αžŠαŸ‚αž›αžαž™αž…αž»αŸ‡
ΟƒΎ epithelium αž“αŸƒ oral mucosa
Οƒ½ αžŸαŸ’αžšαž‘αžΆαž”αŸ‹ Odontoblastic
Οƒ½ epithelial rests of Malassez
Οƒ½ αžŸαŸ†αžŽαž›αŸ‹ αž“αŸƒ the dental lamina
40. αž€αžΆαžšαž–αŸ’αž™αžΆαž”αžΆαž›αžŸαž˜αž‚αž½αžšαž”αŸ†αž•αž»αžαž“αŸƒαž‡αž˜αŸ’αž„αžΊ necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis αž›αžΎαž’αŸ’αž“αž€αž‡αŸ†αž„αžΊαžŠαŸ‚αž›αž˜αžΆαž“ lymphadenopathy αž‚αžΊαŸ– 1. αž›αžΆαž„αžŸαŸ†αž’αžΆαž αž‡αžΆαž›αž·αž€αžΆαž‡αž»αŸ†αžœαž·αž‰αž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰ (periodontal debridement) 2. αžαŸ†αžšαžΌαžœ αž•αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€αž•αŸ’αž‘αŸƒαž‘αŸ†αž–αžΆαžš (occlusal adjustment) 3. αžŽαŸ‚αž“αžΆαŸ†αž’αŸ„αž™αž˜αžΆαž“αž’αž“αžΆαž˜αŸαž™αž˜αžΆαžαŸ‹αž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰ 4. αž–αŸ’αž™αžΆαž”αžΆαž›αžŠαŸ„αž™ antibiotic
Οƒ½ (1) , (2) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (1) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (2) αž“αž·αž„ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
ΟƒΎ αž…αž˜αŸ’αž›αžΎαž™αž‘αžΆαŸ†αž„αž’αžŸαŸ‹αžαžΆαž„αž›αžΎαžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
41. αž”αŸ’αžšαž—αŸαž‘αž˜αž½αž™αžŽαžΆαž“αŸƒαž€αŸ†αžŽαžΆαŸ†αž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰αž˜αž·αž“αž’αž˜αŸ’αž˜αžαžΆ (malocclusion) αž‚αž½αžšαžαŸ‚αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœαž”αžΆαž“αž€αŸ‚αžαŸ†αžšαžΌαžœαž—αŸ’αž›αžΆαž˜αŸ—αžαžΆαž˜αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž’αžΆαž…αž’αŸ’αžœαžΎαž‘αŸ…αž”αžΆαž“αŸ–
Οƒ½ Class II Division 1 αžšαž½αž˜αž‡αžΆαž˜αž½αž™ an anterior open bite
Οƒ½ Class II Division 2 αžšαž½αž˜αž‡αžΆαž˜αž½αž™ anterior overbite αžαŸ’αž›αžΆαŸ†αž„
Οƒ½ Class III αžšαž½αž˜αž‡αžΆαž˜αž½αž™ an anterior open bite
Οƒ½ Cross-bite αžšαž½αž˜αž‡αžΆαž˜αž½αž™αž“αžΉαž„αž€αžΆαžšαž•αŸ’αž›αžΆαžŸαŸ‹αž”αŸ’αžαžΌαžšαž˜αž»αžαž„αžΆαžšαž“αŸƒ mandible αž–αžΈαž€αžΆαžšαž”αŸ‰αŸ‡αžŠαŸ†αž”αžΌαž„αž‘αŸ…αž“αžΉαž„ maximum intercuspation
ΟƒΎ Anterior open bite αžšαž½αž˜αž‡αžΆαž˜αž½αž™αž“αžΉαž„αž‘αŸ†αž›αžΆαž”αŸ‹αž“αŸƒαž€αžΆαžšαžαžΆαŸ†αž”αž”αžΌαžšαž˜αžΆαžαŸ‹αžšαžΊ αž€αžΆαžšαž‡αž–αžΆαŸ’αž‡αž€αŸ‹αž˜αŸ’αžšαžΆαž˜αžŠαŸƒ
42. αž€αžΆαžšαž”αž·αž‘αž…αž“αŸ’αž›αŸ„αŸ‡αž…αŸ†αž αžšαž“αŸƒ (maxillary midline diastema) 2mm αžŠαŸ„αž™αžœαž·αž’αžΈαž–αž»αžαž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰ αž‚αžΊαž”αžΆαž“αžŸαž˜αŸ’αžšαŸαž…αž›αŸ’αž’αž”αŸ†αž•αž»αžαŸ–
Οƒ½ αž˜αž»αž“αž“αžΉαž„αžŠαž»αŸ‡αž–αŸαž‰αž›αŸαž‰αž“αŸƒ maxillary central incisors
Οƒ½ αž˜αž»αž“αž“αžΉαž„αžŠαž»αŸ‡αž–αŸαž‰αž›αŸαž‰αž“αŸƒ maxillary lateral incisors
Οƒ½ αž”αž“αŸ’αž‘αžΆαž”αŸ‹αž–αžΈαžŠαž»αŸ‡αž–αŸαž‰αž›αŸαž‰αž“αŸƒ maxillary lateral incisors
Οƒ½ αž€αŸ†αž‘αž»αž„αž–αŸαž›αžŠαž»αŸ‡αž…αŸαž‰αž“αŸ…αž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„αž˜αžΆαžαŸ‹αž“αŸƒ the maxillary canines
ΟƒΎ αž”αž“αŸ’αž‘αžΆαž”αŸ‹αž–αžΈαžŠαž»αŸ‡αž–αŸαž‰αž›αŸαž‰αž“αŸƒ maxillary canines
43. αž…αŸ†αž–αŸ„αŸ‡αž€αŸ’αž˜αŸαž„ αž“αž·αž„αž˜αž“αž»αžŸαŸ’αžŸαž–αŸαž‰αžœαŸαž™, αž”αŸ’αžšαžŸαž·αž‘αŸ’αž’αž—αžΆαž–αžŠαŸαž˜αžΆαž“αžšαž™αŸˆαž–αŸαž›αžœαŸ‚αž„αž“αŸƒαž€αžΆαžšαž–αž„αŸ’αžšαžΈαž€αž€αŸ’αžšαž’αžΌαž˜αž›αžΎαž™αŸ‰αžΆαž„αž†αžΆαž”αŸ‹αžšαž αŸαžŸ (0.5mm αž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„αž˜αž½αž™αžαŸ’αž„αŸƒ) αž”αŸ’αžšαŸ€αž”αž’αŸ€αž”αž‘αŸ…αž“αžΉαž„αž€αžΆαžšαž–αž„αŸ’αžšαžΈαž€αž™αŸ‰αžΆαž„αž™αžΊαžαž“αŸƒαž€αŸ’αžšαž’αžΌαž”αž˜αžΆαžαŸ‹ (0.5mm αž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„αž˜αž½αž™ αžŸαž”αžΆαŸ’αžαž αŸ) αž‚αžΊαŸ–
Οƒ½ αž˜αžΆαž“αž€αžΆαžšαž–αž„αŸ’αžšαžΈαž€αž€αžΆαž“αŸ‹αžαŸ‚αž…αŸ’αžšαžΎαž“αž“αŸƒ skeletal αž“αž·αž„ αž˜αžΆαž“αž€αžΆαžšαž–αž„αŸ’αžšαžΈαž€αž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰αž€αžΆαž“αŸ‹αžαŸ‚αž™αžΊαž
Οƒ½ αž˜αžΆαž“αž›αŸ†αž“αžΉαž„αžαŸ’αž›αžΆαŸ†αž„αž”αŸ†αž•αž»αž
Οƒ½ αž˜αž·αž“αž˜αžΆαž“αž—αžΆαž–αžαž»αžŸαž‚αŸ’αž“αžΆαž‘αŸ
ΟƒΎ αž˜αž·αž“αžŸαžΌαžœαž˜αžΆαž“αž›αŸ†αž“αžΉαž„αž‘αŸ
Οƒ½ αž˜αžΆαž“αž€αžΆαžšαž–αž„αŸ’αžšαžΈαž€αž€αžΆαž“αŸ‹αžαŸ‚αž™αžΊαž αž“αŸƒ skeletal αž“αž·αž„ αž˜αžΆαž“αž€αžΆαžšαž–αž„αŸ’αžšαžΈαž€αž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰αž€αžΆαž“αŸ‹αžαŸ‚αž…αŸ’αžšαžΎαž“
44. αžŠαŸƒαž“αŸƒαžŠαž„αŸ’αž€αŸ€αž”αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž˜αžΆαž“αž€αŸ†αž›αžΆαŸ†αž„αž‘αŸ…αžœαž·αž‰αž‘αŸ…αž˜αž€ (reciprocal clasp arm) αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž”αŸ’αžšαžΎαž“αŸ…αž›αžΎ partial denture αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž’αžΆαž…αžŠαŸ„αŸ‡αžŠαžΆαž€αŸ‹αž”αžΆαž“ αžœαžΆαž“αžΉαž„αž•αŸ’αžαž›αŸ‹αž’αŸ„αž™αž“αžΌαžœαŸ– 1. αž€αžΆαžšαž‘αž”αŸ‹αž‘αž›αŸ‹αž“αžΉαž„αž€αž˜αŸ’αž›αžΆαŸ†αž„αž•αŸ’αžαŸαž€ 2. αž€αžΆαžšαž‡αžΆαž”αŸ‹αžŠαŸ„αž™αž”αŸ’αžšαž™αŸ„αž› 3. αž›αŸ†αž“αžΉαž„ 4. αž€αžΆαžšαž‡αžΆαž”αŸ‹αžŠαŸ„αž™αž•αŸ’αž‘αžΆαž›αŸ‹
Οƒ½ (1) , (2) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
ΟƒΎ (1) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (2) αž“αž·αž„ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ αž…αž˜αŸ’αž›αžΎαž™αž‘αžΆαŸ†αž„αž’αžŸαŸ‹αžαžΆαž„αž›αžΎαžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
45. αž˜αž½αž™αžŽαžΆαž“αŸƒαžαžΆαž„αž€αŸ’αžšαŸ„αž˜αž“αŸαŸ‡αžŠαŸ‚αž›αžαž˜αŸ’αžšαžΌαžœαž’αŸ„αž™αž™αžΎαž„αžŠαž€αž…αŸαž‰αžαŸ’αž‚αžΆαž˜αž‘αžΆαž›αŸ‹αžαžΆαž„αž€αŸ’αžšαŸ„αž˜ ( mandibular third molars) 1. pericoronitis αž€αžΎαžαž‘αžΎαž„αž•αŸ’αž‘αž½αž“αŸ— 2. αž€αžΆαžšαž–αžΆαžšαž€αžΆαžšαž…αž„αŸ’αž’αŸ€αžαžŽαŸ‚αž“αž“αŸƒαž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰αž˜αž»αžαžαžΆαž„αž€αŸ’αžšαŸ„αž˜ (mandibular incisors) 3. αž€αžΆαžšαžˆαžΊαž…αžΆαž”αŸ‹ 4. αžœαžΆαžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœαž€αž”αŸ‹αž“αŸ…αž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„αž†αŸ’αž’αžΉαž„
Οƒ½ (1) , (2) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
ΟƒΎ (1) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (2) αž“αž·αž„ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ αž…αž˜αŸ’αž›αžΎαž™αž‘αžΆαŸ†αž„αž’αžŸαŸ‹αžαžΆαž„αž›αžΎαžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
46. αž’αŸ’αž“αž€αž‡αŸ†αž„αžΊαž˜αŸ’αž“αžΆαž€αŸ‹αž˜αžΆαž“αž‡αŸ†αž„αžΊαž”αŸ’αžšαžΎαžŸαž”αŸαŸ‡αžŠαžΌαž„ (valvular heart disease) αž αžΎαž™αž’αžΆαž›αŸ‚αž αŸ’αžŸαžΈαž‘αŸ…αž“αžΉαž„ penicillinαŸ” αžαŸ’αž“αžΆαŸ† antibiotic αžŠαŸαžŸαž˜αžšαž˜αŸ’αž™αž”αŸ†αž•αž»αžαžŠαŸ‚αž›αž”αŸ’αžšαžΎαžŠαžΎαž˜αŸ’αž”αžΈαž€αžΆαžšαž–αžΆαžšαž‡αžΆαž˜αž»αž“αž‚αžΊαŸ–
Erythromycin
Metronidazole
Amoxillin
Tetracycline
Clindamycin
47. αž–αŸαž›αž’αž“αž»αžœαžαŸ’αžαž€αžΆαžšαž’αŸ’αžœαžΎ incision αž“αŸ…αž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„αž˜αžΆαžαŸ‹ αž“αž·αž„ drainage αž“αŸƒαž’αžΆαž”αŸ‹αžŸαŸ‚ dentoaveolar αžαžΎαž˜αž½αž™αžŽαžΆαž“αŸƒαžαžΆαž„αž€αŸ’αžšαŸ„αž˜αž“αŸαŸ‡αžŠαŸ‚αž›αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ? 1. Scalpel incision αž‚αž½αžšαžαŸ‚αž’αŸ’αžœαžΎαž‘αžΎαž„αžŸαžΎαžšαŸ—αž›αžΎ mucosa 2. incision αž‚αž½αžšαžαŸ‚αž’αŸ„αž™αž’αŸ†αž›αŸ’αž˜αž˜αž“αžΉαž„αžŠαžΆαž€αŸ‹αž˜αŸ‰αŸαžŸαž”αž„αŸ’αž αžΌαžšαžαŸ’αž‘αž»αŸ‡ (drain) 3. αž˜αž·αž“αž’αŸ„αž™αž”αŸ‰αŸ‡αž–αžΆαž›αŸ‹αžŠαž›αŸ‹ tissue αžαžΆαž„αž€αŸ’αžšαŸ„αž˜ 4. αž‚αŸ„αž›αž”αŸ†αžŽαž„αž“αŸƒαž€αžΆαžšαžŠαžΆαž€αŸ‹αž˜αŸ‰αŸαžŸαž”αž„αŸ’αž αžΌαžšαžαŸ’αž‘αž»αŸ‡ (drain) αž‚αžΊαž‘αž»αž€αž’αŸ„αž™ incision αž…αŸ†αž αžš
Οƒ½ (1) , (2) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (1) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (2) αž“αž·αž„ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
ΟƒΎ αž…αž˜αŸ’αž›αžΎαž™αž‘αžΆαŸ†αž„αž’αžŸαŸ‹αžαžΆαž„αž›αžΎαžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
48. αž’αŸ’αž“αž€αž‡αž˜αŸ’αž„αžΊαž’αžΆαž™αž»αŸ‘αŸ₯αž†αŸ’αž“αžΆαŸ†αž˜αŸ’αž“αžΆαž€αŸ‹αž˜αžΆαž“ hypoplastic enamel αž“αŸ…αž›αžΎαž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰αž›αŸαžαŸ‘αŸ₯αŸ” αž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰αžŠαŸαž‘αŸƒαž‘αŸ€αžαž‘αžΆαŸ†αž„αž’αžŸαŸ‹αž˜αžΆαž“αžŸαž—αžΆαž–αž’αž˜αŸ’αž˜αžαžΆαŸ”αž“αŸαŸ‡αž”αŸ’αžšαž αŸ‚αž›αž”αžŽαŸ’αžαžΆαž›αž˜αž€αž–αžΈαŸ–
Οƒ½ αžαŸ’αžœαŸ‡αžœαž·αžαžΆαž˜αžΈαž“ D
Οƒ½ αžαŸ’αžœαŸ‡αž€αžΆαž›αŸ‹αžŸαŸ’αž™αžΌαž˜αž‚αŸ’αžšαž”αŸ‹αž˜αž»αž
Οƒ½ αž’αŸ’αž“αž€αž‡αž˜αŸ’αž„αžΊαž‚αŸ’αžšαž»αž“αž€αŸ’αžαŸ…αžαŸ’αž›αžΆαŸ†αž„αž–αŸαž›αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž˜αžΆαž“αž‡αž˜αŸ’αž„αžΊαž€αž‰αŸ’αž…αŸ’αžšαžΉαž›αž“αŸ…αž’αžΆαž™αž»αŸ£αž†αŸ’αž“αžΆαŸ†
ΟƒΎ αž˜αžΆαž“αž€αžΆαžšαž”αž„αŸ’αž€αžšαžšαŸ„αž‚αž–αžΈαž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰αž›αŸαžαŸ₯αŸ₯ αž“αŸ…αž–αŸαž›αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰αž›αŸαžαŸ‘αŸ₯αžŠαž»αŸ‡αž…αŸαž‰αž˜αž€
Οƒ½ αž€αžαŸ’αžαžΆαžαŸ†αž“αž–αžΌαž‡
49. αž”αžΎαžŸαž·αž“αž’αŸ’αž“αž€αž‡αž˜αŸ’αž„αžΊαž”αžΆαžαŸ‹αž”αž„αŸ‹αž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰αžαŸ’αž‚αžΆαž˜αž‘αžΈαž˜αž½αž™αž›αžΎαž˜αž»αž“αž’αžΆαž™αž»αŸ‘αŸ‘αž†αŸ’αž“αžΆαŸ† 1. premolar αžšαŸ†αž€αž·αž›αž‘αŸ…αž•αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€ distally 2. αž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰αžαŸ’αž‚αžΆαž˜αž’αŸ†αž‘αžΈαŸ’αž›αžΎ αžŠαž»αŸ‡αž‘αžΎαž„αž αžΎαž™αžšαŸ†αž€αž·αž›αž‘αŸ… mesially 3. αž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰αžŠαŸ‚αž›αžˆαž˜αžŠαž»αŸ‡αž‘αŸ…αž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„αž…αž“αŸ’αž›αŸ„αŸ‡αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž”αž„αŸ’αž€αžΎαžαž‘αžΎαž„ 4. αž€αžΎαž“αž‘αžΎαž„ overbite
Οƒ½ (1) , (2) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
ΟƒΎ (1) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (2) αž“αž·αž„ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ αž…αž˜αŸ’αž›αžΎαž™αž‘αžΆαŸ†αž„αž’αžŸαŸ‹αžαžΆαž„αž›αžΎαžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
50. αžαžΎαžαŸ’αž“αžΆαŸ†αž˜αž½αž™αžŽαžΆαž“αŸƒαžαžΆαž„αž€αŸ’αžšαŸ„αž˜αž“αŸαŸ‡ αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž’αžΆαž…αž‘αž”αŸ‹αž‘αž›αŸ‹αž“αžΉαž„αž€αžΆαžšαžˆαžΊαž…αžΆαž”αŸ‹αž αžΎαž™αž‡αž½αž™αž€αžΆαžαŸ‹αž”αž“αŸ’αžαž™αž€αžΆαžšαžšαž›αžΆαž€? 1. Acetylsalicylic acid 2. Acetaminophen 3. Ibuprofen 4. Meperidine HCl
ΟƒΎ (1) , (2) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (1) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (2) αž“αž·αž„ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ αž…αž˜αŸ’αž›αžΎαž™αž‘αžΆαŸ†αž„αž’αžŸαŸ‹αžαžΆαž„αž›αžΎαžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
51. "αžαžΎαžœαž·αž’αžΈαžŽαžΆαž˜αž½αž™αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž‚αž½αžšαž”αŸ’αžšαžΎαžŠαžΎαž˜αŸ’αž”αžΈαž€αžΆαžαŸ‹αž”αž“αŸ’αžαž™αž‚αŸ’αžšαŸ„αŸ‡αžαŸ’αž“αžΆαž€αŸ‹αž“αŸƒαž€αžΆαžšαž”αŸ‰αŸ‡αž‘αŸ…αž“αžΉαž„αž…αŸ†αž αžΆαž™αž”αžΆαžšαŸ‰αž (mercury vapour) 1. αž€αžΆαžšαž’αž”αŸ‹αžšαŸ†αžŠαž›αŸ‹αž”αž»αž‚αŸ’αž‚αž›αž·αž€ 2. αž€αžΆαžšαž”αŸ’αžšαžΎαžšαž”αžΆαŸ†αž„αž”αŸ’αž›αžΆαžŸαŸ’αž‘αž·αž€ (Rubber dam) 3. αž€αžΆαžšαž”αžΊαžαžŸαŸ’αžšαžΌαž”αž™αŸ‰αžΆαž„αžšαž αŸαžŸ 4. αž˜αŸ‰αžΆαžŸαŸ‹αž–αžΆαž€αŸ‹"
Οƒ½ (1) , (2) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
ΟƒΎ (1) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ X
Οƒ½ (2) αž“αž·αž„ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ αž…αž˜αŸ’αž›αžΎαž™αž‘αžΆαŸ†αž„αž’αžŸαŸ‹αžαžΆαž„αž›αžΎαžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
52. "αž’αŸ’αž“αž€αž‡αž˜αŸ’αž„αžΊαž˜αŸ’αž“αžΆαž€αŸ‹αž’αžΆαž™αž» ៀαŸ₯αž†αŸ’αž“αžΆαŸ† αž˜αžΆαž“αž‘αžΉαž€αž“αŸ„αž˜αž•αŸ’αž’αŸ‚αž˜ dependent diabetes mellitus αž αžΎαž™αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœαžŽαžΆαžαŸ‹αž‡αž½αž”αž–αŸ’αžšαžΉαž€αž“αŸαŸ‡αžŠαžΎαž˜αŸ’αž”αžΈαž˜αžΎαž›αž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰αŸ” αž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„ αž–αŸαž›αž–αž·αž“αž·αžαŸ’αž™ αž‚αžΆαžαŸ‹αž”αžΆαž“αžαŸ’αž’αžΌαž‰ αžαŸ’αž’αŸ‚αžšαžαžΆ αž˜αžΆαž“αž€αžΆαžšαžˆαžΊαž€αŸ’αž”αžΆαž›αžαž·αž…αŸ— αž αžΎαž™αžαŸ’αžŸαŸ„αž™ αž‚αŸ’αžšαžΌαž–αŸαž‘αŸ’αž™αžƒαžΎαž‰αž‚αžΆαžαŸ‹αž”αŸ‚αž€αž‰αžΎαžŸαŸ” αž’αŸ’αž“αž€αž‡αž˜αŸ’αž„αžΊαž˜αŸ’αž“αžΆαž€αŸ‹αž“αŸαŸ‡αž’αžΆαž…αž“αžΉαž„αž˜αžΆαž“αŸ–"
Οƒ½ hyperglycemia
ΟƒΎ hypoglycemia
Syncope
Hyperventilation
Οƒ½ cerebrovascular accident
53. "αžαŸ’αž“αžΆαŸ† antibiotics αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž‚αŸαž‡αŸ’αžšαžΎαžŸαžšαžΎαžŸαž”αŸ’αžšαžΎαžŸαŸ†αžšαžΆαž”αŸ‹ periapical dental abscess αž‚αžΊ αŸ–"
ΟƒΎ pen V
Cephalosporin
Οƒ½ erythromycin
Metronidazole
Ampicillin
54. "αž‘αŸ†αžšαž„αŸ‹αž‡αžΆαžŸαž„αŸ’αžαŸαž”αž“αŸƒαž€αžΆαžšαž”αž·αž amalgamαž“αŸ…αž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„ pit αž“αž·αž„ fissure αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœαž”αžΆαž“αž‚αŸαžαŸ’αžšαž½αž αž–αž·αž“αž·αžαŸ’αž™αžŠαŸ„αž™αž…αŸ†αž“αž»αž…αž‘αžΆαŸ†αž„αž’αžŸαŸ‹αžαžΆαž„αž€αŸ’αžšαŸ„αž˜αž“αŸαŸ‡αž›αžΎαž€αž›αŸ‚αž„αžαŸ‚ αŸ–"
Οƒ½ αž‘αŸ†αž αŸ†αžŠαŸ‚αž› enamelαž˜αž½αž™ αž–αžΆαž€αŸ‹αž–αž“αŸ’αž’αŸαžŠαŸ„αž™αžŠαŸ†αž“αžΎαžšαž“αŸƒαžšαŸ„αž‚αž–αž»αž€αž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰
Οƒ½ αž€αžΆαžšαžšαžΆαž›αžŠαžΆαž›αž“αŸƒ caries αž‘αŸ…αžαžΆαž˜ dentino-enamel junction
Οƒ½ extension αžŠαŸ‚αž›αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœαžαŸ‚αž’αŸ’αžœαžΎαž‘αžΎαž„αž“αŸ…αžαžΆαž˜ fissures αžŠαžΎαž˜αŸ’αž”αžΈαžŸαŸ†αžšαŸαž…αž‚αŸ‚αž˜αžšαž›αŸ„αž„αž›αŸ’αž’
ΟƒΎ αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœαžαŸ‚αž”αž–αžΆαŸ’αž…αž”αŸ‹αž‚αŸ‚αž˜αž“αŸ…αž›αžΎ cusp ridge αžšαžΊαž€αŸ marginal ridge crest X
Οƒ½ αž‘αŸ†αž αŸ†αžŠαŸ‚αž›αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœαž‘αŸ†αž›αžΆαž™αž…αŸ„αž›αž“αŸƒ enamelαžŠαŸ„αž™αžŸαžΆαžšαžšαŸ„αž‚αž–αž·αž€αž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰
55. "αžŸαŸ’αžαžΆαž“αž—αžΆαž–αž“αŸƒ periodontal αžŠαŸ‚αž›αžšαž€αžƒαžΎαž‰αž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„αž’αžΆαž™αž» ៑ៀ αž‘αŸ…αŸ‘αŸ©αž†αŸ’αž“αžΆαŸ† αž”αž„αŸ’αž αžΆαž‰αž’αŸ„αž™αžƒαžΎαž‰αž“αžΌαžœαž€αžΆαžšαž”αžΆαžαŸ‹αž”αž„αŸ‹αž†αŸ’αž’αžΉαž„αž”αž–αžΆαŸ’αžˆαžš (vertical bone loss) αž–αžΆαž€αŸ‹αž–αž“αŸ’αž’αŸαž‘αŸ…αž“αžΉαž„αžαŸ’αž‚αžΆαž˜αž’αŸ†αž‘αžΈαŸ‘ αž“αž·αž„αž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰αž˜αž»αžαŸ€ αž‚αžΊ αŸ–"
Οƒ½ αžšαŸ„αž‚ desquamative gingivitis
Οƒ½ Acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis
ΟƒΎ Juvenile gingivitis
Οƒ½ periodontitis αžŠαŸ‚αž›αžœαž·αžœαžαŸ’αžαž›αžΏαž“
Οƒ½ periodontitis αžšαŸ‰αžΆαŸ†αžšαŸ‰αŸƒ αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž‘αŸ…αž˜αž»αžαž›αžΏαž“
56. "αž…αŸ†αžŽαž»αž… αžšαžΊαž‚αŸ’αžšαžΆαž”αŸ‹αžαžΌαž…αŸ— αž“αŸƒ Fordyce αž–αž·αž“αž·αžαŸ’αž™αž‡αžΆαž›αž€αŸ’αžαžŽαŸˆαž˜αžΆαž“αž€αžΆαžšαž›αŸαž…αž‘αžΎαž„αž‡αžΆαž…αŸ†αžŽαž»αž…αžαžΌαž…αŸ—αž–αžŽαŸŒαž›αžΏαž„αž“αŸ…αž›αžΎ buccal mucosaαŸ” αž“αŸαŸ‡αžŠαŸ„αž™αžŸαžΆαžšαžαŸ‚αž˜αžΆαž“αŸˆ"
Οƒ½ αž€αŸ’αžšαž–αŸαž‰αž‰αžΎαžŸ
Οƒ½ epitheliumαžŠαŸ‚αž›αž•αŸ’αžŸαžΆαŸ†
Οƒ½ αž€αžΆαžšαž”αž„αŸ’αž€αžšαž‡αžΆαž‚αžΈαžŸ (cyst formation)
ΟƒΎ αž€αŸ’αžšαž–αŸαž‰ sebaceous
Hyperkeratosis
57. "Epinephrine αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœαž”αžΆαž“αž”αž“αŸ’αžαŸ‚αž˜αž‘αŸ…αž›αžΎ local anesthetic formulations αžŠαžΎαž˜αŸ’αž”αžΈαŸˆ 1. αž”αž„αŸ’αž€αžΎαž“αžšαž™αŸˆαž–αŸαž›αž“αŸƒ anesthesia 2. αž”αž„αŸ’αž€αžΎαž“αž‡αž˜αŸ’αžšαŸ…αž“αŸƒ anesthesia 3. αž”αž“αŸ’αžαž™αž“αžΌαžœαž—αžΆαž–αž‘αŸ†αž“αžΆαž€αŸ‹αž‘αŸ†αž“αž„αž‘αŸ…αž‡αžΆ systemic toxicity 4. αž”αž“αŸ’αžαž™αž“αžΌαžœαž—αžΆαž–αž‘αŸ†αž“αžΆαž€αŸ‹αž‘αŸ†αž“αž„αž‘αŸ…αž‡αžΆ αž”αŸ’αžšαžαž·αž€αž˜αŸ’αž˜ allergic "
ΟƒΎ (1) , (2) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (1) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (2) αž“αž·αž„ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ αž…αž˜αŸ’αž›αžΎαž™αž‘αžΆαŸ†αž„αž’αžŸαŸ‹αžαžΆαž„αž›αžΎαžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
58. "αž’αŸ’αž“αž€αž‡αž˜αŸ’αž„αžΊαž’αžΆαž™αž» ៀαŸ₯αž†αŸ’αž“αžΆαŸ† αž˜αžΆαž“αŸ£αŸ’αž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž˜αž·αž“αž’αŸ’αž›αžΆαž”αŸ‹αž”αžΆαž“αž‡αž½αžŸαž‡αž»αž›αŸ” αž”αž‰αŸ’αž αžΆαžŠαŸ‚αž›αž˜αžΆαž“αžαŸ‚ αžŸαŸ’αž“αžΆαž˜αž”αŸ’αžšαž‘αžΆαž€αŸ‹αž™αŸ‰αžΆαž„αž‡αŸ’αžšαŸ…αžαžΆαž˜αž…αž„αŸ’αž’αžΌαžšαž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰αžαžΆαž„αž€αŸ’αžšαŸ„αž™αŸ” αžαžΆαž˜αž€αžΆαžšαž–αž·αž“αž·αžαŸ’αž™αž‚αŸ’αž›αžΈαž“αž·αž€αž”αžΆαž“αž’αŸ„αž™αžŠαžΉαž„αžαžΆ αž˜αž·αž“αž˜αžΆαž“ caries αž“αŸ…αžαžΆαž˜αž…αž„αŸ’αž’αžΌαžšαž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰αž“αŸ„αŸ‡αž‘αŸαŸ” αžαžΎαžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœαž‡αŸ’αžšαžΎαžŸαžšαžΎαžŸαž€αžΆαžšαž–αŸ’αž™αžΆαž”αžΆαž›αž”αŸ‚αž”αžŽαžΆαŸ– "
Οƒ½ αž’αŸ’αžœαžΎ cyanoacrylate pit រឺ fissure sealants
Οƒ½ αž’αŸ’αžœαžΎ BIS-GMA pit αž“αž·αž„ fissure sealants
Οƒ½ αž”αŸ‰αŸ‡ Class I amalgams αžšαž€αŸ’αžŸαžΆαž‘αž»αž€
Οƒ½ prophylactic odontotomy
Αž˜αž·αž“αž˜αžΆαž“αž€αžΆαžšαž–αŸ’αž™αžΆαž”αžΆαž›αž’αŸ’αžœαžΈαž‘αžΆαŸ†αž„αž’αžŸαŸ‹
59. "Oral signs αžšαžΊαž€αŸ symptoms αž“αŸƒαž€αžΆαžšαžαŸ’αžœαŸ‡αžœαž·αžαžΆαž˜αžΈαž“αžŸαŸαž’αŸ’αž„αž“αžΎαž’αŸ’αž„αžš αž˜αžΆαž“αŸˆ 1. αž€αžΆαžšαžˆαžΊαž…αžΆαž”αŸ‹ 2. Angular cheilitis 3. αž αžΌαžšαžˆαžΆαž˜αžŠαŸ„αž™αž―αž€αž―αž„αžαžΆαž˜αž’αž‰αŸ’αž…αžΆαž‰αž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰ 4. αž‡αŸ†αž„αžΊαžŸαŸ’αž„αžΌαžαž˜αžΆαžαŸ‹
Οƒ½ (1) , (2) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
ΟƒΎ (1) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (2) αž“αž·αž„ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ αž…αž˜αŸ’αž›αžΎαž™αž‘αžΆαŸ†αž„αž’αžŸαŸ‹αžαžΆαž„αž›αžΎαžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
60. "αž˜αž½αž™αžŽαžΆαž“αŸƒαžαžΆαž„αž€αŸ’αžšαŸ„αž˜αž“αŸαŸ‡αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž˜αž·αž“αž˜αŸ‚αž“αž‡αžΆαž›αž€αŸ’αžαžŽαŸˆαž“αŸƒ acute leukemia?"
Οƒ½ αž’αž‰αŸ’αž…αžΆαž‰αž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰αžšαžΈαž€αž’αŸ† (Gingival enlargement)
ΟƒΎ αž€αžΆαžšαžαž™αž…αž»αŸ‡αž“αŸƒαž–αŸαž›αž αžΌαžšαžˆαžΆαž˜
Οƒ½ leukocyte αž‘αžΎαž„αžαŸ’αž›αžΆαŸ†αž„
Οƒ½ αžŸαŸ’αž›αŸαž€ (Anemia)
Οƒ½ Thrombocytopenia
61. αž˜αž½αž™αžŽαžΆαž“αŸƒαžαžΆαž„αž€αŸ’αžšαŸ„αž˜αž“αŸαŸ‡ αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž˜αž·αž“αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœαž”αžΆαž“αž‚αŸαž›αžΎαž€αž‘αžΎαž„αž“αŸƒαž€αžΆαžšαžšαž€αžšαŸ„αž‚αžœαž·αž“αž·αž…αŸ’αž†αŸαž™ αž“αŸƒ necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (NUG)?
Οƒ½ αž€αžΆαžšαž αžΌαžšαžˆαžΆαž˜αž–αžΈαž’αž‰αŸ’αž…αžΆαž‰
Οƒ½ papillae β€œ Punched-out” αžŠαŸ„αž™αž˜αžΆαž“αžŠαŸ†αž”αŸ…αžŸαž€αžšαž›αž½αž™ ( necrotic slough)
Οƒ½ αžαŸ’αž™αž›αŸ‹αžŠαž„αŸ’αž αžΎαž˜αž˜αžΆαž“αž€αŸ’αž›αž·αž“αž˜αž·αž“αž›αŸ’αž’
Οƒ½ αž˜αžΆαžαŸ‹αž˜αžΆαž“αžšαžŸαž‡αžΆαžαž·αž αžΆαžαŸ— (Metallic taste)
ΟƒΎ αž˜αžΆαž“ periodontal pocketing
62. "αž˜αŸαžšαŸ„αž‚αž“αŸƒαžšαŸ„αž‚αž–αž»αž€αž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰ (caries) αž‚αžΊ 1. Streptococcus mutans 2. Staphylococcus aureus 3. Lactobacillus acidophilus 4. B-hemolytic streptococci
Οƒ½ (1) , (2) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
ΟƒΎ (1) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (2) αž“αž·αž„ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ αž…αž˜αŸ’αž›αžΎαž™αž‘αžΆαŸ†αž„αž’αžŸαŸ‹αžαžΆαž„αž›αžΎαžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
63. "αž€αžΆαžšαž”αž„αŸ’αž€αžšαžšαŸ„αž‚αžŠαŸ„αž™ bacteria αž”αžŽαŸ’αžαžΆαž›αž’αŸ„αž™αž˜αžΆαž“αž€αžΆαžšαž€αžΎαž“αž‘αžΎαž„αž™αŸ‰αžΆαž„αžŸαŸ†αžαžΆαž“αŸ‹αž“αŸƒαŸˆ"
Basophils
Neutrohils
Lymphocytes
Monocytes
Eosinophils
64. "Epinephrine αž“αŸ…αž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„αžαŸ’αž“αžΆαŸ†αžŸαŸ’αž–αžΉαž€αžŸαŸ†αžšαžΆαž”αŸ‹αž…αžΆαž€αŸ‹αž‘αžΌαž€αžΆαž›αŸ‹ (local anesthetic solution)αž“αžΉαž„αŸˆ 1. αžαž™αž…αž»αŸ‡αž“αžΌαžœαž€αžΆαžšαž‡αŸ’αžšαžΆαž”αž…αžΌαž›αžαŸ’αž“αžΆαŸ†αžŸαŸ’αž–αžΉαž€ (absorption of the anesthetic) 2. αž‡αž½αž™αžƒαžΆαžαŸ‹αžˆαžΆαž˜αž“αŸ…αž€αž“αŸ’αž›αŸ‚αž„αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž…αžΆαž€αŸ‹ 3. αž”αž“αŸ’αžαžŸαž€αž˜αŸ’αž˜αž—αžΆαž– anesthetic αž’αŸ„αž™αž”αžΆαž“αž™αžΌαžš 4. αž‡αž½αž™αž’αŸ’αžœαžΎαž’αŸ„αž™αž‡αžΆαžŸαŸ‡ αž€αŸ’αžšαŸ„αž™αž–αŸαž›αž”αŸ’αžšαžαž·αž”αžαŸ’αžαž·αž€αžΆαžš"
ΟƒΎ (1) , (2) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (1) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (2) αž“αž·αž„ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ αž…αž˜αŸ’αž›αžΎαž™αž‘αžΆαŸ†αž„αž’αžŸαŸ‹αžαžΆαž„αž›αžΎαžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
65. "Hypothyroidism αž“αŸ…αž›αžΎαž˜αž“αž»αžŸαŸ’αžŸαž–αŸαž‰αžœαŸαž™αž‚αžΊαž˜αžΆαž“αž˜αž€αž‡αžΆαž˜αž½αž™αž“αžΌαžœαŸˆ"
Οƒ½ αž›αŸ€αž“αž—αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€ (exophthalmos)
Οƒ½ αžŸαŸ’αžšαž€αž‘αž˜αŸ’αž„αž“αŸ‹
Οƒ½ αž αžΎαž˜αž–αŸαž‰αžαŸ’αž›αž½αž“ (generalized edema)
Οƒ½ αž”αŸαŸ‡αžŠαžΌαž„αžŠαžΎαžšαž‰αžΆαž”αŸ‹ (tachycardia)
ΟƒΎ αž˜αžΆαž“αž”αž‰αŸ’αž αžΆαž•αŸ’αž›αžΌαžœαž…αž·αžαŸ’αž (mental defects)
66. "αž˜αž½αž™αžŽαžΆαž“αŸƒαžαžΆαž„αž€αŸ’αžšαŸ„αž˜αž‘αŸ†αž“αž„αž”αŸ†αž•αž»αžαž“αžΉαž„αž‡αŸ†αž“αž½αžŸαž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž“αŸ…αž‡αžΆαž”αŸ‹αž‚αŸ’αž“αžΆ (the adjacent teeth)?"
Οƒ½ Lateral periodontal cyst
ΟƒΎ Dentigerous cyst
Οƒ½ Periapical cemental dysplasia
Οƒ½ Periapical abscess
Οƒ½ Radicular cyst
67. "αž˜αž½αž™αžŽαžΆαž“αŸƒαžαžΆαž„αž€αŸ’αžšαŸ„αž˜αž“αŸαŸ‡ αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž’αŸ’αž“αž€αž˜αž·αž“αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœαž…αŸαž‰αžœαŸαž‡αŸ’αž‡αž”αž‰αŸ’αž‡αžΆαžšαž’αŸ„αž™αž’αŸ’αž“αž€αž‡αž˜αŸ’αž„αžΊαžŠαŸ‚αž›αž”αŸ’αžšαžΎ Warfarin (Coumadin®)? 1. Acetylsalicylic acid 2. Metronidazole 3. Erythromycin 4. Codine"
ΟƒΎ (1) , (2) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (1) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (2) αž“αž·αž„ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ αž…αž˜αŸ’αž›αžΎαž™αž‘αžΆαŸ†αž„αž’αžŸαŸ‹αžαžΆαž„αž›αžΎαžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
68. "biopsy αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž€αžΆαžαŸ‹αž…αŸαž‰αž˜αž€αž“αŸƒ nodule αž‘αŸ†αž αŸ† diameter αŸ₯មម αž€αžΆαžαŸ‹αž–αžΈαž‚αŸ‚αž˜αžαžΆαž„αž“αŸƒαž’αžŽαŸ’αžαžΆαžαžŠαŸ‚αž›αžšαŸ„αž‚αžœαž·αž“αž·αž…αŸ’αž†αŸαž™αž‡αžΆ fibromaαŸ” αž’αŸ’αž“αž€αž‡αž˜αŸ’αž„αžΊαž“αŸαŸ‡αž‚αž½αžšαžαŸ‚αŸˆ "
Οƒ½ αž€αžΆαžαŸ‹αž’αžŽαŸ’αžαžΆαžαŸ‘αž…αŸ†αž αŸ€αž„ (hemisection)
Οƒ½ αž’αŸ’αžœαžΎ radiotherapy αž“αŸ…αž€αž“αŸ’αž›αŸ‚αž„ biopsy
ΟƒΎ αž˜αž·αž“αž˜αžΆαž“αž€αžΆαžšαž”αž“αŸ’αžαŸ‚αž˜αž“αžΌαžœαž€αžΆαžšαž–αŸ’αž™αžΆαž”αžΆαž›αž‘αŸ
Οƒ½ αž€αžΆαžαŸ‹αž…αŸαž‰αž‘αŸ€αžαž“αžΌαžœαž‚αŸ‚αž˜αž’αŸ„αž™αž’αŸ†αž‡αžΆαž„αž“αŸαŸ‡
Οƒ½ αž”αž‰αŸ’αž…αžΆαŸ†αž„αž€αžΆαŸ†αžšαžŸαŸ’αž˜αžΈαž‡αž»αŸ†αžœαž·αž‰αž€αž“αŸ’αž›αŸ‚αž„ biopsy αž“αŸ„αŸ‡
69. "αž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž„αžΆαž”αžΎαž”αžŽαŸ’αžαžΌαž› αž‡αž½αž“αž€αžΆαž›αžαžαž‘αŸ…αžƒαžΎαž‰ αž…αž»αž„ apex αž“αŸƒαž¬αžŸαžαŸ’αž›αžΈ រឺ αž‘αžΆαž› αŸ” αž€αžΆαžšαž”αžΆαžαŸ‹αž”αž„αŸ‹ apical cementum αž“αž·αž„ dentin αž“αžΉαž„αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœαž”αžΆαž“αž‚αŸαž…αžΆαžαŸ‹αžαŸ’αž“αžΆαž€αŸ‹αž‡αžΆαž”αŸ’αžšαž—αŸαž‘αž’αŸ’αžœαžΈ resorption?"
Οƒ½ αž•αŸ’αž‘αŸƒ (surface)
ΟƒΎ αžšαž›αžΆαž€ (Inflammatory)
Οƒ½ αž”αŸ’αžαžΌαžš (Replacement)
Ankylosis
Οƒ½ Internal pulpal
70. "αž€αžΆαžšαŸαžšαŸ€αž”αž…αŸ†αžŠαŸαžŸαž˜αžšαž˜αŸ’αž™αž›αžΎαž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰αž˜αž½αž™αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž’αŸ’αž›αžΆαž”αŸ‹αž˜αžΆαž“αž€αžΆαžšαž”αŸ‡αž‘αž„αŸ’αž‚αž·αž…αž–αžΈαž˜αž»αž“αž’αŸ„αž™αž‘αŸ…αž‡αžΆαž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰αž˜αž½αž™αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž‡αžΆαž–αžΈ apical resorption αž‚αžΊαŸˆ"
Οƒ½ αž€αžΆαžšαž’αž„αŸ’αž€αŸαžαž˜αžΎαž›αžšαž™αŸ‡αž–αŸαž› αŸ¦αžαŸ‚ αžŸαŸ†αžšαžΆαž”αŸ‹ resorption αž‘αŸ…αž–αŸαž›αžαžΆαž„αž˜αž»αž
ΟƒΎ αž”αŸ†αž–αŸαž‰ instrumentations αž“αž·αž„αžαŸ’αž“αžΆαŸ† αž‡αžΆαž˜αž½αž™αž“αžΉαž„ calcium hydroxide αž”αž·αž‘αž‘αŸ…αž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„αžšαž“αŸ’αž’αžšαžΉαžŸ
Οƒ½ αž”αŸ†αž–αŸαž‰ instrumentations αž—αŸ’αž›αžΆαž˜αŸ— αž”αž“αŸ’αž‘αžΆαž”αŸ‹αž–αžΈ apical curretage
Οƒ½ αž€αžΆαžšαžŠαž€αžœαžΆαž…αŸαž‰, αž€αžΆαžαŸ‹ apical αž…αŸ„αž›, αž”αŸ†αž–αŸαž‰αžαŸ’αž“αžΆαŸ†αžαžΆαž˜ apex αž“αž·αž„ αžŠαžΆαŸ†αž‘αžΎαž„αžœαž·αž‰
Οƒ½ αž€αžΆαžšαžŠαž€αžœαžΆαž…αŸαž‰ αž“αž·αž„αžŠαžΆαž€αŸ‹αž‡αŸ†αž“αž½αžŸαžŠαŸ„αž™ prosthesis αžŠαŸ‚αž›αžŠαžΆαž€αŸ‹αž‡αžΆαž”αŸ‹ ឬ αž’αžΆαž…αžŠαŸ„αŸ‡αž…αŸαž‰αž”αžΆαž“
71. "Crown margin αž’αžΆαž…αž–αž„αŸ’αžšαžΈαž€αž‘αŸ…αž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„αž’αž‰αŸ’αž…αžΆαž‰αž”αžΆαž“ (extended subgingivally) αž“αŸ…αž–αŸαž›αžŠαŸ‚αž›αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœαž€αžΆαžšαŸˆ 1. αžŸαŸ†αžšαžΆαž”αŸ‹αžŸαŸ„αž—αŸαžŽαž—αžΆαž– 2. αžŠαžΎαž˜αŸ’αž”αžΈαž”αž„αŸ’αž€αžΎαž“ retention 3. αžŠαžΎαž˜αŸ’αž”αžΈαž’αŸ„αž™αž˜αžΆαž“αžšαž…αž“αžΆαžŸαž˜αŸ’αž–αŸαž“αŸ’αž’αž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰αž”αžΆαž“αž›αŸ’αž’ (toreach sound tooth structure) 4. αžŸαŸ†αžšαžΆαž”αŸ‹αž€αžΆαžšαž–αžΆαžšαž‘αž”αŸ‹αžŸαŸ’αž€αžΆαžαŸ‹ caries"
ΟƒΎ (1) , (2) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (1) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (2) αž“αž·αž„ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ αž…αž˜αŸ’αž›αžΎαž™αž‘αžΆαŸ†αž„αž’αžŸαŸ‹αžαžΆαž„αž›αžΎαžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
72. "αž›αž€αŸ’αžαžŽαŸˆαž–αŸŒαžŽαžŠαŸ‚αž›αž˜αžΎαž›αžƒαžΎαž‰αž›αžΎ Crown αž“αŸƒαž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰αž‡αžΆαž˜αž½αž™αž“αžΉαž„ internal resorption αž‚αžΊαž–αŸ’αžšαŸ„αŸ‡αžαŸ‚αŸ–"
Οƒ½ αž€αžΆαžšαž›αžΆαž”αž“αŸƒ pigment αž“αŸ…αž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„αž€αŸ„αžŸαž·αž€αžΆαž“αŸƒαžŸαŸ’αžšαž‘αžΆαž”αŸ‹ odontoblast
ΟƒΎ αžœαžαŸ’αžαž˜αžΆαž“αž“αŸƒαž‡αžΆαž›αž·αž€αžΆ hyperplastic vascular pulp
Οƒ½ αž€αžΆαžšαž•αŸ’αž›αžΆαžŸαŸ‹αž”αŸ’αžαžΌαžšαž…αŸ†αž‘αŸ‚αž€αž“αŸƒ αž—αžΆαž–αž‡αžΆαž”αŸ‹αž›αžΆαž”αŸ‹αžšαž”αžŸαŸ‹ dentin
Οƒ½ αž”αžΆαžαž»αž—αžΆαž–αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž’αžΆαž…αž˜αžΎαž›αžƒαžΎαž‰αž‘αžΆαž€αŸ‹αž‘αž„αž‘αŸ…αž“αžΉαž„αž—αžΆαž–αžαž»αžŸαž‚αŸ’αž“αžΆ αž“αŸ…αž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„ refractive indices αž“αŸƒαž…αŸ†αž“αž»αž…αž’αž˜αŸ’αž˜αžαžΆ αž“αž·αž„αž…αŸ†αž“αž»αž…αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž”αŸ‰αŸ‡αž–αžΆαž›αŸ‹αŸ”
Οƒ½ αž—αžΆαž–αž€αŸ’αž›αžΆαž™αž“αž·αž„αžšαž›αž½αž™αž“αŸƒαž€αŸ„αžŸαž·αž€αžΆ pulp
73. "αž˜αž½αž™αžŽαžΆαž“αŸƒαžšαžΌαž”αž˜αž“αŸ’αžαžšαž”αžŸαŸ‹ local anesthetic αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž‚αž½αžšαžαŸ‚αž”αŸ’αžšαžΎαžŠαžΎαž˜αŸ’αž”αžΈαž”αž“αŸ’αž’αžΌαžšαž”αž“αŸ’αžαž™αž€αžΆαžšαžˆαžΊαž…αžΆαž”αŸ‹αž²αŸ’αž™αž”αžΆαž“αž™αžΌαžšαžŸαŸ†αžšαžΆαž”αŸ‹αž’αŸ’αž“αž€αž‡αž˜αŸ’αž„αžΊαžŠαŸ‚αž›αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœαž€αžΆαžšαž’αŸ’αžœαžΎ pulpectomy αž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰αž›αŸαž 36? "
Οƒ½ Articaine 4%, αž‡αžΆαž˜αž½αž™ epinephrine 1:100,000.
Οƒ½ Bupivacaine 0.5%, αž‡αžΆαž˜αž½αž™ epinephrine 1:200,000.
ΟƒΎ Lidocaine 2%, αž‡αžΆαž˜αž½αž™ epinephrine 1:100,000
Οƒ½ Mepivacaine 3% plain
Οƒ½ Prilocaine 4%, αž‡αžΆαž˜αž½αž™ epinephrine 1:200,000.
74. "αž’αŸ’αž“αž€αž‡αž˜αŸ’αž„αžΊαž˜αŸ’αž“αžΆαž€αŸ‹αžˆαžΊαž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰αžŠαŸ„αž™αž—αžΆαž–αž€αŸ’αžαŸ… αž“αž·αž„αžαŸ’αžšαž‡αžΆαž€αŸ‹αžšαž™αŸˆαž–αŸαž› αŸ£αžŸαž”αžΆαŸ’αžαž αŸαž αžΎαž™αŸ” αŸ£αžαŸ’αž„αŸƒαž˜αž»αž“αž“αŸαŸ‡ αžšαŸ„αž‚αžŸαž‰αŸ’αž‰αžΆαž˜αžΆαž“αž€αžΆαžšαž•αŸ’αž›αžΆαžŸαŸ‹αž”αŸ’αžαžΌαžšαž‘αŸ…αž‡αžΆαžˆαžΊαž…αžΆαž”αŸ‹αž˜αž’αŸ’αž™αž˜αž“αŸ…αž–αŸαž›αžαžΆαŸ† αžšαž½αž˜αž‡αžΆαž˜αž½αž™αž“αžΉαž„αž€αžΆαžšαžˆαžΊαžŸαŸ’αž‘αŸ†αŸ— αž“αž·αž„αžˆαžΊαžŠαŸ„αž™αž―αž€αž―αž„αžŠαŸ„αž™αž—αžΆαž–αžαŸ’αžšαž‡αžΆαž€αŸ‹αŸ” αžαžΎαžšαŸ„αž‚αžœαž·αž“αž·αž…αŸ’αž†αŸαž™αž˜αž½αž™αžŽαžΆαžŠαŸ‚αž›αžŸαž˜αžšαž˜αŸ’αž™αž”αŸ†αž•αž»αžαŸˆ"
Οƒ½ chronic apical abscess
Οƒ½ a cracked tooth
ΟƒΎ pulpal necrosis
Οƒ½ reversible pulpitis
Οƒ½ a vertical root fracture
75. "αž”αŸ’αžšαž™αŸ„αž‚αž˜αž½αž™αžŽαžΆαžαžΆαž„αž€αŸ’αžšαŸ„αž˜αžŠαŸ‚αž›αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ?"
Οƒ½ αž˜αž·αž“αž˜αžΆαž“αž€αžΆαžšαž€αžΎαž“αž‘αžΎαž„αž“αžΌαžœαž”αž‰αŸ’αž αžΆ fluorosis αž–αŸαž›αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž€αŸ’αž˜αŸαž„αž›αŸαž”αžαŸ’αž“αžΆαŸ†αžŠαž»αžŸαž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž˜αžΆαž“αž‡αžΆαžαž· fluoride
Οƒ½ αž€αžΆαžšαž›αžΆαž” topical fluoride αž‡αžΆ gel vehicle αž“αžΉαž„αž“αžΆαŸ†αž’αŸ„αž™αž˜αžΆαž“ fluorosis
Οƒ½ Fluoride αž’αžΆαž…αž“αžΆαŸ†αž’αŸ„αž™αž˜αžΆαž“ fluorosis αžŠαŸ„αž™αžœαžΆαž”αŸ‰αŸ‡αž–αžΆαž›αŸ‹αž‘αŸ…αž›αžΎαž—αžΆαž–αž‘αŸ†αž–αŸαž‰αžœαŸαž™αž“αŸƒ enamel
Οƒ½ αž€αžΆαžšαž”αŸ’αžšαžΎαž”αŸ’αžšαžΆαžŸαŸ‹ fluoride αž”αž“αŸ’αžαŸ‚αž˜ αž“αŸ…αž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„αž€αž“αŸ’αž›αŸ‚αž„ fluoridated αžœαžΆαž˜αž·αž“αž˜αžΆαž“αž”αŸ’αžšαžŸαž·αž‘αŸ’αž’αž·αž—αžΆαž–αž‘αŸ…αž›αžΎ fluorosis αž‘αŸαŸ”
ΟƒΎ αž—αžΆαž–αžŸαž“αž·αž„ opaque enamel disturbances αž’αžΆαž…αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœαž”αžΆαž“αž‚αŸαžŸαž“αŸ’αž˜αžαžαžΆαž˜αžΆαž“αž€αžΆαžšαž€αžΆαžšαž‡αŸ’αžšαžΆαž”αž…αžΌαž›αž“αŸƒ fluoride αž αž½αžŸαž€αŸ†αžšαž·αžαŸ”
76. "αžœαžαŸ’αžαž˜αžΆαž“αž“αŸƒ periodontal pockets, αžœαžΆαž”αž“αŸ’αž€αžΎαž“αž“αŸƒαž—αžΆαž–αž„αžΆαž”αŸ‹αž“αŸƒαž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰ αž€αžΆαžšαž€αŸαžαŸ’αž‘αž»αŸ‡ αž“αž·αž„ αžαŸ’αž™αž›αŸ‹αžŠαž„αŸ’αž αžΎαž˜αž˜αž·αž“αž›αŸ’αž’ αž‡αžΆαžšαžΏαž™αŸ—αž”αŸ†αž•αž»αžαž˜αžΆαž“αž€αžΆαžšαžšαž½αž˜αž•αŸ’αžŸαŸ†αž‡αžΆαž˜αž½αž™αž“αžΉαž„αŸˆ"
Οƒ½ necrotizing ulcerative periodontitis (NUP)
ΟƒΎ herpetic gingivostomatitis
Οƒ½ advanced chronic periodontitis
Οƒ½ αž€αž„αŸ’αžœαŸ‡αžœαž·αžαžΆαž˜αžΈαž“ B complex
Οƒ½ aplastic anemia
77. "αž€αžΆαžšαž”αŸ’αžšαžˆαž˜αž˜αž»αžαžšαŸ„αž‚αž–αž»αž€αž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰αž“αŸ…αž•αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€αž¬αžŸαž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰αž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„αžœαŸαž™αž˜αž“αž»αžŸαŸ’αžŸαž–αŸαž‰αžœαŸαž™αž‚αžΊαŸ– 1. αž˜αžΆαž“αž€αžΆαžšαž‘αŸ†αž“αžΆαž€αŸ‹αž‘αŸ†αž“αž„αž‡αžΆαž˜αž½αž™αž€αžΆαžšαž€αžΎαžαž˜αžΆαž“αžšαŸ„αž‚αž–αž»αž€αž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰αž“αŸ…αž€αŸ’αž”αžΆαž›αž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰ αž–αžΈαž˜αž»αž“αŸ—αž˜αž€ 2. αžŠαŸ„αž™αžŸαžΆαžšαž˜αžΆαž“αž€αžΆαžšαž€αžΆαžαŸ‹αž”αž“αŸ’αžαž™αž‡αžΆαžαž·αž—αŸ’αž›αž»αž™αž’αŸαžšαž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„αž‘αžΉαž€αž“αŸ…αžαžΆαž˜αžŸαž αž‚αž˜αž“αŸ 3. αžŠαŸ„αž™αžŸαžΆαžšαž˜αž“αž»αžŸαŸ’αžŸαž–αŸαž‰αžœαŸαž™αž‘αžΆαŸ†αž„αž‘αžΆαž™αžŽαžΆαžŠαŸ‚αž›αž˜αžΆαž“αž˜αŸαžšαŸ„αž‚ streptococcus mutans αžŠαŸαž…αŸ’αžšαžΎαž“ 4. αž˜αžΆαž“αž›αž€αŸ’αžαžŽαŸˆαž”αŸ’αžšαž αžΆαž€αŸ‹αž”αŸ’αžšαž αŸ‚αž›αž‚αŸ’αž“αžΆαžšαžœαžΆαž„αž’αŸ’αž“αž€αž‡αŸ†αž„αžΊαž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„αž”αŸ’αžšαž‘αŸαžŸαž’αž—αž·αžœαžŒαŸ’αžαž“αŸ αž“αž·αž„αž”αŸ’αžšαž‘αŸαžŸαž€αŸ†αž–αž»αž„αž’αž—αž·αžœαžŒαŸ’αžαž“αŸ"
ΟƒΎ (1) , (2) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (1) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (2) αž“αž·αž„ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ αž…αž˜αŸ’αž›αžΎαž™αž‘αžΆαŸ†αž„αž’αžŸαŸ‹αžαžΆαž„αž›αžΎαžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
78. "αž“αŸ…αž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„αžœαŸαž™αž’αžΆαž™αž»αž‡αžΆαž˜αž’αŸ’αž™αž˜αž˜αžΆαž“αž€αžΆαžšαž•αŸ’αž›αžΆαžŸαŸ‹αž”αŸ’αžαžΌαžšαž‡αžΆαž›αž·αž€αžΆαž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰αžšαžΉαž„ αžšαž½αž˜αž˜αžΆαž“ 1. αž€αžΆαžšαž€αž€αžΎαžαž‡αžΆαž”αž“αŸ’αžαž”αž“αŸ’αž‘αžΆαž”αŸ‹αž“αžΌαžœ Cementum 2. αž€αžΆαžšαž€αž€αžΎαžαž‡αžΆαž”αž“αŸ’αžαž”αž“αŸ’αž‘αžΆαž”αŸ‹αž“αžΌαžœ Dentin 3. αž€αžΆαžšαžαž™αž…αž»αŸ‡αž“αŸƒαž€αžΆαžšαž•αŸ’αž‚αžαŸ‹αž•αŸ’αž‚αž„αŸ‹αžˆαžΆαž˜αžŠαž›αŸ‹αžŸαžŸαŸƒαž”αžŽαŸ’αžαžΌαžšαž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰ 4. αž€αžΆαžšαž”αž„αŸ’αž€αžΎαž“αž‘αžΎαž„αž“αžΌαžœαž…αŸ†αžŽαž»αž…αž”αŸ’αžšαž αŸ„αž„αŸ—αž“αŸ…αž€αžΆαž…αžΆαž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰"
ΟƒΎ (1) , (2) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (1) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (2) αž“αž·αž„ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ αž…αž˜αŸ’αž›αžΎαž™αž‘αžΆαŸ†αž„αž’αžŸαŸ‹αžαžΆαž„αž›αžΎαžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
79. "αž€αžšαžŽαžΈαž—αžΆαž‚αž…αŸ’αžšαžΎαž“αž“αŸƒ erosive oral lichen planus αž€αžΆαžšαž–αŸ’αž™αžΆαž”αžΆαž›αžŠαŸαž˜αžΆαž“αž”αŸ’αžšαžŸαž·αž‘αŸ’αž’αž·αž—αžΆαž–αžšαž”αžŸαŸ‹αžœαžΆαž‡αžΆαž˜αž½αž™αŸ–"
Cytotoxics
Οƒ½ αžαŸ’αž“αžΆαŸ†αžŸαŸ†αž›αžΆαž”αŸ‹αž–αž½αž€αž•αŸ’αžŸαž·αž (antifungals)
Οƒ½ αžαŸ’αž“αžΆαŸ†αžŸαŸ†αž›αžΆαž”αŸ‹αž–αž½αž€αž”αžΆαž€αŸ‹αžαŸαžšαžΈ (antibacterials)
Οƒ½ αžαŸ’αž“αžΆαŸ†αžŸαŸ†αž›αžΆαž”αŸ‹αž–αž½αž€αž‡αŸ†αž„αžΊαž‚αŸ’αžšαž»αž“αž…αžΆαž‰αŸ‹ (antimalarials)
ΟƒΎ αžαŸ’αž“αžΆαŸ†αžŸαžŸαŸƒ (corticosteroids)
80. 80 "αž’αŸ’αž“αž€αž‡αŸ†αž„αžΊαž˜αŸ’αž“αžΆαž€αŸ‹αž’αžΆαž™αž» αŸ‘αŸ§αž†αŸ’αž“αžΆαŸ† αžšαž’αŸŠαžΌαžšαž‘αžΆαŸ†αž’αŸ†αž–αžΈαž‚αŸ’αžšαž»αž“αž€αŸ’αžαŸ… αž’αžŸαŸ‹αž€αŸ†αž›αžΆαŸ†αž„ αž“αž·αž„αžšαž›αžΆαž€αž”αŸ†αž–αž„αŸ‹αž€αŸ” αž€αžΆαžšαž–αž·αž“αž·αžαŸ’αž™αžαžΆαž˜αž‚αŸ’αž›αžΈαž“αž·αž€αž”αž„αŸ’αž αžΆαž‰αžαžΆαž’αŸ’αž“αž€αž‡αŸ†αž„αžΊαž˜αžΆαž“αž‡αŸ†αž„αžΊαž‘αžΎαž„αž€αžΌαž“αž€αžŽαŸ’αžαž»αžšαž‘αžΆαŸ†αž„αžŸαž„αžαžΆαž„αŸ” αž’αŸ’αž“αž€αž€αžαŸ‹αžŸαŸ†αž‚αžΆαž›αŸ‹αžƒαžΎαž‰αžαžΆαž˜αžΆαž“αž‘αžΎαž„αž–αž„αž€αŸ’αžšαž αž˜αžŠαŸαž…αŸ’αžšαžΎαž“αž›αžΎαž€αŸ’αžšαž’αžΌαž˜αž˜αžΆαžαŸ‹αž‘αž“αŸ‹ αž“αž·αž„ αž˜αžΆαž“αž€αžΆαžšαžšαžΈαž€αž”αŸ‰αŸ„αž„αžαŸ’αžšαž„αŸ‹αž’αžŽαŸ’αžαžΆαž αž“αž·αž„ Orapharyngeal αŸ” αžαžΎαžšαŸ„αž‚αžœαž·αž“αž·αž…αŸ’αž†αŸαž™αž“αŸƒαžšαŸ„αž‚αžŸαž‰αŸ’αž‰αžΆαž‘αžΆαŸ†αž„αž“αŸαŸ‡αž‘αŸ†αž“αž„αž‡αžΆαž’αŸ’αžœαžΈ?"
Herpangine
Οƒ½ Acute lymphonodula pharyngitis
Οƒ½ Primary herpetic gingivostomatitis
Οƒ½ Non- hodgkin’s lymphoma
ΟƒΎ Infectious mononucleosis
81. "αž’αŸ’αž“αž€αž‡αŸ†αž„αžΊαž˜αŸ’αž“αžΆαž€αŸ‹αž’αžΆαž™αž» αŸ€αŸ’αž†αŸ’αž“αžΆαŸ† αž˜αžΆαž“αž’αžΆαžšαž˜αŸ’αž˜αžŽαŸαžšαžœαžΎαžšαžœαžΆαž™ αžšαž’αŸŠαžΌαžšαž‘αžΆαŸ†αž’αŸ†αž–αžΈαž€αžΆαžšαž‘αž›αŸ‹αž›αžΆαž˜αž€ αž…αž»αŸ‡αžαŸ’αž™αŸ„αž™αž’αžŸαŸ‹αž€αŸ†αž›αžΆαŸ†αž„αŸ” αž€αžΆαžšαž–αž·αž“αž·αžαŸ’αž™αž‚αŸ’αž›αžΈαž“αž·αž€αžšαž€αžƒαžΎαž‰αž˜αžΆαž“αžŸαŸ’αž”αŸ‚αž€αžŸαŸ’αž„αž½αž ហើមមុឝ αž“αž·αž„αž˜αžΆαž“αžšαžΈαž€αž”αŸ‰αŸ„αž„αž’αŸ†αž•αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€αž’αžŽαŸ’αžαžΆαžαŸ” αžαžΎαžšαŸ„αž‚αžœαž·αž“αž·αž…αŸ’αž†αŸαž™αž“αŸƒαž‡αŸ†αž„αžΊαž“αŸαŸ‡αž‘αŸ†αž“αž„αž‡αžΆαž’αŸ’αžœαžΈ?"
Οƒ½ Infectious mononucleosis
Οƒ½ Multiple myeloma
Hypothyroidism
Hyperparathyroidism
Οƒ½ Addison’s Disease
82. "αž€αž»αž˜αžΆαžšαž’αžΆαž™αž» αŸ€αž†αŸ’αž“αžΆαŸ† αž˜αžΆαž“αžŸαž‰αŸ’αž‰αžΆαž‚αŸ’αžšαž»αž“αž€αŸ’αžαŸ… αžšαžŸαŸαŸ‡αžšαžŸαŸ„αŸ‡αžŠαŸƒαž‡αžΎαž„ αž€αŸ’αž’αž€αžšαž›αžΆαž€αžαŸ’αžšαž”αž€αž—αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€ αž“αž·αž„αž αŸ€αžšαžŸαŸ†αž”αŸ„αžšαŸ” αž€αžΆαžšαž–αž·αž“αž·αžαŸ’αž™αž‚αŸ’αž›αžΈαž“αž·αž€αžšαž€αžƒαžΎαž‰αž“αŸ…αžαŸ†αž”αž“αŸ‹αž‡αžΆαž…αŸ’αžšαžΎαž“αž˜αžΆαž“ erythema αž“αž·αž„αž–αž„αž–αžŽαŸŒαžαŸ€αžœαžαžΌαž…αŸ—αž‡αžΆαž…αŸ’αžšαžΎαž“αž“αŸ…αž›αžΎ buccal mucosoαŸ” αžαžΎαžšαŸ„αž‚αžœαž·αž“αž·αž…αŸ’αž†αŸαž™αž‘αžΆαŸ†αž„αž“αŸαŸ‡αž‘αŸ†αž“αž„αž‡αžΆαž‡αŸ†αž„αžΊαž’αŸ’αžœαžΈ?"
Herpangina
Οƒ½ German measles (rubella)
Οƒ½ Acute lymphonodular pharyngitis
ΟƒΎ Measle (rubeola)
Οƒ½ Hand-foot-and mouth disease
83. "αž€αžΆαžšαž‘αžΎαž„αž“αžΌαžœαžŸαŸ’αž“αžΆαž˜αž‡αŸ’αžšαž½αž‰αž–αžŽαŸŒαžŸ αžŸαžΆαž™αž—αžΆαž™αž“αŸƒ Buccle mucosa αž αžΎαž™αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„αž“αŸ„αŸ‡αž˜αžΆαž“αž€αžΆαžšαžαž™αž…αž»αŸ‡ αžŸαŸ’αž“αžΆαž˜αž–αž€ αž¬αžŸαŸ’αž“αžΆαž˜αž™αžΊαž αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž”αž‰αŸ’αž‡αžΆαž€αŸ‹αž’αŸ†αž–αžΈαž‡αŸ†αž„αžΊαŸ–
Leukoedema
Οƒ½ Lichen planus
Candidiasis
Οƒ½ Linea albe
Οƒ½ White sponge nevus
84. "αž€αž»αž˜αžΆαžšαžŸαŸ’αž›αŸαž€αžŸαŸ’αž›αžΆαŸ†αž„αž’αžΆαž™αž» αŸ¨αž†αŸ’αž“αžΆαŸ† αž˜αŸ’αž“αžΆαž€αŸ‹ αž”αž„αŸ’αž αžΆαž‰αž²αŸ’αž™αžƒαžΎαž‰αž’αž‰αŸ’αž…αžΆαž‰αžšαžΈαž€αž”αŸ‰αŸ„αž„ αž αžΎαž™αž αžΌαžšαžˆαžΆαž˜αžŠαŸ„αž™αž―αž„αŸ—αŸ” αž€αžΆαžšαž–αŸ’αž™αžΆαž”αžΆαž›αžŠαŸ†αž”αžΌαž„αžŠαŸ‚αž›αžŸαž˜αžŸαŸ’αžšαž”αž”αŸ†αž•αž»αžαž‘αŸ…αž›αžΎαž’αŸ’αž“αž€αž‡αŸ†αž„αžΊαž‚αžΊαŸ–" 84. "αž€αž»αž˜αžΆαžšαžŸαŸ’αž›αŸαž€αžŸαŸ’αž›αžΆαŸ†αž„αž’αžΆαž™αž» αŸ¨αž†αŸ’αž“αžΆαŸ† αž˜αŸ’αž“αžΆαž€αŸ‹ αž”αž„αŸ’αž αžΆαž‰αž²αŸ’αž™αžƒαžΎαž‰αž’αž‰αŸ’αž…αžΆαž‰αžšαžΈαž€αž”αŸ‰αŸ„αž„ αž αžΎαž™αž αžΌαžšαžˆαžΆαž˜αžŠαŸ„αž™αž―αž„αŸ—αŸ” αž€αžΆαžšαž–αŸ’αž™αžΆαž”αžΆαž›αžŠαŸ†αž”αžΌαž„αžŠαŸ‚αž›αžŸαž˜αžŸαŸ’αžšαž”αž”αŸ†αž•αž»αžαž‘αŸ…αž›αžΎαž’αŸ’αž“αž€αž‡αŸ†αž„αžΊαž‚αžΊαŸ–"
Οƒ½ αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœαž…αŸ’αžšαž·αž”αž™αž€αžŸαžΆαž…αŸ‹αž“αŸ„αŸ‡αž’αŸ’αžœαžΎ biopsy
Οƒ½ αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœαžŸαž·αž€αŸ’αžŸαžΆαž’αŸ†αž–αžΈ cytologic smear
ΟƒΎ αž”αž‰αŸ’αž‡αžΆαž²αŸ’αž™αžœαž·αž—αžΆαž‚αž’αŸ†αž–αžΈαž…αŸ†αž“αž½αž“αž‚αŸ’αžšαžΆαž”αŸ‹αžˆαžΆαž˜
Οƒ½ αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœαžŸαž·αž€αŸ’αžŸαžΆαž’αŸ†αž–αžΈαž€αžΆαžšαž”αžŽαŸ’αžαž»αŸ‡αž˜αŸαžšαŸ„αž‚
Οƒ½ αž”αž‰αŸ’αž‡αžΆαž²αŸ’αž™αžœαž·αž—αžΆαž‚αž€αŸ†αžšαž·αžαž‡αžΆαžαž·αžŸαŸ’αž€ αž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„αžˆαžΆαž˜
85. "αžαžΎαžŸαžΆαž…αŸ‹αžŠαž»αŸ†αžŽαžΆαž˜αž½αž™αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž‡αžΆαž˜αžΌαž›αž αŸαžαž»αž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„αž€αžΆαžšαž‘αžΆαž‰ Condyle αž²αŸ’αž™αž•αŸ’αž›αžΆαžŸαŸ‹αž‘αžΈαž€αž“αŸ’αž›αŸ‚αž„αž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„αž€αžšαžŽαžΈαž”αžΆαž€αŸ‹αž€αŸ’αžšαžΆαžŸαžαŸ’αž‚αžΆαž˜αž†αŸ’αž’αžΉαž„αž€αŸ’αžšαŸ„αž˜αŸ–"
Οƒ½ Medial (Internal) pterygoid
ΟƒΎ Lateral (external) pterygoid
Masseter
Temporalis
Οƒ½ Superior constrictor
86. "αž€αžΆαžšαž αžΎαž˜αž‘αžΎαž„αžœαž·αž‰αž•αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€αž˜αŸ’αžαžΆαž„αž“αŸƒ Submandibular αž“αž·αž„αž˜αžΆαž“αž€αžΆαžšαžˆαžΊαž…αžΆαž”αŸ‹αž˜αž»αž“αž–αŸαž›αž”αžšαž·αž—αŸ„αž‚αž’αžΆαž αžΆαžšαž‚αžΊαž”αž‰αŸ’αž‡αžΆαž€αŸ‹αž’αŸ†αž–αžΈαŸ–"
Οƒ½ Anodontogenic infection
Sialolithiasis
Ranula
Sarcoidosis
Οƒ½ Sjogren’s syndrome
87. "αž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„αž’αŸ†αž‘αž»αž„αž–αŸαž›αžŠαž€αž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰αžαŸ’αž‚αžΆαž˜αž€αž”αŸ‹αž›αŸαž ៣៨ αžŸαžŸαŸƒαž”αŸ’αžšαžŸαžΆαž‘ Lingual αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœαž”αžΆαž“αžαžΌαž…αžαžΆαžαŸ” αž…αž˜αŸ’αž›αžΎαž™αž‘αžΆαŸ†αž„αž’αžŸαŸ‹αž’αžΆαž…αž€αžΎαžαž˜αžΆαž“αž›αžΎαž€αž›αŸ‚αž„αžαŸ‚αŸ–"
Οƒ½ αž”αžΆαžαŸ‹αž”αž„αŸ‹αžšαžŸαž‡αžΆαžαž·αž…αžΆαž”αŸ‹αž–αžΈ 2/3 αžαžΆαž„αž˜αž»αžαž•αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€αžαžΆαž„αž†αŸ’αžœαŸαž„αž’αžŽαŸ’αžαžΆαž
ΟƒΎ αž˜αžΆαž“αž€αžΆαžšαž‘αžΆαž‰αž’αžŽαŸ’αžαžΆαžαž‘αŸ…αž•αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€αžαžΆαž„αž†αŸ’αžœαŸαž„αž αž»αž…αž‘αŸ…αž€αŸ’αžšαŸ„αž™
Οƒ½ αž”αž“αŸ’αžαž™αž€αžΆαžšαž αžΌαžšαž‘αžΉαž€αž˜αžΆαžαŸ‹αž–αžΈαž€αŸ’αžšαž–αŸαž‰αž€αŸ’αžšαŸ„αž˜αž’αžŽαŸ’αžαžΆαžαžαžΆαž„αž†αŸ’αžœαŸαž„
Οƒ½ αž”αž“αŸ’αžαž™αž€αžΆαžšαž αžΌαžšαž‘αžΉαž€αž˜αžΆαžαŸ‹αž–αžΈαž€αŸ’αžšαž–αŸαž‰αž†αŸ’αž’αžΉαž„αžαŸ’αž‚αžΆαž˜αž€αŸ’αžšαŸ„αž˜αžαžΆαž„αž†αŸ’αžœαŸαž„
Οƒ½ αžŸαŸ’αž–αžΉαž€αž€αŸ’αžšαž’αžΌαž˜αž˜αžΆαžαŸ‹αž•αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€αžαžΆαž„αž†αŸ’αžœαŸαž„
88. "αžœαž·αž’αžΈαžŸαžΆαžŸαŸ’αžαŸ’αžšαžŠαŸαž˜αžΆαž“αž”αŸ’αžšαžŸαž·αž‘αŸ’αž’αž—αžΆαž–αž”αŸ†αž•αž»αžαž“αŸƒαž€αžΆαžšαžŸαŸ†αž›αžΆαž”αŸ‹αž˜αŸαžšαŸ„αž‚αž“αŸ…αž›αžΎαžŸαž˜αŸ’αž—αžΆαžšαŸˆ αž‘αž“αŸ’αžαžŸαžΆαžŸαŸ’αžαŸ’αžšαž‚αžΊαŸ–"
Οƒ½ αž‡αŸ’αžšαž˜αž»αž‡αž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„αž‘αžΉαž€αž€αŸ’αžαŸ…αž€αŸ†αž–αž»αž„αž–αž»αŸ‡ αžšαž™αŸˆαž–αŸαž› ៑០ αž“αžΆαž‘αžΈ
Οƒ½ αž‡αŸ’αžšαž˜αž»αž‡αž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„αžŸαžΌαž›αž»αž™αžŸαŸ’αž™αž»αž„ Disinfection αž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„αžŸαžΈαžαž»αžŽαŸ’αž αž—αžΆαž– ៑០០ αž’αž„αŸ’αžŸαžΆαžŸαŸαžšαž™αŸˆαž–αŸαž› ៑αŸ₯αž“αžΆαž‘αžΈ
Οƒ½ αžŠαžΆαž€αŸ‹αž…αžΌαž›αž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„αž†αŸ’αž“αžΆαŸ†αž„αž€αŸ†αžŠαŸ…αžŸαžΎαž˜ Oven αžŸαžΈαžαž»αžŽαŸ’αž αž—αžΆαž– ៑០០ αž’αž„αŸ’αžŸαžΆαžŸαŸ αžšαž™αŸˆαž–αŸαž› ៑αŸ₯αž“αžΆαž‘αžΈ
Οƒ½ αžŠαžΆαž€αŸ‹αž…αžΌαž›αž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„αž†αŸ’αž“αžΆαŸ†αž„αž€αŸ†αžŠαŸ…αžŸαŸ’αž„αž½αž oven αžŸαžΈαžαž»αžŽαŸ’αž αž—αžΆαž– ៑្០ αž’αž„αŸ’αžŸαžΆαžŸαŸ αžšαž™αŸˆαž–αŸαž› αŸ’αŸ αž“αžΆαž‘αžΈ
ΟƒΎ αžŠαžΆαž€αŸ‹αž…αžΌαž›αž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„ Autoclave αžŸαžΈαžαž»αžŽαŸ’αž αž—αžΆαž– ៑្០ αž’αž„αŸ’αžŸαžΆαžŸαŸ αžšαž™αŸˆαž–αŸαž› ្០ αž“αžΆαž‘αžΈ
89. "αž€αžΆαžšαž”αŸ’αžšαžˆαž˜αž‚αŸ’αžšαŸ„αŸ‡αžαŸ’αž“αžΆαž€αŸ‹αž“αŸƒαž€αžΆαžšαž†αŸ’αž›αž„αž‡αŸ†αž„αžΊαžšαž›αžΆαž€αžαŸ’αž›αžΎαž˜αž”αŸ’αžšαž—αŸαž‘ B αžœαžΆαž˜αžΆαž“αž›αž€αŸ’αžαžŽαŸˆαž’αŸ†αž’αŸαž„αž‡αžΆαž„αž‡αž˜αŸ’αž„αžΊαž’αŸαžŠαžŸαŸ (HIV) αžŠαŸ„αž™αžŸαžΆαžšαžœαžΈαžšαž»αžŸαž‡αž˜αŸ’αž„αžΊαžαŸ’αž›αžΎαž˜αž”αŸ’αžšαž—αŸαž‘ B αžœαžΆαŸ– 1. αž’αž“αŸ‹αž‘αŸ’αžšαžΆαŸ†αžšαžŸαŸ‹αž“αŸ…αž‡αžΆαž„ វីរុស ហ៊ីវ 2. αž†αŸ’αž›αž„αžαžΆαž˜αžšαž™αŸˆαž‘αžΉαž€αž˜αžΆαžαŸ‹ 3. αž˜αžΆαž“αž…αŸ†αž“αž½αž“αžŠαŸαž…αŸ’αžšαžΎαž“αž›αžΎαžŸαž›αž»αž”αž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„αžˆαžΆαž˜αž‡αžΆαž„αžœαžΈαžšαž»αžŸαž αŸŠαžΈαžœ 4. αžœαžΆαž’αž“αŸ‹αž‘αŸ’αžšαžΆαŸ†αž“αžΉαž„αž€αŸ†αžŠαŸ… Autoclave"
ΟƒΎ (1) , (2) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (1) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (2) αž“αž·αž„ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ αž…αž˜αŸ’αž›αžΎαž™αž‘αžΆαŸ†αž„αž’αžŸαŸ‹αžαžΆαž„αž›αžΎαžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
90. "αžαžΎαž€αžαŸ’αžαžΆαžŽαžΆαž˜αž½αž™αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž˜αžΆαž“αž₯αž‘αŸ’αž’αž·αž–αž›αž‘αŸ…αž›αžΎαž€αžΆαžšαž€αž€αžΎαžαžšαŸ„αž‚αž–αž»αž‚αž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰αž“αŸ…αž•αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€αž«αžŸ? 1. αž’αžΆαž αžΆαžšαžŠαŸ‚αž›αžŸαŸ†αž”αžΌαžšαž‡αžΆαžαž· Carbohydrates 2. αž‡αž˜αŸ’αž„αžΊαž‡αžΆαž›αž·αž€αžΆαž‡αž»αŸ†αžœαž·αž‰αž¬αžŸαž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰ 3. αžŸαžŽαŸ’αž‹αžΆαž“αž€αžΆαž™αžœαž·αž—αžΆαž‚αžœαž·αž‘αŸ’αž™αžΆαž“αŸƒαžŠαŸ‚αž“αž€αŸ†αžŽαžαŸ‹αžšαžœαžΆαž„ Cementum αž“αž·αž„ enamel 4. Xerostomic"
Οƒ½ (1) , (2) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (1) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (2) αž“αž·αž„ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
ΟƒΎ αž…αž˜αŸ’αž›αžΎαž™αž‘αžΆαŸ†αž„αž’αžŸαŸ‹αžαžΆαž„αž›αžΎαžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
91. 91 "αž€αžΆαžšαž’αŸ’αžœαžΎαžαŸαžŸαŸ’αžαžŠαŸ„αž™αž’αž‚αŸ’αž‚αž·αžŸαž“αžΈαž‘αŸ…αž›αžΎαž”αžŽαŸ’αžαžΌαž›αž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰αž’αžΆαž…αž•αŸ’αžαž›αŸ‹αž“αžΌαžœαž›αž‘αŸ’αž’αž•αž›αž˜αž½αž™αž…αŸ†αž“αž½αž“αž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„αž€αžΆαžšαž€αŸ†αžŽαžαŸ‹αžαžΆαžαžΎαŸ– 1. αž”αžŽαŸ’αžαžΌαž›αž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰αž“αŸ„αŸ‡αžœαžΆαž˜αžΆαž“αžŸαž‰αŸ’αž‰αžΆ Hyperremic ឬ hyperplastic 2. αž˜αžΆαž“αž€αžΆαžšαžšαž›αž½αž™αž•αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€αžŽαžΆαž˜αž½αž™αž“αŸƒαž”αžŽαŸ’αžαžΌαž›αž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰ 3. αž˜αžΆαž“αž€αžΆαžšαžšαž›αžΆαž€αž”αžŽαŸ’αžαžΌαž›αž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰αž‡αžΆαž•αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€αŸ— ឬ αžšαž›αžΆαž€αž‘αžΆαŸ†αž„αž’αžŸαŸ‹ 4. αž”αžŽαŸ’αžαžΌαž›αž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰αž“αŸ…αžšαžŸαŸ‹ ឬ αž„αžΆαž”αŸ‹
Οƒ½ (1) , (2) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (1) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (2) αž“αž·αž„ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
ΟƒΎ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ αž…αž˜αŸ’αž›αžΎαž™αž‘αžΆαŸ†αž„αž’αžŸαŸ‹αžαžΆαž„αž›αžΎαžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
92. "αž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„αž’αŸ†αž‘αž»αž„αž–αŸαž›αžœαžαŸ’αžαžŠαŸ αž“αŸƒαž€αžΆαžšαž‘αŸ†αž–αžΆαžšαž’αžΆαž αžΆαžšαž’αž˜αŸ’αž˜αžαžΆ αžαžΎαžŸαžΆαž…αŸ‹αžŠαž»αŸ†αžŽαžΆαž˜αž½αž™αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž˜αžΆαž“αžŸαž€αž˜αŸ’αž˜αž—αžΆαž–αžαŸ’αž›αžΆαŸ†αž„αž‡αžΆαž„αž‚αŸαž“αŸ…αž–αŸαž›αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰ αžŸαŸ’αžαž·αžαž“αŸ…αž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„αžŸαŸ’αžαžΆαž“αž—αžΆαž–αžαžΆαŸ†αž™αŸ‰αžΆαž„αžαŸ’αž›αžΆαŸ†αž„αž”αŸ†αž•αž»αžαžšαžœαžΆαž„αž€αŸ’αžšαžΆαžŸαŸ‹αž›αžΎ αž“αž·αž„αž€αŸ’αžšαžΆαžŸαŸ‹αž€αŸ’αžšαŸ„αž˜? 1. αžŸαžΆαž…αŸ‹αžŠαž»αŸ† Medial pterygoid 2. αžŸαžΆαž…αŸ‹αžŠαž»αŸ† Masseter 3. αžŸαžΆαž…αŸ‹αžŠαž»αŸ† Lateral pterygoid 4. αžŸαžΆαž…αŸ‹αžŠαž»αŸ† digastrics"
ΟƒΎ (1) , (2) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (1) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (2) αž“αž·αž„ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ αž…αž˜αŸ’αž›αžΎαž™αž‘αžΆαŸ†αž„αž’αžŸαŸ‹αžαžΆαž„αž›αžΎαžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
93. "αžαžΎαžœαžΈαžαžΆαž˜αžΈαž“αž˜αž½αž™αžŽαžΆαžŠαŸ‚αž›αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœαž€αžΆαžšαž”αŸ†αž•αž»αžαž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„αž€αžΆαžšαž”αž„αŸ’αž€αžΎαž Collagen?"
Οƒ½ αžœαžΈαžαžΆαž˜αžΈαž“ A
ΟƒΎ αžœαžΈαžαžΆαž˜αžΈαž“ C
Οƒ½ αžœαžΈαžαžΆαž˜αžΈαž“ D
Οƒ½ αžœαžΈαžαžΆαž˜αžΈαž“ E
Οƒ½ αžœαžΈαžαžΆαž˜αžΈαž“ K
94. "αž“αŸ…αž–αŸαž›αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž‚αŸαž…αžΆαž€αŸ‹αžαŸ’αž“αžΆαŸ†αžŸαŸ’αž–αžΉαž€αž…αŸ†αžαŸ†αž”αž“αŸ‹ infraorbital foramen αžœαžΆαž“αžΉαž„αž’αŸ’αžœαžΎαž²αŸ’αž™αžŸαŸ’αž–αžΉαž€αžŠαž›αŸ‹αŸ–"
Οƒ½ αžŸαŸ’αž”αŸ‚αž€ αž“αž·αž„ conjunctivum αžšαž”αžŸαŸ‹αžαŸ’αžšαž”αž€αž—αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€αž€αŸ’αžšαŸ„αž˜
Οƒ½ αžŸαŸ’αž”αŸ‚αž€ αž“αž·αž„ αž—αŸ’αž“αžΆαž€αžαžΆαž„αž›αžΎαž“αŸƒαž”αž”αžΌαžšαž˜αžΆαžαŸ‹
ΟƒΎ αžŸαž“αŸ’αž‘αž»αŸ‡αž€αžŽαŸ’αžαžΆαž›αž“αŸƒαžŸαŸ’αž”αŸ‚αž€αžšαž”αžŸαŸ‹αž…αŸ’αžšαž˜αž»αŸ‡
Οƒ½ αž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰αž•αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€αžαžΆαž„αž˜αž»αžαž“αŸƒαž€αŸ’αžšαžΆαžŸαž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰αž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰αž›αžΎ
Οƒ½ αž—αŸ’αž“αžΆαžŸαž“αŸƒαž‡αž‰αŸ’αž‡αžΆαŸ†αž„αž•αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€αžαžΆαž„αž˜αž»αžαž“αŸƒαžŸαŸŠαžΈαž“αž»αžŸ Maxillary
95. "αž˜αžΌαž›αž αŸαžαž»αž…αŸ†αž”αž„αž”αŸ†αž•αž»αžαžŠαŸ‚αž›αž”αž„αŸ’αž€αž²αŸ’αž™αž”αžΆαž€αŸ‹ porcelain veneer αž‚αžΊαž‡αžΆαž”αž“αŸ’αž‘αŸ‡αžŠαŸ‚αž€αžαžΆαž„αž€αŸ’αžšαŸ„αž˜ Veneer αž“αŸ„αŸ‡αžœαžΆαž˜αž€αž›αžΎαžŸαžΆαž…αŸ‹ porcelain αžŠαžΎαž˜αŸ’αž”αžΈαž’αŸ’αžœαžΎαž‡αžΆαžŸαŸ’αž–αžΆαž“ αž‚αžΊαžœαžΆαŸ–
ΟƒΎ αž€αŸ†αžŽαŸ„αž„αžŸαŸ’αž–αžΆαž“αž€αŸ’αžšαŸ„αž˜αž”αž“αŸ’αž‘αž»αž€αž•αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€ Occlusal
Οƒ½ Porcelain veneer αž˜αžΆαž“αž€αŸ†αžšαžΆαžŸαŸ‹αž›αžΎαžŸαž–αžΈ ្ មម
Οƒ½ Metal αž”αŸ’αžšαž‘αžΆαž€αŸ‹αž˜αž»αž“αž–αŸαž›αž—αŸ’αž‡αžΆαž”αŸ‹αžŸαžΆαž…αŸ‹ porcelain
Οƒ½ αž˜αžΆαž“αž–αž–αž»αŸ‡αž•αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€αžαžΆαž„αž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„ veneer
Οƒ½ αž›αžΆαž”αžαŸ’αž“αžΆαŸ†αž’αŸ’αžœαžΎαž²αŸ’αž™αžšαž›αŸ„αž„αž‡αŸ’αžšαž»αž›αž–αŸαž€αž‘αŸ…αž›αžΎαžŸαžΆαž…αŸ‹ porcelain
96. "αž€αžΆαžšαžŠαž»αŸ‡αžŸαŸ†αž’αžΆαžαž›αžΆαž„αžŠαŸƒ αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœαžαŸ‚αž’αž“αž»αžœαžαŸ’αžαž“αŸαž˜αž»αž“αž“αžΉαž„αž€αžΆαž“αŸ‹αž™αž€ αžŸαŸ’αžšαŸ„αž˜αžŠαŸƒ αž“αž·αž„αž”αž“αŸ’αž‘αžΆαž”αŸ‹αž–αžΈαžŠαŸ„αŸ‡αžŸαŸ’αžšαŸ„αž˜αžŠαŸƒαž…αŸαž‰ αžŠαŸ„αž™αžŸαžΆαžšαžαŸ‚αŸ– 1. αž€αžΆαžαŸ‹αž”αž“αŸ’αžαž™αž“αžΌαžœαž…αŸ†αž“αž½αž“αž”αžΆαž€αŸ‹αžαŸαžšαžΈαž“αŸ…αž›αžΎαžŸαŸ’αž”αŸ‚αž€αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž˜αžΆαž“αž…αŸ†αž“αžΌαž“αž…αŸ’αžšαžΎαž“ αž“αž·αž„αž‡αžΆαž˜αžΌαž›αž αŸαžαž»αž†αŸ’αž›αž„αž‘αŸ…αž€αž“αŸ’αž›αŸ‚αž„αžŠαž‘αŸ€αž 2. αž›αž»αž”αž”αŸ†αž”αžΆαžαŸ‹αž…αŸ„αž›αž‘αžΆαŸ†αž„αžŸαŸ’αžšαž»αž„ αž”αžΆαž€αŸ‹αžαŸαžšαžΈαž“αŸ…αž›αžΎαžŸαŸ’αž”αŸ‚αž€ 3. αž€αžΆαžαŸ‹αž”αž“αŸ’αžαž™αž”αžΆαž€αŸ‹αžαŸαžšαžΈαž²αŸ’αž™αž“αŸ…αžαž·αž…αž”αŸ†αž•αž»αžαžŠαŸ‚αž›αž’αžΆαž…αž…αŸ†αž›αž„αžαžΆαž˜αžšαž™αŸˆαžŠαŸƒαž…αžΌαž›αž‘αŸ…αž€αž“αŸ’αž›αŸ‚αž„αž…αž“αŸ’αž›αŸ„αŸ‡αžαžΌαž…αŸ—αž•αŸ’αžŸαŸαž‘αŸ€αž 4. αž’αŸ’αžœαžΎαž’αŸ„αž™αžŸαŸ’αžšαŸ„αž˜αžŠαŸƒαž„αžΆαž™αžšαž’αž·αž›αž”αŸ†αž•αž»αžαž“αŸ…αž–αŸαž›αž”αŸ‰αŸ‡αžŸαŸ†αžŽαžΎαž˜"
Οƒ½ (1) , (2) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
ΟƒΎ (1) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (2) αž“αž·αž„ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ αž…αž˜αŸ’αž›αžΎαž™αž‘αžΆαŸ†αž„αž’αžŸαŸ‹αžαžΆαž„αž›αžΎαžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
97. "αž€αžΆαžšαžšαžΈαž€αž’αž‰αŸ’αž…αžΆαž‰αž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰αž’αžΆαž…αž‡αžΆαž›αž‘αŸ’αž’αž•αž›αž”αžŽαŸ’αžαžΆαž›αž˜αž€αž–αžΈαž€αžΆαžšαž›αŸαž”αžαŸ’αž“αžΆαŸ†αŸ– 1. Nifedipine 2. Cyclosporine 3. Phenytoin sodium 4. Prednisolone"
ΟƒΎ (1) , (2) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
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Οƒ½ (2) αž“αž·αž„ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ αž…αž˜αŸ’αž›αžΎαž™αž‘αžΆαŸ†αž„αž’αžŸαŸ‹αžαžΆαž„αž›αžΎαžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
98. "αž€αžΆαžšαž’αž„αŸ’αž€αŸαžαžœαž·αž“αž·αž…αŸ’αž†αŸαž™αž‘αŸ…αž›αžΎαž–αž»αž˜αŸ’αž–αž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž…αžΆαž€αŸ‹αž”αžΆαž“αž˜αž€ αž‚αžΊαž‡αžΆαž•αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€αž˜αž½αž™αž“αŸƒαž–αž·αž’αžΈαž€αžΆαžš αž“αŸƒαž‚αž˜αŸ’αžšαŸ„αž„αž€αŸ’αžšαžΆαžŸαŸ‹αž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰ removable partial denture αžŠαŸ‚αž›αžαž˜αŸ’αžšαžΌαžœαž€αžΆαžšαž…αžΆαŸ†αž”αžΆαž…αŸ‹αžŠαžΎαž˜αŸ’αž”αžΈαŸ– 1. αž€αŸ†αžŽαžαŸ‹αž•αŸ’αž›αžΌαžœαžŠαŸ‚αž›αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœαž”αž‰αŸ’αž…αžΌαž›αž€αŸ’αžšαžΆαžŸαŸ‹αž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰ removable partial denture 2. αžœαžΆαž™αžαž˜αŸ’αž›αŸƒαž’αŸ†αž–αžΈαž—αžΆαž–αžšαžΉαž„αž˜αžΆαŸ†αž˜αžΆαž“αžŸαŸ’αžαŸαžšαž—αžΆαž–αž“αŸƒαž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰ αžŠαžΎαžšαžαž½αž“αžΆαž‘αžΈαž‡αžΆαž”αž„αŸ’αž‚αŸ„αž› 3. αžœαžΆαž™αžαž˜αŸ’αž›αŸƒαž’αŸ†αž–αžΈαž€αžΆαžšαž€αŸ‚αž”αŸ’αžšαŸ‚αžŽαžΆαž˜αž½αž™αž…αžΆαŸ†αž”αžΆαž…αŸ‹αžŠαžΎαž˜αŸ’αž”αžΈαž”αž„αŸ’αž€αžΎαžαž•αŸ’αž›αžΌαžœαž”αž‰αŸ’αž…αžΌαž›αž²αŸ’αž™αžŸαŸ’αžšαž”αž‚αŸ’αž“αžΆ 4. αžšαž€αž²αŸ’αž™αžƒαžΎαž‰αž‘αžΈαžαžΆαŸ†αž„αž€αŸ†αž–αžŸαŸ‹αž“αŸƒ contour αž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰αž”αž„αŸ’αž‚αŸ„αž› (contour abutment teeth)"
Οƒ½ (1) , (2) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (1) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (2) αž“αž·αž„ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
ΟƒΎ αž…αž˜αŸ’αž›αžΎαž™αž‘αžΆαŸ†αž„αž’αžŸαŸ‹αžαžΆαž„αž›αžΎαžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
99. "αž‚αž˜αŸ’αžšαŸ„αž„αž’αŸ’αžœαžΎ Pontic αžŸαŸ†αžšαžΆαž”αŸ‹αž›αžΆαž™αž”αž‰αŸ’αž…αžΌαž› porcelain αž‘αŸ…αž“αžΉαž„αžŸαŸ’αž–αžΆαž“ metal bridge αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœαžαŸ‚αŸ– 1. αž€αž“αŸ’αž›αŸ‚αž„αžŸαŸ†αžšαžΆαž”αŸ‹αžŸαžΆαž…αŸ‹ Porcelain 2. αž’αŸ’αžœαžΎαž™αŸ‰αžΆαž„αžŽαžΆαž²αŸ’αž™ porcelain αž‚αŸ’αžšαž”αŸ‹αžŠαžŽαŸ’αžαž”αŸ‹αž‘αžΆαŸ†αž„αžŸαŸ’αžšαž»αž„αž›αžΎ metal 3. αžŠαžΆαž€αŸ‹αž€αž“αŸ’αž›αŸ‚αž„αž—αŸ’αž‡αžΆαž”αŸ‹αžšαžœαžΆαž„ porcelain αž“αž·αž„ metal αž²αŸ’αž™αžƒαŸ’αž›αžΆαžαž–αžΈαž‡αžΆαž›αž·αž€αžΆαž‘αž“αŸ‹ 4. αž–αž·αž“αž·αžαŸ’αž™ αž“αž·αž„αžαžΆαž˜αžŠαžΆαž“αž€αŸ†αžŠαŸ…αž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„αž’αŸ’αžœαžΎαž…αŸ†αž’αž·αž“ Porcelain"
Οƒ½ (1) , (2) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (1) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (2) αž“αž·αž„ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
ΟƒΎ αž…αž˜αŸ’αž›αžΎαž™αž‘αžΆαŸ†αž„αž’αžŸαŸ‹αžαžΆαž„αž›αžΎαžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
100. αžαžΎαžαŸ†αž”αž“αŸ‹αžŽαžΆαž˜αž½αž™αžŸαŸ’αžαž·αžαž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„αž˜αžΆαžαŸ‹ αžŠαŸ‚αž›αžŠαž»αŸ†αž€αŸ„αžŸαž·αž€αžΆαž‡αŸ†αž„αžΊαž˜αž αžΆαžšαžΈαž€αž„αžΆαž™αžœαž·αžœαžαŸ’αžαž›αžΏαž“αž”αŸ†αž•αž»αžαŸ–
ΟƒΎ αž”αž”αžΌαžšαž˜αžΆαžαŸ‹αžαžΆαž„αž€αŸ’αžšαŸ„αž˜
Οƒ½ αžαŸ†αž”αž“αŸ‹αž•αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€αžαžΆαž„αž€αŸ’αžšαŸ„αž™αž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰αžαŸ’αž‚αžΆαž˜
Οƒ½ αž’αž‰αŸ’αž…αžΆαž‰αž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰
Οƒ½ αž—αŸ’αž“αžΆαžŸαž‘αž“αŸ‹αž•αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€αžαŸ’αž‚αžΆαž›αŸ‹
Οƒ½ αž€αŸ’αžšαž’αžΌαž˜αžšαžΉαž„
101. αžαžΎαž˜αžΌαž›αž αŸαžαž»αž˜αž½αž™αžŽαžΆαžŠαŸ‚αž›αž’αŸ’αžœαžΎαž’αŸ„αž™αž˜αžΆαž“αžŸαž˜αŸ’αž›αŸαž„ Clicking αž“αŸ…αž–αŸαž›αž“αž·αž™αžΆαž™ αž αžΎαž™αž–αžΆαž€αŸ‹αž€αŸ’αžšαžΆαžŸαŸ‹αž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰αžŸαŸ’αž“αž·αž? 1. αž•αŸ’αž‘αŸƒαž‘αŸ†αž–αžΆαžšαž‚αŸ’αž˜αžΆαž“αžαž»αž›αŸ’αž™αž—αžΆαž– 2. αž”αŸ’αžšαžœαŸ‚αž„ Dimension αž•αŸ’αž‘αŸƒαž‘αŸ†αž–αžΆαžšαž•αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€ vertical αžœαŸ‚αž„αž αž½αžŸαž αŸαžαž» 3. αž€αžΆαžαŸ‹αž”αž“αŸ’αžαž™αž”αŸ’αžšαžœαŸ‚αž„αž…αŸ†αžŽαž»αž…αžαŸ’αžšαž½αžαžŸαŸŠαžΈαž‚αŸ’αž“αžΆαž•αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€ horizontal 4. αž‚αŸ’αž˜αžΆαž“αž€αž“αŸ’αž›αŸ‚αž„ αž¬αžαŸ†αž”αž“αŸ‹αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž’αŸ’αžœαžΎαž²αŸ’αž™αž€αŸ’αžšαžΆαžŸαŸ‹αž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰αžŸαŸ’αž“αž·αžαž”αžΊαžαž‡αžΆαž”αŸ‹αž›αŸ’αž’
Οƒ½ (1)
Οƒ½ (1) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
ΟƒΎ (2) αž“αž·αž„ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ αž…αž˜αŸ’αž›αžΎαž™αž‘αžΆαŸ†αž„αž’αžŸαŸ‹αžαžΆαž„αž›αžΎαžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
102. "αž€αžΆαžšαž”αŸ’αžšαžΎ Angle SNA αž‚αžΊαž‡αžΆαžœαž·αž’αžΈαžŸαžΆαžŸαŸ’αžαŸ’αžšαž˜αž½αž™αžŠαžΎαž˜αŸ’αž”αžΈαžœαžΆαž™αžαž˜αŸ’αž›αŸƒαž‘αŸ…αž›αžΎαŸ–"
ΟƒΎ αž—αžΆαž–αž αž»αž…αž‘αŸ…αž˜αž»αžαžšαž”αžŸαŸ‹αž€αŸ’αžšαžΆαžŸαŸ‹αž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰αžαŸ’αž‚αžΆαž˜αž›αžΎ (Maxillary protrusion)
Οƒ½ αž€αžΆαžšαžαžΆαŸ†αž˜αžΆαž“αž…αž“αŸ’αž›αŸ„αŸ‡αž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰αž˜αž»αž (Overbite)
Οƒ½ αž—αžΆαž–αž αž»αž…αž‘αŸ…αž›αžΎαž“αŸƒαž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰αž˜αž»αžαžαžΆαž„αž›αžΎ (upper incisor inclination)
Οƒ½ αž€αŸ†αž–αžŸαŸ‹αžšαž”αžŸαŸ‹αž•αŸ’αž‘αŸƒαž˜αž»αž
Οƒ½ αžšαž„αŸ’αžœαžΆαžŸαŸ‹αž˜αž»αŸ†αž“αŸƒαž€αŸ’αžšαžΆαžŸαŸ‹αž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰αžαŸ’αž‚αžΆαž˜αž€αŸ’αžšαŸ„αž˜ (Mandibular angle)
103. "αžαžΎαžœαž·αž’αžΈαžŸαžΆαžŸαŸ’αžαŸ’αžšαž˜αž½αž™αžŽαžΆαžŠαŸ‚αž›αž’αžΆαž…αž”αž„αŸ’αž€αžΎαž“αž±αž€αžΆαžŸ αž“αž·αž„αž—αžΆαž–αž‡αŸ„αž‚αž‡αŸαž™ αž“αŸƒαž€αžΆαžšαž’αŸ’αžœαžΎαž²αŸ’αž™αž•αŸ’αžŸαžΆαžšαž—αŸ’αž‡αžΆαž”αŸ‹αž‚αŸ’αž“αžΆαžŠαŸ„αž™αžšαž˜αž½αžαžšαžœαžΆαž„αž†αŸ’αž’αžΉαž„ αž“αž·αž„αž”αž„αŸ’αž‚αŸ„αž› implant? 1. αžœαž·αž’αžΈαžŸαžΆαžŸαŸ’αžαŸ’αžšαžœαŸ‡αž€αžΆαžαŸ‹αžŠαŸ„αž™αž–αž»αŸ†αžŸαžΌαžœαž˜αžΆαž“αž€αžΆαžšαž”αŸ‰αŸ‡αž‘αž„αŸ’αž‚αž·αž…αžαŸ’αž›αžΆαŸ†αž„ (An atraumatic surgical approach) 2. αž†αŸ’αž’αžΉαž„αžŠαŸ‚αž›αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœαžŠαžΆαŸ†αž”αž„αŸ’αž‚αŸ„αž›αž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœαžŽαŸ‚αž“αž αžΎαž™αž αžΆαž”αŸ‹ (The availability of dense cancellous bone) 3. αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœαžŠαžΆαŸ†αž”αž„αŸ’αž‚αŸ„αž›αž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰αž²αŸ’αž™αž˜αžΆαž“αžŸαŸ’αžαŸαžšαž—αžΆαž–αžαžΆαŸ†αž„αž–αžΈαžŠαŸ†αž”αžΌαž„ 4. αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœαžŠαžΆαŸ†αž”αž„αŸ’αž‚αŸ„αž›αž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰αž‡αžΆαž”αž“αŸ’αž‘αžΆαž“αŸ‹αž αžΎαž™αžšαž αŸαžŸ"
Οƒ½ (1) , (2) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
ΟƒΎ (1) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (2) αž“αž·αž„ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ αž…αž˜αŸ’αž›αžΎαž™αž‘αžΆαŸ†αž„αž’αžŸαŸ‹αžαžΆαž„αž›αžΎαžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
104. "αž”αŸ’αžšαžŸαž·αž“αž”αžΎαž˜αŸ’αžŸαŸ‰αŸ…αž™αž€αž–αž»αž˜αŸ’αž– polyvinyl siloxane αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœαž”αžΆαž“αž‚αŸαž”αŸ’αžšαžΎαžŠαžΎαž˜αŸ’αž”αžΈαž™αž€αž–αž»αž˜αŸ’αž–αž…αž»αž„αž€αŸ’αžšαŸ„αž™αž”αŸ†αž•αž»αžαžŸαŸ†αžšαžΆαž”αŸ‹αžŸαžΆαž„αžŸαž„αŸ‹αž–αž»αž˜αŸ’αž–αž€αŸ’αžšαžΆαžŸαŸ‹αž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰αž›αžΎ αžαžΎαžαžΆαžŸαžŸαŸ†αžšαžΆαž”αŸ‹αž™αž€αž–αž»αž˜αŸ’αž–αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœαžαŸ‚αŸ– 1. αžšαžΉαž„αž˜αž·αž“αž’αžΆαž…αž”αž‘αž”αŸ‚αž“αž”αžΆαž“ (be rigid) 2. αž˜αžΆαž“αž‚αŸ‚αž˜αž‘αž”αŸ‹αžŸαŸ†αžšαžΆαž”αŸ‹αž•αŸ’αž‘αŸƒαž‘αŸ†αž–αžΆαžš (have occlusal steps) 3. αž›αžΆαž”αžαŸ’αž“αžΆαŸ†αžŸαŸ’αž’αž·αž adhesive αž²αŸ’αž™αž”αžΆαž“αžŸαž˜αžŸαŸ’αžšαž” (be coated with appropriate adhesive) 4. αž‚αŸ’αžšαž”αžŠαžŽαŸ’αžαž”αŸ‹αž–αžΈαž›αžΎαž€αŸ’αžšαž’αžΌαž˜αžšαžΉαž„ (cover the hard palate)"
ΟƒΎ (1) , (2) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (1) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (2) αž“αž·αž„ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ αž…αž˜αŸ’αž›αžΎαž™αž‘αžΆαŸ†αž„αž’αžŸαŸ‹αžαžΆαž„αž›αžΎαžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
105. "αžαžΎαž˜αž’αŸ’αž™αŸ„αž”αžΆαž™αžŽαžΆαž˜αž½αž™αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž’αžΆαž…αž‘αž‘αž½αž›αž™αž€αž”αžΆαž“αž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„αž€αžΆαžšαž’αŸ’αžœαžΎαž²αŸ’αž™αž’αž‰αŸ’αž…αžΆαž‰αž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰αžšαž½αž‰αž…αžΌαž› αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž…αžΆαŸ†αž”αžΆαž…αŸ‹αž”αŸ†αž•αž»αž αž“αŸ…αž–αŸαž›αž”αŸ’αžšαžΎαž”αŸ’αžšαžΆαžŸαŸ‹ αž˜αŸ‰αŸ’αžŸαŸ…αž™αž€αž–αž»αž˜αŸ’αž–αž˜αžΆαž“αž—αžΆαž–αž™αžΊαžαž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„αž€αžΆαžšαž™αž€αž–αž»αž˜αŸ’αž–αž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰αž…αž»αž„αž€αŸ’αžšαŸ„αž™αž”αŸ†αž•αž»αžαžŸαŸ†αžšαžΆαž”αŸ‹αž’αŸ’αžœαžΎ Fixed prosthodontic αŸ– 1. αžœαŸ‡αž€αžΆαžαŸ‹αžŠαŸ„αž™αž’αž‚αŸ’αž‚αž·αžŸαž“αžΈ (Electrosurgery) 2. αž”αŸ’αžšαžΎαžαŸ’αžŸαŸ‚αžŸαž„αŸ’αž€αžαŸ‹αž…αžΌαž› (moist retraction cord) 3. αžŸαž„αŸ’αž€αžαŸ‹αžŠαŸ„αž™αž”αž“αŸ’αž‘αŸ‡αž‘αž„αŸ‹αžŠαŸ‚αž„αž αžΎαž™αž™αž€αžœαžΆαž…αŸαž‰αž“αŸ…αž–αŸαž›αž™αž€αž–αž»αž˜αŸ’αž–αž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰ (A copper band that is removed when the impression is made) 4. αž”αŸ’αžšαžΎαž”αŸ’αžšαžΆαžŸαŸ‹αž˜αŸ‰αŸ’αžŸαŸ…αž™αž€αž–αž»αž˜αŸ’αž–αžαŸ’αž“αžΆαžαž’αŸ’αž„αž“αŸ‹ αžŠαžΆαž€αŸ‹αž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„αžαžΆαžŸαž™αž€αž–αž»αž˜αŸ’αž–"
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106. "αž‘αŸ’αžšαž„αŸ‹αž‘αŸ’αžšαžΆαž™αž“αŸƒαž‚αŸ‚αž˜αž•αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€ Distal αž“αž·αž„ buccal αžšαž”αžŸαŸ‹αž€αŸ’αžšαžΆαžŸαŸ‹αž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰αžŸαŸ’αž“αž·αžαž›αžΎ αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœαž€αŸ†αžŽαžαŸ‹ αžαžΆαž˜αŸ– 1. αžŸαžΆαž…αŸ‹αžŠαž»αŸ† buccinators 2. Tendon αžšαž”αžŸαŸ‹αžŸαžΆαž…αŸ‹αžŠαž»αŸ† temporal 3. αžŸαžΆαž…αŸ‹αžŠαž»αŸ† masseter 4. αž‚αŸ‚αž˜αž”αž‰αŸ’αž†αž·αžαž•αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€αžαžΆαž„αž€αŸ’αžšαŸ…"
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107. "αžαžΎαž˜αžΌαž›αž αŸαžαž»αžŽαžΆαž˜αž½αž™ αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž”αžŽαŸ’αžαžΆαž›αž²αŸ’αž™αž˜αžΆαž“αž”αž‰αŸ’αž αžΆαž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„αž€αžΆαžšαž”αž‰αŸ’αž…αŸαž‰αžŸαŸ†αž‘αŸαž„αžšαž”αžŸαŸ‹αž’αŸ’αž“αž€αž‡αŸ†αž„αžΊ αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž”αžΆαž€αŸ‹αž€αŸ’αžšαžΆαžŸαŸ‹αž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰αžŸαŸ’αž“αž·αŸ– 1. αž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰αž•αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€αžαžΆαž„αž€αŸ’αžšαŸ„αž™ αžŠαžΆαž€αŸ‹αž›αž™αž‘αŸ…αž•αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€ Buccle 2. αž—αžΆαž‚αž…αŸ’αžšαžΎαž“αž›αžΎαžŸαž›αž™ αž›αž™αž‘αŸ…αž•αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€αžαŸ†αž”αž“αŸ‹ palated 3. αž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰αž•αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€αžαžΆαž„αž˜αž»αž αžœαŸ‚αž„αžαž»αžŸαž’αž˜αŸ’αž˜αžαžΆ 4. αž˜αžΆαž“αž€αžΆαžšαžŸαŸ’αžšαž€αž…αž»αŸ‡αž†αŸ’αž’αžΉαž„αž€αŸ’αžšαž’αžΌαž˜αž˜αžΆαžαŸ‹αž’αŸ’αž„αž“αŸ‹αž’αŸ’αž„αžšαž”αŸ†αž•αž»αž"
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108. "αž”αžŽαŸ’αžαžΌαž›αž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰αž˜αž“αž»αžŸαŸ’αžŸαž”αž„αŸ’αž αžΆαž‰αž’αŸ†αž–αžΈαž‘αŸ†αž“αžΆαž€αŸ‹αž‘αŸ†αž“αž„αž‘αŸ…αž“αžΉαž„αž€αžΆαžšαž€αžΎαž“αž‘αžΎαž„αž“αŸƒαŸ– 1. αž…αŸ†αž“αž½αž“ fibrous elements 2. αž…αŸ†αž“αž½αž“αž€αŸ„αžŸαž·αž€αžΆ (Cell number) 3. αž—αžΆαž–αžšαžΉαž„ αž“αž·αž„αžšαž½αž˜αžαŸ’αž”αŸ€αž (calcification) 4. αž€αžΆαžšαžšαžΈαž€αž˜αžΆαžŒαžšαž”αžŸαŸ‹αžŸαžŸαŸƒ (vascularity)"
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109. "αžšαž™αŸˆαž–αŸαž›αžαŸ’αž›αžΈαž”αž“αŸ’αž‘αžΆαž”αŸ‹αž–αžΈαž”αžΆαž“αž…αžΆαž€αŸ‹ block αž‘αŸ…αž›αžΎαž”αžŽαŸ’αžαž»αŸ†αžŸαžŸαŸƒαž”αŸ’αžšαžŸαžΆαž‘αž•αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€αžαžΆαž„αž€αŸ’αžšαŸ„αž™ (inferior alveolar nerve block) αž˜αž€αž˜αž“αž»αžŸαŸ’αžŸαž…αžΆαžŸαŸ‹αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž˜αžΆαž“αžŸαž»αžαž—αžΆαž–αž›αŸ’αž’ αž”αŸ’αžšαŸ‚αž”αŸ’αžšαž½αž›αž™αŸ‰αžΆαž„αž›αžΏαž“αž›αžΎαžŸαŸ’αžαžΆαž“αž—αžΆαž–αž˜αž»αžαžšαž”αžŸαŸ‹αž‚αžΆαžαŸ‹αž‘αžΎαž„αž‚αž‚αŸ’αžšαžΎαž˜αžŠαžΆαžŸαŸ‹αž•αŸ’αž‘αŸƒαž˜αž»αžαŸ” αžαžΎαžŸαž‰αŸ’αž‰αžΆαž‚αŸ’αž›αžΈαž“αž·αž€ αž“αž·αž„αžŸαž‰αŸ’αž‰αžΆαžαŸ’αž’αžΌαž‰αžαŸ’αž’αŸ‚αžšαž˜αž½αž™αžŽαžΆαžŠαŸ‚αž›αž‚αŸαž”αŸ’αžšαž‘αŸ‡αž˜αž»αž“αž–αŸαž›αž…αžΆαž”αŸ‹αž•αŸ’αžαžΎαž˜ αž‚αž˜αŸ’αžšαŸ„αž„αž–αŸ’αž™αžΆαž”αžΆαž›αž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰? 1. αž‘αžΎαž„αžŸαŸ’αž›αŸαž€αžŸαŸ’αž›αžΆαŸ†αž„ αž“αž·αž„αž”αŸ‚αž€αž‰αžΎαžŸαž™αŸ‰αžΆαž„αž…αŸ’αžšαžΎαž“ 2. αžŸαž„αŸ’αžœαžΆαž€αŸ‹αžŠαž„αŸ’αž αžΎαž˜αžαŸ’αž›αžΈαŸ— 3. αž€αžΆαžšαžŠαž€αžŠαž„αŸ’αž αžΎαž˜αž…αŸαž‰αž…αžΌαž› αžαž™αž…αž»αŸ‡αž–αžΈαž’αž˜αŸ’αž˜αžαžΆ 4. αž€αžΆαžšαž αžΎαž˜ αž“αŸ…αž›αžΎαž”αž”αžΌαžšαž˜αžΆαžαŸ‹"
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110. "αž“αŸ…αž›αžΎαž€αŸ’αžšαžΆαžŸαŸ‹αž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰αžαŸ’αž‚αžΆαž˜αž›αžΎ αžαžΎαž€αžΆαžšαž”αž„αŸ’αž€αžšαŸ„αž‚αž…αžΆαž”αŸ‹αž•αŸ’αžαžΎαž˜αž…αŸαž‰αž–αžΈαž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰αž˜αž½αž™αžŽαžΆ αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž‚αŸαž’αžΆαž…αž…αŸ„αŸ‡αž”αž„αŸ’αž αžΌαžšαž–αžΈ palatal plate αžšαž”αžŸαŸ‹αž†αŸ’αž’αžΉαž„αž αžΎαž™αž”αž‰αŸ’αž…αŸαž‰αžŠαž»αŸ†αžαŸ’αž‘αž»αŸ‡αž•αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€ palatal αž˜αž€αž€αŸ’αžšαŸ…? 1. Lateral incisors 2. First premolars 3. First molars 4. Third molars 5. Third molars"
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112. 112 "αžαŸ’αž“αžΆαŸ†αž•αŸ’αžŸαŸ‡ (antibiotics) αžˆαŸ’αž˜αŸ„αŸ‡ CephalosporinαŸ– 1. αž’αžΆαž…αž”αž‰αŸ’αžˆαž”αŸ‹αž”αŸ’αžšαžαž·αž€αž˜αŸ’αž˜αžαŸ’αžšαž‘αž”αŸ‹αž‡αžΆαž˜αž½αž™αžαŸ’αž“αžΆαŸ†αž•αŸ’αžŸαŸ‡ Penicillin 2. αž˜αžΆαž“αž”αŸ’αžšαžŸαž·αž‘αŸ’αž’αž—αžΆαž–αžŸαŸ†αž›αžΆαž”αŸ‹αž”αžΆαž€αŸ‹αžαŸαžšαžΈαžαž·αž…αž‡αžΆαž„αžαŸ’αž“αžΆαŸ† Penicillin 3. αž˜αžΆαž“αž™αž“αŸ’αžαž€αžΆαžš αž“αž·αž„αžŸαž€αž˜αŸ’αž˜αž—αžΆαž– αž”αŸ’αžšαž αžΆαž€αŸ‹αž”αŸ’αžšαž αŸ‚αž›αž‚αŸ’αž“αžΆαž“αžΉαž„αžαŸ’αž“αžΆαŸ† Penicillin 4. αž’αžΆαž…αž”αžŽαŸ’αžαžΆαž›αž²αŸ’αž™αžšαž›αžΆαž€αžαŸ’αž›αžΎαž˜"
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Οƒ½ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ αž…αž˜αŸ’αž›αžΎαž™αž‘αžΆαŸ†αž„αž’αžŸαŸ‹αžαžΆαž„αž›αžΎαžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
113. "αžαŸ’αžŸαŸ‚αžšαŸ†αž‰αŸαžšαžšαž”αžŸαŸ‹αž€αŸ’αžšαž’αžΌαž˜αŸ– 1. αžαŸ‚αž„αžŸαŸ’αžαž·αžαž“αŸ…αž€αŸ’αžšαž’αžΌαž˜αžαŸ†αž”αž“αŸ‹αžšαžΉαž„ 2. αž“αŸ…αžαŸ†αž”αž“αŸ‹αžŠαŸ‚αž›αžŸαŸ†αž‚αžΆαž›αŸ‹αž…αž›αž“αžΆαžšαž”αžŸαŸ‹αž€αŸ’αžšαž’αžΌαž˜αž‘αž“αŸ‹ 3. αž„αžΆαž™αžšαž€αžœαžΆαžƒαžΎαž‰αž“αŸ…αž›αžΎαž˜αŸ‰αžΌαžŠαŸ‚αž›αž…αžΆαž€αŸ‹αž–αž»αž˜αŸ’αž–αž αžΎαž™ 4. αž‡αžΆαžαŸ†αž”αž“αŸ‹αž…αŸ†αž“αžΆαŸ†αžŠαŸαž˜αžΆαž“αž”αŸ’αžšαž™αŸ„αž‡αž“αŸαžŸαŸ†αžšαžΆαž”αŸ‹αž€αžΆαžšαž’αŸ’αžœαžΎαž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰αžŸαŸ’αž‘αž·αžαž–αžΆαž€αŸ‹"
Οƒ½ (1) , (2) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (1) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
ΟƒΎ (2) αž“αž·αž„ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ αž…αž˜αŸ’αž›αžΎαž™αž‘αžΆαŸ†αž„αž’αžŸαŸ‹αžαžΆαž„αž›αžΎαžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
114. "αžαžΎαž€αžαŸ’αžαžΆαžαžΆαž„αž€αŸ’αžšαŸ„αž˜αžŽαžΆαžαŸ’αž›αŸ‡αžŠαŸ‚αž›αžŸαŸ†αžαžΆαž“αŸ‹αž…αŸ†αž–αŸ„αŸ‡αž€αžΆαžšαž”αŸ‰αŸ‡ Amalgam αž“αŸ…αž–αŸαž›αž”αŸ’αžšαžΎ Sperical alloy ឬ alloy αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž‚αŸαž›αžΆαž™αž”αž“αŸ’αžαŸ‚αž˜? 1. αž…αž»αž„ Condenser αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž’αŸ† 2. αž”αŸ’αžšαžΎαžˆαžΎαžŸαŸ’αž‘αŸ€αž 3. αž”αŸ’αžšαžΎ Matrix band αžŸαŸ’αžαžΎαž„ 4. αž”αŸ’αžšαžΎαž…αž»αž„ Condenser αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž˜αž»αžαž˜αžΆαž“αž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰"
Οƒ½ (1) , (2) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (1) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (2) αž“αž·αž„ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
ΟƒΎ αž…αž˜αŸ’αž›αžΎαž™αž‘αžΆαŸ†αž„αž’αžŸαŸ‹αžαžΆαž„αž›αžΎαžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
115. "αžŠαŸ†αž”αŸ…αž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„αž˜αžΆαžαŸ‹αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž€αŸ’αžšαž‡αžΆαž”αžŽαŸ’αžαžΆαž›αž˜αž€αž–αžΈαŸ– 1. αž‡αŸ†αž„αžΊαžšαž”αŸαž„ 2. αž‡αŸ†αž„αžΊαžŸαŸ’αžœαžΆαž™ 3. αž˜αžΆαž“ neoplasia 4. αž‡αŸ†αž„αžΊαž‘αžΉαž€αž“αŸ„αž˜αž•αŸ’αž’αŸ‚αž˜"
Οƒ½ (1) , (2) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (1) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (2) αž“αž·αž„ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
ΟƒΎ αž…αž˜αŸ’αž›αžΎαž™αž‘αžΆαŸ†αž„αž’αžŸαŸ‹αžαžΆαž„αž›αžΎαžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
116. αžšαžΌαž” Radiohicency αžŠαŸαž’αŸ† 1 αž“αŸ…αž–αŸαž‘αŸ’αž’αž‡αž»αŸ†αžœαž·αž‰αž€αŸ’αž”αžΆαž›αž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰αžαŸ’αž‚αžΆαž˜αž‘αžΆαž›αŸ‹αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž€αž”αŸ‹ αž‚αžΊαž‡αžΆ αŸ–
Ameloblastoma
Οƒ½ Odontogenic Keratocyst
Οƒ½ Eruption cyst
ΟƒΎ Dentigerous cyst
Οƒ½ Calcifying odontogenic cyst
117. αž€αžΆαžšαž–αŸ’αž™αžΆαž”αžΆαž›αžŠαŸ‚αž›αžŸαž˜αžšαž˜αŸ’αž™αž”αŸ†αž•αž»αžαžŸαŸ†αžšαžΆαž”αŸ‹ incisor αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž„αžΆαž”αŸ‹αž αžΎαž™αž˜αžΆαž“ Radicular cyst αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž˜αžΆαž“αž‘αŸ†αž αŸ† 0,5 cm αŸ–
Antibiotics
Οƒ½ αžŠαž€αž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰
Αž–αŸ’αž™αžΆαž”αžΆαž›
Οƒ½ αž€αžΆαžαŸ‹αž…αž»αž„αž«αžŸαž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰
Οƒ½ Excisional biopsy
118. αž”αžΎαž˜αž“αž»αžŸαŸ’αžŸαž–αŸαž‰αžœαŸαž™αž€αžΎαžαž‡αŸ†αž„αžΊ Hypothyroidism αžœαžΆαž’αžΆαž…αž‘αžΆαž€αŸ‹αž‘αž„αž“αžΉαž„αŸ–
Οƒ½ αž‡αŸ†αž„αžΈαž›αŸ€αžαž—αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€
Οƒ½ αžŸαŸ’αžšαž€αž‘αŸ†αž„αž“αŸ‹
ΟƒΎ αž αžΎαž˜αžαŸ’αž›αž½αž“αž”αŸ’αžšαžΆαžŽ
Οƒ½ αž”αŸαŸ‡αžŠαžΌαž„αžšαž›αžΆαž€αž‰αŸ’αž‰αžΆαž”αŸ‹
Οƒ½ αž”αž‰αŸ’αž αžΆαž•αŸ’αž›αžΌαžœαž…αž·αžαŸ’αž
119. αž‡αžΆαž‘αžΌαž‘αŸ… Pigmentad macule αž˜αžΆαž“αž‘αŸ†αž αŸ† 4mm αž‚αž½αžšαž–αŸ’αž™αžΆαž”αžΆαž›αžŠαŸ„αž™ αŸ–
Οƒ½ Incisional biopsy
ΟƒΎ Excisional biopsy
Οƒ½ Exfoliative cytology
Οƒ½ D. Carbon dioxide laser
Οƒ½ E. Exectro cautery
120. Exfoliative cytology αž’αžΆαž…αž˜αžΆαž“αž”αŸ’αžšαž™αŸ„αž‡αž“αŸαž€αž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„αž€αžΆαžšαžŸαŸ’αžœαŸ‚αž„αžšαž€αž‡αŸ†αž„αžΊαž€αŸ„αžŸαž·αž€αžΆαžŠαŸ‚αž›αž”αžŽαŸ’αžαžΆαž›αž˜αž€αž–αžΈαžœαžΈαžšαž»αžŸαž‘αžΆαŸ†αž„ αž’αžŸαŸ‹αž›αžΎαž€αž›αŸ‚αž„αžαŸ‚ αŸ–
Οƒ½ αž‡αŸ†αž„αžΊαžšαžΎαž”
Οƒ½ αž–αž„αž”αŸ‚αž€αž›αžΎαž”αž”αž½αžšαž˜αžΆαžαŸ‹
Οƒ½ αž‡αŸ†αž„αžΊαž’αž»αžαž€αŸ’αžαžΆαž˜
ΟƒΎ Hairy leukoplakia
Οƒ½ Aurt herpetic gingivostomatitis
121. "αž€αžΆαžšαž’αŸ’αžœαžΎαžšαŸ„αž‚αžœαž·αž“αž·αž…αŸ’αž‡αž·αŸαž™ αž‡αŸ†αž„αžΊαžšαž›αžΆαž€αž‡αžΆαž›αž·αž€αžΆαž‡αŸ†αžœαž·αŸ†αž‰αž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰ αž‚αžΊαžŠαŸ„αž™αžŸαžΆαžšαž˜αžΆαž“αŸ– 1. αžˆαžΆαž˜αž–αŸαž›αž”αŸ’αžšαžΎ Probe 2. αž”αžΆαžαŸ‹αž”αž„αŸ‹ Periodontal attachement 3. αž˜αžΆαž“ Periodontal pocket 4. αž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰αžšαž„αŸ’αž‚αžΎ"
Οƒ½ (1) , (2) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (1) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
ΟƒΎ (2) αž“αž·αž„ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ αž…αž˜αŸ’αž›αžΎαž™αž‘αžΆαŸ†αž„αž’αžŸαŸ‹αžαžΆαž„αž›αžΎαžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
122. "αžœαž·αž’αžΈαž›αŸ’αž’αž”αŸ†αž•αž»αžαž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„αž€αžΆαžšαž’αŸ’αžœαžΎαžšαŸ„αž‚αžœαž·αž“αž·αž…αŸ’αž‡αŸαž™ Cystic tumour αž‚αžΊαŸˆ"
Οƒ½ αž–αž·αž“αž·αžαŸ’αž™αž‘αžΉαž€αžšαž”αžŸαŸ‹ Cyst αžŠαŸ„αž™ Microscope
ΟƒΎ αž™αž€αž‡αžΆαž›αž·αž€αžΆαž‘αŸ…αž–αžΈαž“αž·αžαŸ’αž™
Οƒ½ αž’αŸ’αžœαžΎ Cytologic smear
Οƒ½ αž”αžŽαŸ’αžαž»αŸ‡
Οƒ½ αž…αž˜αŸ’αž›αžΎαž™αž‘αžΆαŸ†αž„αž’αžŸαŸ‹αžαžΆαž„αž›αžΎαžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
123. "αž€αžΆαžšαž†αžΆαž”αž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰αž˜αž»αžαžŸαŸ†αžšαžΆαž”αŸ‹αž’αŸ’αžœαžΎαž”αŸ‰αžŸαžΊαž‘αŸ‚αž“αž‚αž½αžšαžαŸ‚αž•αŸ’αžαž›αŸ‹αž“αžΌαžœαŸˆ 1. αž”αŸ’αžšαžœαŸ‚αž„αž‚αŸ’αžšαž”αŸ‹αž‚αŸ’αžšαžΆαž“αŸ‹αžŸαŸ†αžšαžΆαž”αŸ‹αž€αžΆαžšαž‡αžΆαž”αŸ‹αž›αŸ’αž’ 2. αž…αž“αŸ’αž›αŸ„αŸ‡αžŸαŸ†αžšαžΆαž”αŸ‹αž€αŸ†αžšαžΆαž›αŸ‹αž›αŸ„αž αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž“αž·αž„αž’αž“αŸ‹ αž“αž·αž„αž€αžΆαžšαž”αŸ’αžšαŸ‚αžšαžΌαž”αžšαžΆαž„ 3. αž…αž“αŸ’αž›αŸ„αŸ‡αžŸαŸ†αžšαžΆαž”αŸ‹αž€αŸ†αžšαžΆαžŸαŸ‹αž”αŸ‰αžšαžŸαžΊαž‘αŸ‚αž“αžŸαŸ†αžšαžΆαž”αŸ‹αžŸαŸ„αž—αŸαžŽαŸ’αžŒαž—αžΆαž– 4. αž’αŸ’αžœαžΎαž‘αž·αžŸαžŠαŸ…αž…αž„αŸ’αž’αžΌαžšαžαŸ‚ 1αžŸαŸ†αžšαžΆαž”αŸ‹αž€αžΆαžšαžŸαŸŠαž€αž…αžΌαž›"
Οƒ½ (1) , (2) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (1) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (2) αž“αž·αž„ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
ΟƒΎ αž…αž˜αŸ’αž›αžΎαž™αž‘αžΆαŸ†αž„αž’αžŸαŸ‹αžαžΆαž„αž›αžΎαžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
124. "αž‚αŸαž”αŸ’αžšαžΎ Epinephrine αž‘αŸ…αž›αžΎαž’αŸ’αž“αž€αž‡αŸ†αž„αžΊ Acute anaphylactic reaction (αž”αŸ’αžšαžαž·αž€αž˜αŸ’αž˜ allergy αž”αŸ’αžšαž—αŸαž‘1) αž–αŸ’αžšαŸ„αŸ‡αžœαžΆαž’αžΆαž…αŸˆ 1. αž€αžΆαžαŸ‹αž”αž“αŸ’αžαž™αž…αž„αŸ’αžœαžΆαž€αŸ‹αž”αŸαŸ‡αžŠαžΌαž„αž›αŸ„αž 2. αžŸαŸ†αžšαžΆαž€ αžŸαžΆαž…αžŠαž»αŸ†αžŸαŸ’αž›αž 3. αž€αžΆαžαŸ‹αž”αž“αŸ’αžαž™ αžŸαŸ†αž–αžΆαž’αžˆαžΆαž˜ Systolic 4. αž’αŸ’αžœαžΎαž’αŸ„αž™αžŸαžšαžŸαŸƒαžˆαžΆαž˜αžšαž½αž˜αžαžΌαž…"
Οƒ½ (1) , (2) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (1) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
ΟƒΎ (2) αž“αž·αž„ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ αž…αž˜αŸ’αž›αžΎαž™αž‘αžΆαŸ†αž„αž’αžŸαŸ‹αžαžΆαž„αž›αžΎαžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
125. "Amphetamines αž’αŸ’αžœαžΎαž’αŸ„αž™αŸ– 1. αž”αž„αŸ’αž€αžΎαž“αž—αžΆαž–αžœαžΆαž„αžœαŸƒ αž“αž·αž„αž€αžΆαžαŸ‹αž”αž“αŸ’αžαž™αž€αžΆαžšαž’αžŸαŸ‹αž€αŸ†αž›αžΆαŸ†αž„ 2. αžαŸ’αž“αžΆαŸ†αžšαŸ†αž‰αŸαž…αž”αŸ’αžšαž–αŸαž“αŸ’αž’αž”αŸ’αžšαžŸαžΆαž‘ 3. αž‚αŸ’αž˜αžΆαž“αž”αŸ’αžšαžŸαž·αž‘αŸ’αž’αž·αž—αžΆαž–αž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„αžŸαž€αž˜αŸ’αž˜αž—αžΆαž–αž”αž‰αŸ’αž‡αžΆαžšαž•αŸ’αž›αžΌαžœαž…αž·αžαŸ’αž 4. αž˜αžΆαž“αž”αŸ’αžšαž™αŸ„αž‡αž“αŸαž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„αž€αžΆαžšαž‚αŸ’αžšαž”αŸ‹αž‚αŸ’αžšαž„αž‡αŸ†αž„αžΊαž‚αžΆαŸ†αž„αž”αŸαŸ‡αžŠαžΌαž„"
Οƒ½ (1) , (2) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
ΟƒΎ (1) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (2) αž“αž·αž„ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ αž…αž˜αŸ’αž›αžΎαž™αž‘αžΆαŸ†αž„αž’αžŸαŸ‹αžαžΆαž„αž›αžΎαžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
126. "αžŸαž˜αžΆαžŸαž—αžΆαž–αž“αŸƒαž–αž½αž€ Glutaraldehyde αžšαž½αž˜αž”αž‰αŸ’αž…αžΌαž›αž‘αžΆαŸ†αž„αŸ– 1. αž’αŸ’αžœαžΎαž’αŸ„αž™αž˜αžΆαž“αž€αžΆαžšαž†αžΆαž”αŸ‹αž€αžΎαžαž“αžΌαžœαž˜αž»αžαžαŸ†αž“αž—αŸ’αž‡αžΆαž”αŸ‹αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž’αžΆαž…αž€αŸ†αžŽαžαŸ‹αž…αŸ†αž“αž½αž“ αž€αžΆαžšαž‡αŸ’αžšαžΆαž”αž…αžΌαž›αž“αŸƒαž‡αžΆαž›αž·αž€αžΆαž”αž“αŸ’αžαžΌαž›αž·αž€αžΆαž”αž“αŸ’αžαžΌαž›αž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰ ្. αž˜αžΆαž“αž•αž›αž”αŸ‰αŸ‡αž–αžΆαž›αŸ‹αžαž·αž…αžŠαž›αŸ‹αž‡αžΆαž›αž·αž€αžΆαžšαž”αžŽαŸ’αžαž½αž›αž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰ ៣. αž—αŸ’αž“αžΆαž€αŸ‹αž„αžΆαžšαž”αŸ†αž”αžΆαžαŸ‹αžšαŸ„αž‚αžŠαŸαž›αŸ’αž’αž”αŸ†αž•αž»αžαž…αŸ†αž–αŸ„αž”αžΆαž€αŸ‹αžαŸαžšαžΈαž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„αž˜αžΆαžαŸ‹ 4. αž˜αžΆαž“αž”αŸ’αžšαžŸαž·αž‘αŸ’αž’αž·αž—αžΆαž–αžαž·αž…αžαž½αž…αž‘αž”αŸ‹αž‘αž›αŸ‹αžœαžΈαžšαž»αžŸ αž“αž·αž„αžŸαŸ’αž–αžšαžšαž”αžŸαŸ‹αžœαžΆ"
ΟƒΎ (1) , (2) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (1) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (2) αž“αž·αž„ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ αž…αž˜αŸ’αž›αžΎαž™αž‘αžΆαŸ†αž„αž’αžŸαŸ‹αžαžΆαž„αž›αžΎαžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
127. "αž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„αž…αŸ†αž“αŸ„αž˜αž›αž€αŸ’αžαŸαžαžŽαŸ’αžŒαžαžΆαž„αž€αŸ’αžšαŸ„αž˜ αžαžΎαž˜αž½αž™αžŽαžΆαžŠαŸ‚αž›αž‘αžΆαž€αŸ‹αž‘αž„αž“αž·αž„αž‡αŸ†αž„αžΊαž’αŸαžŠαžŸαŸ? 1. Acute marginal periodontitis 2. Hairy leukoplakia 3. Candidiasis 4. Geographic tongue"
ΟƒΎ (1) , (2) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (1) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (2) αž“αž·αž„ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ αž…αž˜αŸ’αž›αžΎαž™αž‘αžΆαŸ†αž„αž’αžŸαŸ‹αžαžΆαž„αž›αžΎαžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
128. "αž”αž“αŸ’αž‘αžΆαž”αŸ‹αž–αžΈ Pulpotomy αž‘αŸ…αž›αžΎαž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰αžŸαŸ’αžšαž»αž€ Central incisor αž›αžΎαž€αŸ’αž˜αŸαž„αž’αžΆαž™αž» 8αž†αŸ’αž“αžΆαŸ† αž›αž‘αŸ’αž’αž•αž›αžŠαŸαž‡αŸ„αž‚αž‡αŸαž™αž”αŸ† αž•αž»αžαžŠαŸ‚αž›αž‘αž‘αž½αž›αž”αžΆαž“αž‚αžΊαŸˆ 1. αžšαžΉαžŸαžœαž·αžœαžαŸ’αžαž“αŸαž”αžΆαž“αž–αŸαž‰αž›αŸαž‰ 2. αž€αžΆαžšαžŸαŸ’αžšαž€αž“αŸ…αž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„αž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰ 3. αžœαžαŸ’αžαž˜αžΆαž“αž“αŸƒαž€αžΆαžšαž”αž„αŸ’αž€αžΎαžαžŸαŸ’αž–αžΆαž“αž“αŸƒαž—αŸ’αž›αž»αž€αž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰ 4. αž€αžΆαžšαž€αž€αžΎαžαž“αŸƒ Pulp stones "
Οƒ½ (1) , (2) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
ΟƒΎ (1) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (2) αž“αž·αž„ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ αž…αž˜αŸ’αž›αžΎαž™αž‘αžΆαŸ†αž„αž’αžŸαŸ‹αžαžΆαž„αž›αžΎαžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
129. "αž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„αžŸαŸ†αž—αžΆαžšαŸˆ X-ray Kilovoltage αž‚αŸ’αžšαž”αŸ‹αž‚αŸ’αžšαž„αŸ–1. Contrast 2. αž›αŸ’αž”αžΏαž“αž“αŸƒαž’αŸαž‘αž·αž…αžαŸ’αžšαž»αž„ 3. αž€αžΆαžšαž‡αŸ’αžšαžΆαž”αž…αžΌαž›αž“αŸƒαž€αžΆαŸ†αžšαžŸαŸ’αž˜αžΈ 4. αž…αŸ†αž“αž½αž“αž“αŸƒαž€αžΆαŸ†αžšαžŸαŸ’αž˜αžΈαžŠαŸ‚αž›αž”αž„αŸ’αž€αžΎαžαž”αžΆαž“"
ΟƒΎ (1) , (2) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (1) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (2) αž“αž·αž„ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ αž…αž˜αŸ’αž›αžΎαž™αž‘αžΆαŸ†αž„αž’αžŸαŸ‹αžαžΆαž„αž›αžΎαžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
130. "αž€αžΆαžšαžŠαž€αžŠαž„αŸ’αž αžΎαž˜αž’αŸ†αž€αŸ’αž›αž·αž“ Acetone αž’αžΆαž…αž…αž„αŸ’αž’αž»αž›αž”αž„αŸ’αž αžΆαž‰αž–αžΈαŸˆ 1. αž‘αž„αžŸαž½αžαžšαžΈαž€αž’αŸ† 2. αžšαž›αžΆαž€αž…αŸ’αžšαž˜αž»αŸ‡ 3. αž–αž»αž›αž‡αžΆαžαž· Salicylate 4. αž‘αžΉαž€αž“αŸ„αž˜αž•αŸ’αž’αŸ‚αž˜"
Οƒ½ (1) , (2) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (1) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (2) αž“αž·αž„ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
ΟƒΎ αž…αž˜αŸ’αž›αžΎαž™αž‘αžΆαŸ†αž„αž’αžŸαŸ‹αžαžΆαž„αž›αžΎαžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
131. "αžαžΎαž€αžαŸ’αžαžΆαžαžΆαž„αž€αŸ’αžšαŸ„αž˜αžŽαžΆαžαŸ’αž›αŸ‡ αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž‡αŸ‡αž₯αž‘αŸ’αž’αž·αž–αž›αžŠαž›αŸ‹αž€αžΆαžšαžœαžΆαžŸαŸ‹αž‡αŸ†αžšαŸ… Periodontal pocket αŸ– 1. αž€αŸ†αž›αžΆαŸ†αž„αžœαžΆαžŸαŸ‹ 2. αž‘αŸ†αž αŸ†αž…αž»αž„ Probe 3. αž˜αž»αŸ†αž“αŸƒ Probe 4. Subgingival calculus"
Οƒ½ (1) , (2) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (1) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (2) αž“αž·αž„ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
ΟƒΎ αž…αž˜αŸ’αž›αžΎαž™αž‘αžΆαŸ†αž„αž’αžŸαŸ‹αžαžΆαž„αž›αžΎαžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
132. "αž—αŸ’αž“αžΆαž€αŸ‹αž„αžΆαžšαžšαŸ†αž‰αŸ„αž…αž€αŸαž…αŸ†αž”αž„αžŸαŸ†αžšαžΆαž”αŸ‹αž€αžΆαžšαž›αžΌαžαž›αžΆαžŸαŸ‹αž“αŸƒ Mandible αž‚αžΊαŸˆ 1. Genetic 2. Epigenetic 3. αž˜αž»αžαž„αžΆαžš 4. αž”αžšαž·αžŸαŸ’αžαžΆαž“αž‡αž»αŸ†αžœαž·αž‰"
Οƒ½ (1) , (2) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
ΟƒΎ (1) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (2) αž“αž·αž„ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ αž…αž˜αŸ’αž›αžΎαž™αž‘αžΆαŸ†αž„αž’αžŸαŸ‹αžαžΆαž„αž›αžΎαžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
133. "αž‚αŸ„αž›αž”αŸ†αžŽαž„αžŸαŸ†αžαžΆαž“αŸ‹αž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„αž€αžΆαžšαžαŸ†αžšαžΉαž˜αž”αžΆαžαžαžΆαž„ Distal αž“αŸƒ removeable cast frame work partial denture αž‚αžΊαžŠαžΎαž˜αŸ’αž”αžΈαž”αž„αŸ’αž€αžΎαž“αž“αžΌαžœαŸˆ 1. αž€αžΆαžšαž‡αžΆαž”αŸ‹αž“αŸƒ Frame work 2. αž•αŸ’αž‘αŸƒαž‘αŸ†αž–αžΆαžš 3. αž˜αž»αžαž„αžΆαžš 4. αž€αžΆαžšαž‡αžΆαž”αŸ‹αž“αŸƒαž‡αžΆαž›αž·αž€αžΆ"
Οƒ½ (1) , (2) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (1) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (2) αž“αž·αž„ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
ΟƒΎ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ αž…αž˜αŸ’αž›αžΎαž™αž‘αžΆαŸ†αž„αž’αžŸαŸ‹αžαžΆαž„αž›αžΎαžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
134. "Chelating agents αž˜αžΆαž“αž”αŸ’αžšαž™αŸ„αž‡αž“αŸαž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„αž€αžΆαžšαž–αŸ’αž™αžΆαž”αžΆαž›αž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž˜αžΆαž“αŸˆ"
Οƒ½ αžšαžΉαžŸαž€αŸ„αž„
ΟƒΎ Sclerotic canal
Οƒ½ Periapical abcess
Οƒ½ αž’αŸ’αž›αžΆαž™αž…αž»αž„αžšαžΉαžŸ
Οƒ½ αž…αž»αž„αžšαžΉαžŸαž…αŸ†αž αžš
135. "αž€αžΆαžšαžαžΌαž…αžαžΆαžαž“αŸƒ Intestinal flora αžŠαŸ„αž™αž€αžΆαžšαž–αŸ’αž™αžΆαž”αžΆαž›αžŠαŸ„αž™αž‡αžΆαžαž·αž‚αžΈαž˜αžΈαž’αžΆαž…αž”αŸ‰αŸ‡αž–αžΆαž›αŸ‹αžŠαž›αŸ‹αž€αžΆαžšαžŸαŸ’αžšαžΌαž”αž‡αžΆαžαž·αžαŸ’αž“αžΆαŸ† Contraceptive steroid αŸ” αžœαžΆαž’αŸ’αžœαžΎαž’αŸ„αž™αžšαžΆαŸ†αž„αžŸαŸ’αž‘αŸ‡αžŠαž›αŸ‹αž…αžšαž“αŸ’αžαžαŸ’αž“αžΆαŸ†αž†αŸ’αž›αž„αž€αžΆαžαŸ‹αž€αŸ’αžšαž–αŸ‡αžαŸ’αž›αžΎαž˜αŸ” αžαžΎαžαŸ’αž‘αžΆαŸ†αžαžΆαž„αž€αŸ’αžšαŸ„αž˜αž˜αž½αž™αžŽαžΆαžŠαŸ‚αž›αž’αžΆαž…αž˜αžΆαž“αž›αž€αŸ’αžαžŽαŸˆαž”αŸ‚αž”αž“αŸαŸ‡: 1. Codeine 2. Penicillin V 3. Acetaminophen 4. Tetracycline"
Οƒ½ (1) , (2) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (1) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
ΟƒΎ (2) αž“αž·αž„ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ αž…αž˜αŸ’αž›αžΎαž™αž‘αžΆαŸ†αž„αž’αžŸαŸ‹αžαžΆαž„αž›αžΎαžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
136. "αž…αŸ†αž–αŸ„αŸ‡αž’αŸ’αž“αž€αž‡αŸ†αž„αžΊαž‘αžΉαž€αž“αŸ„αž˜αž•αŸ’αž’αŸ‚αž˜αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž–αžΉαž„αž›αžΎαž‡αžΆαžαž· Insulin αž€αž„αŸ’αžœαŸ‡αž‡αžΆαžαž·αžŸαŸ’αž€αžš αž‚αžΊαž€αŸ†αž“αžαŸ‹αžŸαŸ†αž‚αžΆαž›αŸ‹αžŠαŸ„αž™αŸˆ 1. αžœαž„αŸ’αžœαŸαž„αžœαž„αŸ’αžœαžΆαž“αŸ‹ 2. αž”αŸαŸ‡αžŠαžΌαž„αžŠαžΎαžšαž›αžΏαž“ 3. αž”αŸ‚αž€αž‰αžΎαžŸ 4. αž€αžΆαžšαž—αžΎαžš"
Οƒ½ (1) , (2) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (1) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (2) αž“αž·αž„ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
ΟƒΎ αž…αž˜αŸ’αž›αžΎαž™αž‘αžΆαŸ†αž„αž’αžŸαŸ‹αžαžΆαž„αž›αžΎαžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
137. "αžαžΎαžαŸ’αž“αžΆαŸ†αžŸαŸ’αž–αžΉαž€αžŽαžΆαž˜αž½αž™αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž’αŸ’αžœαžΎαž”αŸαžαžΆαž”αžΌαž›αžΈαžŸαžŠαŸ„αž™ Plasma chorlinesterase ? 1. Prilocaine ( Citanest (C)) 2. Lidocaine ( Xylocaine (C)) 3. Mepivacaine ( Carbocaine (C)) 4. Procaine ( Novocaine (C))"
Οƒ½ (1) , (2) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (1) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (2) αž“αž·αž„ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
ΟƒΎ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ αž…αž˜αŸ’αž›αžΎαž™αž‘αžΆαŸ†αž„αž’αžŸαŸ‹αžαžΆαž„αž›αžΎαžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
138. "αžαžΎαž‡αŸ†αž„αžΊαžŽαžΆαž˜αž½αž™αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž”αž„αŸ’αž αžΆαž‰αž›αž€αŸ’αžαžŽαŸˆαžŠαŸ„αž™αž€αžΆαžšαžαž™αž…αž»αŸ‡αžŸαž€αž˜αŸ’αž˜αž—αžΆαž–αžαž½αžšαž†αŸ’αž’αžΉαž„?"
Thalassemia
Οƒ½ αž€αžΎαž“αž‘αžΎαž„αž˜αž·αž“αž”αŸ’αžšαž€αŸ’αžšαžαžΈαž€αŸ„αžŸαž·αž€αžΆαžˆαžΆαž˜αž€αŸ’αžšαž αž˜
ΟƒΎ Aplastic anemia
Οƒ½ Pernicious anemia
Οƒ½ Sickle cell anemia
139. "αž€αžΆαžšαžŸαŸ’αžšαž€αžšαžΉαžŸαž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰αžŸαŸ’αžšαž»αž€ αž’αžΆαž…αž‘αžΆαž€αŸ‹αž‘αž„αž‘αŸ…αž“αžΉαž„αŸ– 1. αž€αžΆαžšαž–αžαŸ‹αž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž”αŸ’αžšαžΎαž€αŸ†αž›αžΆαŸ†αž„αžαŸ’αž›αžΆαŸ†αž„αž–αŸαž€ 2. Periapical granuloma 3. αžšαž”αž½αžŸ រឺ αž‚αŸ’αžšαŸ„αŸ‡αžαŸ’αž“αžΆαž€αŸ‹αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž’αŸ’αžœαžΎαž’αŸ„αž™αžαŸ’αž‘αžΆαŸ† 4. Cementoma"
ΟƒΎ (1) , (2) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (1) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (2) αž“αž·αž„ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ αž…αž˜αŸ’αž›αžΎαž™αž‘αžΆαŸ†αž„αž’αžŸαŸ‹αžαžΆαž„αž›αžΎαžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
140. "αž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„αž“αžΆαž˜αž‡αžΆαž–αŸαž‘αŸ’αž™αž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰αŸ‘αžšαžΌαž”αž“αŸƒαž”αŸ’αžšαž‘αŸαžŸαž€αž˜αŸ’αž–αž»αž‡αžΆ αžαžΆαž˜αž›αž€αŸ’αžαžŽαŸˆαž€αŸ’αžšαž˜αžŸαžΈαž›αž’αž˜αŸŒ αž€αžΆαžšαž”αžŠαž·αžŸαŸαž’αž˜αž·αž“αž–αŸ’αž™αžΆαž”αžΆαž›αž’αŸ’αž“αž€αž‡αŸ†αž„αžΊ αž‚αžΊαž•αŸ’αž’αŸ‚αž€αž›αžΎαŸˆ 1. αž‡αŸ†αž“αžΏαžŸαžΆαžŸαž“αžΆ 2. αž‡αŸ†αž„αžΊαž†αŸ’αž›αž„ 3. αž–αž·αž€αžΆαžšαž—αžΆαž– 4. αž€αžΆαžšαž˜αž·αž“αžŸαŸ’αž‘αžΆαžαŸ‹αž‡αŸ†αž“αžΆαž‰αž•αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€αžœαž‡αŸ’αž‡αžΆαž‡αžΈαžœαŸˆ"
Οƒ½ (1) , (2) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (1) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (2) αž“αž·αž„ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
ΟƒΎ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ αž…αž˜αŸ’αž›αžΎαž™αž‘αžΆαŸ†αž„αž’αžŸαŸ‹αžαžΆαž„αž›αžΎαžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
141. "Eugenate αž‚αžΊαž‡αžΆαŸˆ"
Οƒ½ Phosphate cement
ΟƒΎ Phenolic cement
Οƒ½ Resin modified glass iomomer cement
Οƒ½ Polyalkenoic acid cement
Οƒ½ Adhesive resin cement
142. "αž‡αŸ†αž„αžΊαžŸαŸ’αž„αž½αžαž˜αžΆαžαŸ‹αž€αžΎαžαž˜αž€αž–αžΈαŸˆ 1. Sjogren’s syndrome 2. αž€αžΆαžšαž–αŸ’αž™αžΆαž”αžΆαž›αž˜αž αžΆαžšαžΈαž€αžŠαŸ„αž™αž€αžΆαŸ†αžšαžŸαŸ’αž˜αžΈ 3. Antidepressant drug therapy 4. Anticholinergics ( Atropine )"
Οƒ½ (1) , (2) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (1) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (2) αž“αž·αž„ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
ΟƒΎ αž…αž˜αŸ’αž›αžΎαž™αž‘αžΆαŸ†αž„αž’αžŸαŸ‹αžαžΆαž„αž›αžΎαžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
143. Buccal mucosa αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž˜αžΆαž“αžšαžΌαž”αžšαžΆαž„αž–αžŽαŸŒαžŸ αž˜αžΆαž“αžŸαŸ’αž“αžΆαž”αž‡αŸ’αžšαžΈαžœαž‡αŸ’αžšαž½αž‰αž–αž·αž”αžΆαž€αž™αž›αŸ‹αžαŸ‚αž“αžΉαž„αž”αžΆαžαŸ‹αž“αŸ…αž–αŸαž›αž‘αžΆαž‰αžœαžΆ αŸ” αž“αŸαŸ‡αž‡αžΆαžšαŸ„αž‚αžŸαž‰αŸ’αž‰αžΆαž“αŸƒαŸˆ
Leukoedema
Οƒ½ Lichen Planus
Candidiasis
Οƒ½ Linea alba
Οƒ½ White sponge nevus
144. "Mandible αž›αžΌαžαž›αžΆαžŸαŸ‹αž…αŸ’αžšαžΎαž“αž‡αžΆαž„αž‚αŸαž“αŸ…αžαŸ†αž”αž“αŸ‹αŸ–"
Οƒ½ Symphysis and condylesαž₯
Οƒ½ αž‚αŸ‚αž˜αž€αŸ’αžšαŸ„αž™αž“αŸƒ ramus αž‘αŸ’αžšαž“αž»αž„αž†αŸ’αž’αžΉαž„ Alveolar
Οƒ½ Condyles αž“αž·αž„ αž‚αŸ‚αž˜αž…αŸ†αž αŸ€αž„αžšαž”αžŸαŸ‹αžαŸ’αž›αž½αž“ mandible
ΟƒΎ Condyles αž“αž·αž„ αž‚αŸ‚αž˜αžαžΆαž„αž€αŸ’αžšαŸ„αž™ Ramus
Οƒ½ Symphysis αž“αž·αž„ αž‚αŸ‚αž˜αžαžΆαž„αž€αŸ’αžšαŸ„αž™ Ramus
145. "Retention αž“αŸƒ indirect extra coronal restoration αž’αžΆαž…αž”αž„αŸ’αž€αžΎαž“αž‘αžΎαž„αžŠαŸ„αž™αŸˆ 1. αž€αžΆαžαŸ‹αž”αž“αŸ’αžαž™αž—αžΆαž–αž”αž‰αŸ’αžˆαž·αžαž“αŸƒαž‡αž‰αŸ’αž‡αžΆαŸ†αž„ 2. Lengthening clinical crown 3. αž€αžΆαžšαž”αž“αŸ’αžαŸ‚αž˜αž…αž„αŸ’αž’αžΌαžš 4. Antirotation key "
Οƒ½ (1) , (2) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (1) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (2) αž“αž·αž„ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
ΟƒΎ αž…αž˜αŸ’αž›αžΎαž™αž‘αžΆαŸ†αž„αž’αžŸαŸ‹αžαžΆαž„αž›αžΎαžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
146. "αžαžΎαžαŸ’αž“αžΆαŸ†αžŽαžΆαžαŸ’αž›αŸ‡αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž”αž„αŸ’αž€αžΎαž“αž±αž€αžΆαžŸαž“αžΌαžœαž€αžΆαžšαž€αžΎαžαž•αŸ’αžŸαž·αžαž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„αž˜αžΆαžαŸ‹αž’αŸ’αž“αž€αž‡αŸ†αž„αžΊ?"
Οƒ½ Warfarine ( Coumadin Β)
Cyclosporine
Pentobarbital
Ibuprofen
Pilocarpine
147. "αž€αžΆαžšαž”αŸ’αžšαžΎαž˜αŸ‰αžΆαžŸαŸŠαžΈαž“ X-ray αž€αžΆαžšαž€αžΆαžšαž–αžΆαžšαž’αŸ’αž“αž€αž‡αŸ†αž„αžΊαž–αžΈαž€αžΆαŸ†αžšαžŸαŸ’αž˜αžΈ αž‚αžΊαžŸαŸ†αžαžΆαž“αŸ‹αž”αŸ†αž•αž»αžαžŸαŸ†αžšαžΆαž”αŸ‹αŸˆ"
Οƒ½ αž’αŸ’αž“αž€αž‡αŸ†αž„αžΊαž€αŸ†αž–αž»αž„αž›αŸαž”αžαŸ’αž“αžΆαŸ† Antibiotic
Οƒ½ αž’αŸ’αž“αž€αž‡αŸ†αž„αžΊαž€αŸ†αž–αž»αž„αž›αŸαž”αžαŸ’αž“αžΆαŸ† Corticosteroids
Οƒ½ αž’αŸ’αž“αž€αž˜αžΆαž“αž’αžΆαž™αž»αž›αžΎαžŸαž–αžΈ αŸ₯αŸ αž†αŸ’αž“αžΆαŸ†
ΟƒΎ αžŸαŸ’αžαŸ’αžšαžΈαž˜αžΆαž“αž•αŸ’αž‘αŸƒαž–αŸ„αŸ‡
Οƒ½ αž€αŸ’αž˜αŸαž„αž‡αŸ†αž‘αž„αŸ‹
148. "αž€αžΆαžšαžšαŸ€αž”αž…αŸ†αž”αž·αž‘ Amalgam Class I αž‚αžΊαž€αŸ†αž“αžαŸ‹αžŠαŸ„αž™αž€αžαŸ’αžαžΆαžαžΆαž„αž€αŸ’αžšαŸ„αž˜αž‘αžΆαŸ†αž„αž’αžŸαŸ‹ αž›αžΎαž€αž›αŸ‚αž„αžαŸ‚αŸ–"
Οƒ½ αž›αžΆαžαžŸαž“αŸ’αž’αžΉαž„αž›αžΎαž•αŸ’αž‘αŸƒ Enamel αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž–αž»αž€
Οƒ½ αž€αžΆαžšαžšαžΆαž›αžŠαžΆαž›αž‡αŸ†αž„αžΊαž–αž»αž€αž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰αž–αžΈαž…αŸ†αž αŸ€αž„αžαžΆαž˜αž”αžŽαŸ’αžαŸ„αž™ Dentino enamel junction
ΟƒΎ αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœαž›αžΆαžαžŸαž“αŸ’αž’αžΉαž„αžαžΆαž˜αž”αžŽαŸ’αžαŸ„αž™αž…αž„αŸ’αž’αžΌαžšαžαžΌαž…αŸ— αžŠαžΎαž˜αŸ’αž”αžΈαž‘αž‘αž½αž›αž”αžΆαž“αž‚αŸ‚αž˜ Cavity αžšαž›αŸ„αž„ αž“αž·αž„αž›αŸ’αž’
Οƒ½ αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœαž€αžΆαžšαž”αž‰αŸ’αž…αž”αŸ‹αž‚αŸ‚αž˜ Cavity αž“αŸ… casp ridge រឺ marginal ridge crest
Οƒ½ αž€αžΆαžšαžšαžΈαž€αžšαžΆαž›αžŠαžΆαžšαž‡αŸ†αž„αžΊαž–αž»αž€αž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰αž“αŸ…αž€αŸ’αžšαŸ„αž˜ enamel
149. "αžαž·αž…αž“αž·αž…αžαžΆαŸ†αž–αž»αž˜αŸ’αž–αŸ‘αž‘αŸ€αžαžŸαŸ†αžšαžΆαž”αŸ‹ Free and extension partial denture αž’αŸ’αžœαžΎαž‘αžΎαž„αž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„αž‚αŸ„αž›αžŠαŸ…αž…αŸ†αž”αž„αž“αŸ„αŸ‡ αž‚αžΊαŸˆ 1. αž™αž€αž’αŸ„αž™αž”αžΆαž“αž‡αžΆαž›αž·αž€αžΆαžšαž‘αž“αŸ‹αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž‘αŸ’αžšαž‘αŸ’αžšαž„αŸ‹ Denture 2. αž™αž€αž–αž»αž˜αŸ’αž– Retromylohyoid area 3. αž€αžΆαžšαž–αžΆαžšαž€αžΆαžšαž•αŸ’αž›αžΆαžŸαŸ‹αž‘αžΈαž“αŸƒ retromolar pad 4. αžŠαžΎαž˜αŸ’αž”αžΈαž™αž€αž–αž»αž˜αŸ’αž–αž‘αŸ†αž“αžΆαž€αŸ‹αž‘αŸ†αž“αž„αžαŸ’αž‚αžΆαž˜αž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„αž–αŸαž›αžαŸ‚αž˜αž½αž™αž‡αžΆαž˜αž½αž™αž€αžΆαžšαžαžΆαŸ†αž–αž»αž˜αŸ’αž–"
Οƒ½ (1) , (2) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (1) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (2) αž“αž·αž„ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
ΟƒΎ αž…αž˜αŸ’αž›αžΎαž™αž‘αžΆαŸ†αž„αž’αžŸαŸ‹αžαžΆαž„αž›αžΎαžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
150. αž€αžΆαžšαž”αž·αž Manillary midline diastema αž”αŸ’αžšαžœαŸ‚αž„ 2mm αžŠαŸ„αž™αž€αžΆαžšαž€αžΆαžαŸ‹αž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰αž‚αžΊαž‡αŸ„αž‚αž‡αŸαž™αž”αŸ†αž•αž»αžαž“αŸ„αŸ‡αŸ–
Οƒ½ αž˜αž»αž“ αž“αž·αž„αž€αžΆαžšαžŠαž»αŸ‡αž…αŸαž‰αž‘αžΆαŸ†αž„αžŸαŸ’αžšαž»αž„αž“αžΌαžœ maxillary central incisors
Οƒ½ αž˜αž»αž“ αž“αž·αž„αž€αžΆαžšαžŠαž»αŸ‡αž…αŸαž‰ maxillary lateral incisors
Οƒ½ αž€αŸ’αžšαŸ„αž™αž–αžΈαž€αžΆαžšαžŠαž»αŸ‡αž…αŸαž‰αž‘αžΆαŸ†αž„αžŸαŸ’αžšαž»αž„αž“αŸƒ maxillary lateral incisors
Οƒ½ αž€αŸ†αž‘αž»αž„αž–αŸαž›αžŠαž»αŸ‡αž…αŸαž‰ maxillary canines
ΟƒΎ αž€αŸ’αžšαŸ„αž™αž–αŸαž›αžŠαž»αŸ‡αž…αŸαž‰ maxillary canines
151. "αž€αžαŸ’αžαžΆαžαžΆαž„αž€αŸ’αžšαŸ„αž˜αž’αžΆαž…αž”αž„αŸ’αž€αžΎαžαž…αž“αŸ’αž›αŸ„αŸ‡αžαŸ’αž˜αŸ„αž…αž“αŸ… midline αž›αžΎαž€αž›αŸ‚αž„αžαŸ‚αŸˆ"
Οƒ½ Mesiodens
Οƒ½ αž”αžΆαžαŸ‹αž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰ Lateral incisors αž–αžΈαž€αŸ†αž“αžΎαž
Οƒ½ αž‘αŸ†αž›αžΆαž”αŸ‹αžšαž»αž‰αž’αžŽαŸ’αžαžΆαžαž›αŸαž„
Οƒ½ αž‘αŸ†αž›αžΆαž”αŸ‹αž”αŸ€αž”αž˜αŸαžŠαŸƒαž›αŸαž„
ΟƒΎ αž’αžœαžαŸ’αžαž˜αžΆαž“ Primate space
152. "αžαžΎαž”αž“αŸ’αž‘αžΆαžαŸ‹αž˜αž»αŸ†αž˜αž½αž™αžŽαžΆ αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž˜αž·αž“αž˜αžΆαž“αž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„αž€αžΆαžšαž”αž·αž‘ Amalgam Class V Preperation?"
Οƒ½ Mesioaxial
Axiopulpal
Gingivoaxial
Distoaxial
Occlusoaxial
153. "αžαžΎαžαŸ’αž“αžΆαŸ†αž–αŸ’αž™αžΆαž”αžΆαž›αžŽαžΆαžŠαŸ‚αž›αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœαžαŸ‚αž˜αž·αž“αž”αŸ’αžšαžΎαž–αŸ’αž™αžΆαž”αžΆαž› Herpes simplex?"
Οƒ½ Vitamin C
Οƒ½ Acetylsalicylic acid
Antibiotics
Corticosteroids
Οƒ½ Local anesthetics
154. "Central action αžšαž”αžŸαŸ‹ Caffeine αž‚αžΊαž…αŸ’αžšαžΎαž“αž›αžΎαŸˆ"
ΟƒΎ Cerebral cortex
Οƒ½ Corpus callosum
Hypothalamus
Οƒ½ Spinal cord
Medulla
155. "αž’αŸ’αž“αž€αž‡αŸ†αž„αžΊαž˜αŸ’αž“αžΆαž€αŸ‹αž’αŸ’αž›αžΆαž”αŸ‹αž˜αžΆαž“αž€αžΆαžšαžˆαžΊαž…αžΆαž”αŸ‹ αž“αž·αž„αž αžΎαž˜αž’αž‰αŸ’αž…αžΆαž‰αž“αŸ… segment αžαžΆαž„αž˜αž»αžαž“αŸƒ mandible αŸ” αž“αŸ…αž›αžΎ mandibular lateral incisor αž˜αžΆαž“αžŸαŸ’αž“αžΆαž˜αž”αŸ‰αŸ‡αž˜αž½αž™ αžšαžΆαž€αŸ‹ αžˆαžΊαž…αžΆαž”αŸ‹ αž“αŸ…αž–αŸαž›αž‚αŸαž‚αŸ„αŸ‡αž–αžΈαž›αžΎ αž αžΎαž™αž’αŸ„αž™αž…αŸ†αž›αžΎαž™αžœαž·αž‡αŸ’αž‡αž˜αžΆαž“αž‘αŸ…αž“αžΉαž„αž€αžΆαžšαž’αŸ’αžœαžΎ Electric pulp tester αŸ” αž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰αž˜αžΆαž“αžšαž„αŸ’αž‚αžΎαžšαžαŸ’αž›αŸ‡αŸ— αŸ” αžαžΎαžšαŸ„αž‚αžœαž·αž“αž·αž…αŸ’αž†αŸαž™αžŠαŸ‚αž›αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœαž‡αžΆαž„αž‚αŸαž“αŸ„αŸ‡αž‚αžΊαž’αŸ’αžœαžΈ?
Οƒ½ acute periradicular abscess
Οƒ½ acute serous pulpitis
ΟƒΎ lateral periodontal abscess
Οƒ½ acute suppurative pulpitis.
Οƒ½ chronic ulceraive pulpitis.
156. "αžαžΎαž‚αŸαžšαž€αžƒαžΎαž‰αž’αŸ’αžœαžΈαžŸαŸ†αžαžΆαž“αŸ‹αž‡αžΆαž„αž‚αŸαž”αŸ†αž•αž»αžαž“αŸ…αž›αžΎαž αŸ’αžœαžΈαž›αž€αžΆαŸ†αžšαžŸαŸ’αž˜αžΈαž’αž·αž€αŸ’αžŸ αž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„αž‡αž˜αŸ’αž„αžΊ hyperparathyroidism?
Οƒ½ Demineralization of teeth.
Οƒ½ Multiple odontogenic keratocysts.
Hypercementosis
Οƒ½ Rampant caries
ΟƒΎ Generalized loss of lamina dura
157. "A hemorrhagic bone cyst (traumatic cyst) αž‚αžΊαž‡αžΆ radiolucency αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž—αžΆαž‚αž…αŸ’αžšαžΎαž“αž‚αŸαž”αžΆαž“αžƒαžΎαž‰ αŸ–"
Οƒ½ in the mandibular ramus
Οƒ½ posteriorly to the maxillary molars.
ΟƒΎ from the symphysis to the ramus of the mandible
Οƒ½ in the maxillary premolar area
Οƒ½ αž‚αŸ’αž˜αžΆαž“αž…αž˜αŸ’αž›αžΎαž™αžŽαžΆαž˜αž½αž™αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
158. "αž’αŸ’αž“αž€αž‡αŸ†αž„αžΊαž’αžΆαž™αž»αŸ’αŸ’αž†αŸ’αž“αžΆαŸ†αž˜αŸ’αž“αžΆαž€αŸ‹ αž’αŸ’αž›αžΆαž”αŸ‹αž˜αžΆαž“αž€αžΆαžšαž›αŸ’αž αž·αžαž›αŸ’αž αŸƒαž’αžŸαŸ‹αž€αŸ†αž›αžΆαŸ†αž„ αž‚αŸ’αžšαž»αžŽαž€αŸ’αžŠαŸ… αžˆαžΊαž€ αž“αž·αž„ αž€αŸ’αž’αž€αžšαž™αŸˆαž–αŸαž›αŸ‘αžŸαž”αŸ’αžŠαžΆαž αŸαŸ” αž˜αžΆαž“αžŠαŸ†αž”αŸ…αž‡αžΆαž…αŸ’αžšαžΎαž“αž›αžΎαž—αŸ’αž“αžΆαžŸαž‘αž“αŸ‹αž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„αž˜αžΆαžαŸ‹ αž–αž„αž”αŸ‚αž€αž›αžΎαž”αž”αžΌαžšαž˜αžΆαžαŸ‹ αž“αž·αž„αžŠαŸ†αž”αŸ…αž˜αžΆαž“αž‚αŸ‚αž˜αžšαž„αŸ’αžœαž„αŸ‹αž˜αžΌαž›αž–αŸŒαžαž€αŸ’αžšαž αž˜αž“αŸ…αž›αžΎαžŠαŸƒαŸ” αžαžΎαžšαŸ„αž‚αžœαž·αž“αž·αž…αŸ’αž†αŸαž™αž‡αžΆαž’αŸ’αžœαžΈ? "
Gonorrhea
Οƒ½ infectious mononucleosis
Οƒ½ acute herpetic gingivostomatitis
AIDS
ΟƒΎ erythema multiforme
159. "αžαžΎαžŽαžΆαž˜αž½αž™αž“αŸƒαžαžΆαž„αž€αŸ’αžšαŸ„αž˜ αž‡αžΆαžŸαž‰αŸ’αž‰αžΆαž“αŸƒαž€αžΆαžšαž”αŸ’αžšαžΎαžαŸ’αž“αžΆαŸ†αžŸαŸ’αž–αžΉαž€αž“αŸ…αž“αžΉαž„αž€αž“αŸ’αž›αŸ‚αž„αž αž½αžŸαž€αž˜αŸ’αžšαž·αž?"
Rash
Wheezing
Fainting
Convulsion
Swelling
160. "αžαžΎαžŽαžΆαž˜αž½αž™αž“αŸƒαžαžΆαž„αž€αŸ’αžšαŸ„αž˜αž‡αžΆαžŸαž‰αŸ’αž‰αžΆαž“αŸƒ αž€αžΆαžšαž”αŸ’αžšαžΎαžαŸ’αž“αžΆαŸ† acetaminophen αž αž½αžŸαž€αž˜αŸ’αžšαž·αžαžŸαŸ’αžšαž½αž…αžŸαŸ’αžšαžΆαžœ?"
Bronchoconstricton
Οƒ½ Gastric bleeding
Hepatotoxicity
Οƒ½ Renal damage
Οƒ½ Severe hypotension
161. "The microorganisms αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž‡αžΆαž’αŸ’αž“αž€αž”αž„αŸ’αž€αžΎαžαž²αŸ’αž™αž˜αžΆαž“ dental ឬ periapical granuloma αž”αžΆαž“αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœαž‚αŸαžšαž€αžƒαžΎαž‰αž‡αžΆαž…αŸ†αž”αž„αž“αŸ…αž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„αŸˆ"
Granuloma
Root canal
Οƒ½ periapical periodontal ligament
Οƒ½ periapical alveolar bone and bone marrow
Οƒ½ periapical cementum
162. "αž”αž“αŸ’αž‘αžΆαž”αŸ‹αž–αžΈαž”αžΆαž“αž”αž‰αŸ’αž…αž”αŸ‹αž€αžΆαžšαž›αžΆαž„αžŸαŸ†αž’αžΆαžαž™αž€αž€αŸ†αž‘αŸαž…αž€αŸ†αž‘αžΈαž…αŸαž‰ αž“αŸ…αž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„αž€αžΆαžšαž–αŸ’αž™αžΆαž”αžΆαž›αžšαž“αŸ’αž’αž¬αžŸαž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰ endodontic chemomechanical debridement you can expect to have αŸ– 1. Removed all tissue from the entire root canal system. 2. Machined the canals to a microscopically smooth channel. 3. Caused some temporary inflammation 4. Sterilized the root canal 5. Left some areas of the root canal system incompletely cleaned
Οƒ½ (1) , (2) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
ΟƒΎ (1) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (2) αž“αž·αž„ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ αž…αž˜αŸ’αž›αžΎαž™αž‘αžΆαŸ†αž„αž’αžŸαŸ‹αžαžΆαž„αž›αžΎαžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
163. "αžŸαŸ†αž—αžΆαžšαŸˆαž–αŸ’αž™αžΆαž”αžΆαž›αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž„αžΆαž™αžŸαŸ’αžšαž½αž›αž”αžΆαž€αŸ‹αž“αŸ…αž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„αžšαž“αŸ’αž’αž¬αžŸαž‚αžΊαŸˆ(The instrument most easily broken in the root canal is)
Οƒ½ barbed broach
Reamer
File
Οƒ½ rat tail file
Hedstrom file
164. "αž”αž“αŸ’αž‘αžΆαž”αŸ‹αž–αžΈαžœαŸ‡αž€αžΆαžαŸ‹αž™αž€αž…αž»αž„αž¬αžŸαž’αŸαŸ’αž˜αž‰αž…αŸαž‰ αžαžΎαžŽαžΆαž˜αž½αž™αž“αŸƒαžαžΆαž„αž€αŸ’αžšαŸ„αž˜αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž‚αž½αžšαžαŸ‚αžŠαžΆαž€αŸ‹αž”αž‰αŸ’αž…αžΌαž›αž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„αž€αŸ†αž αžΌαž„αž“αŸƒαž†αŸ’αž’αžΉαž„αž˜αž»αž“αž“αžΉαž„αžŠαŸαžš flap αž•αŸ’αž‡αž·αž?
Corticosteroids
Οƒ½ Antibiotic powder.
Οƒ½ Oxidized cellulose
Οƒ½ Bone wax
Nothig
165. "αžαžΎαžšαž…αž“αžΆαžŸαž˜αŸ’αž–αŸαž“αžŽαžΆαž˜αž½αž™αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž‘αž‘αž½αž›αžαž»αžŸαžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœαžŸαŸ†αžšαžΆαž”αŸ‹αž€αžΆαžšαžšαžΈαž€αž›αžΌαžαž›αžΆαžŸαŸ‹αž“αŸƒαž«αžŸαž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰? (Which structure is responsible for root development ?)
Dental papilla
Οƒ½ Hertwig's epithelial sheath
Οƒ½ Enamel organ
Οƒ½ Cellular cementum
Οƒ½ Undifferentiated mesenchymal cells.
166. "αž€αžΆαžšαžœαŸ‡αž€αžΆαžαŸ‹αž™αž€αž…αž»αž„αž¬αžŸαž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰αž…αŸαž‰ αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœαž”αžΆαž“αž αžΆαž˜αžƒαžΆαžαŸ‹αž“αŸ…αž–αŸαž›αžŠαŸ‚αž›αŸˆ(Apicoectomy is contraindicated when)
ΟƒΎ periodontal disease inadequate bony support
Οƒ½ There is a granuloma at the apex of the tooth
Οƒ½ more than one tooth is involved
Οƒ½ the cortical plate is more than 4mn thick
Οƒ½ the partient is diabetic
167. "αž–αž·αž“αž·αžαŸ’αž™αžαžΆαž˜αž αŸ’αžœαžΈαž›αž€αžΆαŸ†αžšαžŸαŸ’αž˜αžΈαž’αž·αž€αŸ’αžŸ αž”αž„αŸ’αž αžΆαž‰αž²αŸ’αž™αžŠαžΉαž„αž“αžΌαžœαž—αžŸαŸ’αžŠαž»αžαžΆαž„αžŠαŸ†αž”αžΌαž„αž“αŸƒαž€αžΆαžšαžŸαŸ’αžšαž€αž”αžŽαŸ’αžŠαžΌαž›αž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰ (αž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰αž–αŸŒαžŽαž•αŸ’αž€αžΆαžˆαžΌαž€)αŸ” "
Οƒ½ apical surgical intervention
ΟƒΎ immediate pulp extirpation(pulpectomy)
Οƒ½ immediate pulpotomy
Οƒ½ observation and re-evaluation in 3-6 months
Οƒ½ calcium hydroxide puplotomy
168. "αž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰αžαŸ’αž‚αžΆαž˜αž’αŸ†αž’αž…αž·αž“αŸ’αžšαŸ’αžŠαŸƒαž™αŸαž‘αžΈαŸ‘αžšαž”αžŸαŸ‹αž’αŸ’αž“αž€αž‡αŸ†αž„αžΊαž’αžΆαž™αž»αŸ§αž†αŸ’αž“αžΆαŸ†αž”αžΆαž“αžŠαž»αŸ‡αž…αŸαž‰αžƒαžΎαž‰αž…αŸ’αž”αžΆαžŸαŸ‹αž…αž„αŸ’αž’αžΌαžšαž“αŸ…αž˜αž»αžαž‘αŸ†αž–αžΆαžšαž˜αžΆαž“αžŸαž—αžΆαž–αž‡αŸ’αžšαŸ…αŸ—αž αžΎαž™αž˜αžΆαž“αžŸαŸ’αž“αžΆαž˜αž”αŸ’αžšαž‘αžΆαž€αŸ‹(stain)αŸ” Bitewing radiographs αž”αž„αŸ’αž αžΆαž‰ dentino-enamel junction αž˜αžΆαž“αžŸαž—αžΆαž–αž’αž˜αŸ’αž˜αžαžΆαŸ” αž€αžΆαžšαž–αŸ’αž™αžΆαž”αžΆαž›αž‡αžΆαž‡αŸ†αžšαžΎαžŸαž“αŸ„αŸ‡αž‚αžΊαŸˆ
Οƒ½ conservative amalgam restorations
Οƒ½ glass ionomer restorations
ΟƒΎ application of fissure sealants
Οƒ½ topical fluoride application
Οƒ½ no recommended treatment
169. "αžαžΎαžŽαžΆαž˜αž½αž™αž“αŸƒαž€αžΆαžšαž”αž‰αŸ’αž…αžΌαž›αž‚αŸ’αž“αžΆαžαžΆαž„αž€αŸ’αžšαŸ„αž˜αž“αŸƒ milliamperage αž“αž·αž„ kilovoltage αž“αžΉαž„αž•αŸ’αžŠαž›αŸ‹αž²αŸ’αž™ X-radiation αž…αžΌαž›αž‘αŸ… αž€αŸ†αžšαžΉαžαž’αžαž·αž”αžšαž·αž˜αžΆ?
Οƒ½ 10kVp-65ma
Οƒ½ 85kVp- 5ma
ΟƒΎ 90kVp- 10ma
Οƒ½ 65kVp -15ma
Οƒ½ 75kVp-40ma
170. "ឝើ x-rays αžŽαžΆαŸ‘αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž…αŸ’αžšαžΎαž“αž›αŸ’αž˜αž˜αž“αžΉαž„αžŸαŸ’αžšαžΌαž”αž…αžΌαž›αžŠαŸ„αž™αžŸαžΆαžšαžŸαŸ’αž”αŸ‚αž€ αž“αž·αž„αž”αžŽαŸ’αžŠαžΆαž›αž²αŸ’αž™αžšαž„αžšαž”αž½αžŸαž“αŸ„αŸ‡αž‚αžΊαž‡αžΆαŸˆ
Οƒ½ central rays.
Οƒ½ deep penetrating rays
Οƒ½ aluminum filtered rays
ΟƒΎ rays of long wave-length
Οƒ½ rays of short wave-length
171. "αžšαž”αžΆαŸ†αž„αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž’αŸ’αžœαžΎαž²αŸ’αž™αž˜αžΆαž“αž”αŸ’αžšαž–αž›αž›αž€αŸ’αžαžŽαŸ‡ αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœαž”αžΆαž“αž‚αŸαž”αŸ’αžšαžΎαž“αŸ…αž–αŸαž›αžŠαŸ‚αž›αžαžαž αŸ’αžœαžΈαž›αž˜αŸ extra-oral radiographic αžŠαžΎαž˜αŸ’αž”αžΈαŸˆ
Οƒ½ improve detail
Οƒ½ decrease exposure time
Οƒ½ decrease scatter radiation
Οƒ½ increase the quantity of X-rays necessary to produce a certain photographic effect on silve
None of the above
172. "Periapical osteofibrosis (cementoma) αž…αŸ’αžšαžΎαž“αž€αžΎαžαž“αŸ…αŸˆ
Οƒ½ maxillary anterior region
ΟƒΎ mandibular anterior region
Οƒ½ mandibular premolar region
Οƒ½ maxillary posterior region
Οƒ½ αž…αž˜αŸ’αž›αžΎαž™αž‘αžΆαŸ†αž„αž’αžŸαŸ‹αžαžΆαž„αž›αžΎαžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
173. "αž†αŸ’αž’αžΉαž„ cortical αžŸαŸ’αžŠαžΎαž„αŸ— αž”αžΆαž“αž€αžΆαžαŸ‹αž”αž“αŸ’αžαž™ cancellous trabeculation αž–αž„αŸ’αžšαžΈαž€ medullary cavity αž“αž·αž„αž€αžΆαžαŸ‹αž”αž“αŸ’αžαž™αž—αžΆαž–αž αžΆαž”αŸ‹αžŽαŸ‚αž“αž“αŸƒαž†αŸ’αž’αžΉαž„ αž‚αžΊαž‡αžΆαž›αž€αŸ’αžαžŽαŸˆ radiographic αž“αŸƒαŸˆ
Οƒ½ osteomalacia
Osteopetrosis
Οƒ½ primary occlusal traumatism
Osteoradionecrosis
Osteoporosis
174. "αž€αžΆαžšαž€αž“αŸ’αžšαŸ’αžŠαžΆαž€αŸ‹αž“αŸƒαžŸαžΆαž…αŸ‹αžŠαž»αŸ† external (lateral) pterygoid αž”αžΆαž“αž‘αžΆαž‰ disc αž“αŸƒαžŸαž“αŸ’αž›αžΆαž€αŸ‹ temporomandibular αŸ–
Οƒ½ forward and medially
Οƒ½ backward and medially
ΟƒΎ forward and laterally
Οƒ½ backward and laterally
Οƒ½ αž‚αŸ’αž˜αžΆαž“αž…αž˜αŸ’αž›αžΎαž™αžŽαžΆαž˜αž½αž™αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
175. "αž“αŸ…αž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„αž›αž€αŸ’αžαŸαžŽαžŽαžΆαžŠαŸ‚αž›αž”αž„αŸ’αž€αžΎαžαž²αŸ’αž™αž˜αžΆαž“αžšαžΌαž”αž—αžΆαž– radiopaque?
Osteomalacia
Οƒ½ Multiple myeloma.
Osteopetrosis
Οƒ½ Letterer-Siwe disease
Οƒ½ Central giant cell reparative granuloma
176. "Radiolucent lesions αž“αŸƒαž†αŸ’αž’αžΉαž„αžαŸ’αž‚αžΆαž˜αž›αžΎαž¬αž€αŸ’αžšαŸ„αž˜αž’αžΆαž…αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœαž‚αŸαž˜αžΎαž›αžƒαžΎαž‰αž“αŸ…αž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„αŸˆ 1. hyperparathyroidism 2. Multiple myeloma 3. Fibrous dysplasia 4. hyperthyroidism"
ΟƒΎ (1) , (2) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (1) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (2) αž“αž·αž„ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ αž…αž˜αŸ’αž›αžΎαž™αž‘αžΆαŸ†αž„αž’αžŸαŸ‹αžαžΆαž„αž›αžΎαžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
177. "αž€αžΆαžšαžˆαžΊαž…αžΆαž”αŸ‹ Lancinating paroxysmal αž“αŸ…αž•αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€αžαžΆαž„αž€αŸ’αžšαŸ„αž™αž“αŸƒαž„αžŽαŸ’αžŠαžΆαž tonsil nasopharynx αž“αž·αž„ pharynx αž‚αžΊαž—αžΆαž‚αž…αŸ’αžšαžΎαž“αž‡αžΆαžšαŸ„αž‚αžœαž·αž“αž·αž…αŸ’αž†αŸαž™αž“αŸƒαŸˆ
Οƒ½ Meniere's disease
Οƒ½ trigeminal neuralgia
Οƒ½ sphenopalatine neuralgia
Glossopharyngeal neuralgia
Οƒ½ psychotic glosso pyrosis
178. "Diabetes mellitus αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž˜αž·αž“αž”αžΆαž“αž–αŸ’αž™αžΆαž”αžΆαž› αž”αž„αŸ’αž αžΆαž‰αž›αž€αŸ’αžαžŽαŸ‡αž‡αžΆαŸˆ
Hypoglycemia
Hyperglycemia
Hypophagia
Hyperlipidemia
Dysuria
179. "αžαžΎαžŽαžΆαž˜αž½αž™αž“αŸƒαžŸαŸ’αžαžΆαž“αž—αžΆαž–αžαžΆαž„αž€αŸ’αžšαŸ„αž˜ αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž—αžΆαž‚αž…αŸ’αžšαžΎαž“αž“αžΆαŸ†αž‘αŸ…αžšαž€ thrombosis?
ΟƒΎ Stasis of blood
Οƒ½ presence of bacteria in blood
Οƒ½ Deficiency of circulationg platelets
Οƒ½ Increase concentration of plasma
Οƒ½ Lowered oxygenation of hemogobin
180. "αž€αžΆαžšαžαž™αž…αž»αŸ‡αž“αžΌαžœαž…αŸ†αž“αž½αž“ neutrophil αž‚αžΊαž€αžΎαžαž˜αžΆαž“αž“αŸ…αž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„αŸˆ
ΟƒΎ granulocytopenia (agranulocytosis)
Οƒ½ iron deficiency anemia
Οƒ½ myeloid leukemia
Leukocytosis
Οƒ½ thrombocytopenic purura
181. "αž‡αŸ†αž„αžΊαž˜αž αžΆαžšαžΈαž€ αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž€αžΎαžαž˜αžΆαž“αž—αžΆαž‚αž…αŸ’αžšαžΎαž“αž“αŸ…αž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„αž˜αžΆαžαŸ‹αž‚αžΊαŸˆ "
Οƒ½ basal cell carcinoma
Οƒ½ trasitional cell carcinoma
Melanoma
ΟƒΎ squamous cell carcinoma
Οƒ½ pleomorphic adenoma
182. "αžŠαž»αŸ†αž‚αŸ’αžšαž½αžŸαžŠαŸ‚αž›αž€αžΎαžαž˜αžΆαž“αž“αŸ…αž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„αž€αŸ’αžšαž–αŸαž‰ ឬ αž”αž„αŸ’αž αž½αžšαž‘αžΉαž€αž˜αžΆαžαŸ‹ αž‚αŸαž αŸ…αžαžΆαŸˆ
Sialolith
Renolith
Calcolith
Phlebolith
Οƒ½ αž‚αŸ’αž˜αžΆαž“αž…αž˜αŸ’αž›αžΎαž™αžŽαžΆαž˜αž½αž™αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
183. "αž€αžΆαžšαžαž™αž…αž»αŸ‡αžαž»αžŸαž’αž˜αŸ’αž˜αžαžΆαž“αŸƒαžšαŸ†αž αžΌαžšαž‘αžΉαž€αž˜αžΆαžαŸ‹ αž‚αžΊαž‡αžΆαž€αžΆαžšαžšαž½αž˜αž”αž‰αŸ’αž…αžΌαž›αž‡αžΆαž˜αž½αž™αž“αŸƒαŸˆ
Ptyalism
Sialomentaplasia
Xerostomia
Pyroglossia
Οƒ½ αž‚αŸ’αž˜αžΆαž“αž…αž˜αŸ’αž›αžΎαž™αžŽαžΆαž˜αž½αž™αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
184. "αž’αŸ’αž“αž€αž‡αŸ†αž„αžΊαž–αžΆαž€αŸ‹αž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰αžŸαŸ’αž“αž·αžαžŠαžΆαž€αŸ‹αžŠαŸ„αŸ‡αž›αžΎαž€αŸ’αžšαŸ„αž˜αž˜αŸ’αž“αžΆαž€αŸ‹ αžαŸ’αž’αžΌαž‰αžαŸ’αž’αŸ‚ αžαžΆαž˜αžΆαž“αž…αžΆαž€αŸ‹αž†αŸ€αž”αŸ— αž“αž·αž„ αžŸαŸ’αž–αžΉαž€αž“αŸ…αž”αž”αžΌαžšαž˜αžΆαžαŸ‹αž€αŸ’αžšαŸ„αž˜αž‘αžΆαŸ†αž„αžŸαž„αŸ’αžαžΆαž„αŸ” αž“αŸαŸ‡αž‡αžΆαž‰αžΉαž€αž‰αž™αž”αž„αŸ’αž αžΆαž‰αž²αŸ’αž™αžŠαžΉαž„αžαžΆαŸˆ
Οƒ½ allergy to denture base material
Οƒ½ impingement of denture on mandibular nerve
Οƒ½ defective occlusal contacts
ΟƒΎ impingement of denture upon mental nerve
Οƒ½ neoplastic invasion of the inferior mandibular nerve
185. "αž€αžΆαžšαžŠαž»αŸ‡αž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰αž˜αŸ’αžαžΆαž„ (Unilateral) αž˜αž»αž“αž’αžΆαž™αž»αž€αžΆαž›αž€αŸ†αžŽαžαŸ‹αž“αŸƒαžŠαŸ†αžŽαž»αŸ‡αž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰αž’αž˜αŸ’αž˜αžαžΆ αž‚αžΊαž‡αžΆαž›αž€αŸ’αžαžŽαŸ‡αž“αŸƒαŸˆ
Acromegaly
Hemihypertrophy
Hemiatrophy
Οƒ½ cleidocranial dysosrosis
Οƒ½ adrenogenital syndrome
186. "αž•αž›αžœαž·αž”αžΆαž€αž’αŸ’αž„αž“αŸ‹αž’αŸ’αž„αžšαž”αŸ†αž•αž»αžαž“αŸƒαž€αŸ†αžšαžΉαžαž–αŸ’αž™αžΆαž”αžΆαž›αžŠαŸ„αž™αžœαž‘αŸ’αž™αž»αžŸαž€αž˜αŸ’αž˜ (radiation) αž‘αŸ…αž›αžΎ mandible αž“αŸ„αŸ‡αž‚αžΊαŸˆ
Οƒ½ skin erythema
Osteoradioncrosis
Οƒ½ obliterating endarteritis
Οƒ½ loss of hair
Οƒ½ hyperpigmentation of skin
187. "αž‚αŸ’αž˜αžΆαž“αžšαŸ„αž‚αžŸαž‰αŸ’αž‰αžΆ (Asymptomatic) αž‘αžΆαŸ†αž„αžŸαž„αŸ’αžαžΆαž„ (bilateral) αžšαžΆαž„αžŠαžΌαž…αžŸαŸ†αžŽαžΆαž‰αŸ‹(reticular) αž€αžΆαžšαžŸαžΆαž™αž—αžΆαž™ (radiating), grayish-white linear lesions αž“αŸƒ buccal mucosa αž—αžΆαž‚αž…αŸ’αžšαžΎαž“αž‡αžΆαžŸαž‰αŸ’αž‰αžΆαž“αŸƒαŸˆ
ΟƒΎ lichen planus
Οƒ½ white sponge naevus
Pemphigus
Οƒ½ discoid lupus erythematosus
Οƒ½ erythema multiforme.
188. "αžŠαŸ„αž™αž–αŸαž› mucous glands αžαŸ’αž™αžΌαžœαž”αžΆαž“αžšαž€αžƒαžΎαž‰αž“αŸ…αž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„ epithelial lining αž“αŸƒ a dental cystαŸ” αžαžΎαž–αžΆαž€αŸ’αž™αžŽαžΆαž˜αž½αž™αž“αŸƒαžαžΆαž„αž€αŸ’αžšαŸ„αž˜ αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž€αŸ†αžŽαžαŸ‹αž“αžΌαžœαž€αžΆαžšαž”αž‰αŸ’αž‡αžΆαž€αŸ‹αž“αŸαŸ‡?
Οƒ½ Anaplasia
Metaplasia
Dysplasia
Neoplasia
Hyperplasia
189. "Oral peripheral giant cell lesions αž“αŸƒ periofontium αž‚αžΊαžαŸ‚αž„αžαŸ‚αž…αžΆαžαŸ‹αž‘αž»αž€αž‡αžΆαŸˆ
ΟƒΎ non-neoplastic granulomatous lesions
Οƒ½ precursors of sarcoma
Οƒ½ malignant neoplasms
Οƒ½ benign neoplasms
Tuberculomas
190. "αžαžΎαžŽαžΆαž˜αž½αž™αž“αŸƒαžŸαŸ’αžαžΆαž“αž—αžΆαž–αžαžΆαž„αž€αŸ’αžšαŸ„αž˜ αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž‡αžΆαž§αž‘αžΆαž αžšαžŽαŸαž“αŸƒ a mucous retention phenomenon?
Οƒ½ Nicotine stomatitis
Koplik's spots
Ranula
Οƒ½ Residual cyst
Οƒ½ Nasopalatine cyst
191. "Lesions αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž˜αžΆαž“αž“αŸ…αž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„αž—αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€ αž‚αžΊαž‘αžΆαž€αŸ‹αž‘αž„αž‘αŸ…αž“αžΉαž„αŸˆ
Οƒ½ lichen planus
Herpangina
Οƒ½ necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis
Leukoplakia
ΟƒΎ cicatricial pemphigoid
192. "A filter αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœαžŸαŸŠαž€αž”αž‰αŸ’αž…αžΌαž›αž‘αŸ…αž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„αž•αŸ’αž›αžΌαžœαž“αŸƒ x-ray beam αžŠαžΎαž˜αŸ’αž”αžΈαŸˆ
Οƒ½ limit the area of surface exposure
Οƒ½ absorb backscatter radiation
ΟƒΎ absorb long wave length radiation in the primary beam
Οƒ½ make it possible to use higher kilovoltage for improving image quality
Οƒ½ absorb stray radiation
193. "αž“αŸ…αž–αŸαž›αžαž radiographic film αž…αŸ†αž“αž½αž“αž“αŸƒαž€αž˜αŸ’αž˜αžšαžŸαŸ’αž˜αžΈαžŠαŸ‚αž›αž”αžΆαž“αž‘αž‘αž½αž›αžŠαŸ„αž™αž’αŸ’αž“αž€αž‡αŸ†αž„αžΊ αž”αžΆαž“αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœαž€αžΆαžαŸ‹αž”αž“αŸ’αžαž™αž™αŸ‰αžΆαž„αž”αŸ’αžšαžŸαžΎαžšαž”αŸ†αž•αž»αžαžŠαŸ„αž™αŸˆ
Collimation
Οƒ½ decrease object-film distance
Οƒ½ low kVp correlated with high milliamperage
Οƒ½ decreased target-object distance
Οƒ½ slow speed film
194. "αž“αŸ…αž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„αž›αž€αŸ’αžαŸαžŽαžŽαžΆαžαžΆαž„αž€αŸ’αžšαŸ„αž˜αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž”αž„αŸ’αž€αžΎαžαž²αŸ’αž™αž˜αžΆαž“αžšαžΌαž”αž—αžΆαž– radiopaque?
Sialolithiasis
Osteosclerosis
ΟƒΎ Inernal resorption
Οƒ½ αž‚αŸ’αž˜αžΆαž“αž…αž˜αŸ’αž›αžΎαž™αžŽαžΆαž˜αž½αž™αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
E
195. "αž€αžΆαžšαž–αŸ’αž™αžΆαž”αžΆαž›αžŠαŸ„αž™αž€αžΆαŸ†αžšαžŸαŸ’αž˜αžΈαž‘αŸ…αž›αžΎ mandible αž€αžΆαžšαžŠαž€αž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰ extraction of teeth is most likely to result inαŸ–
Fracture
Actinomycosis
Osteomyelitis
Οƒ½ soft tissue necrosis
Οƒ½ development of malignancy
196. "αž—αžΆαž–αž›αŸ†αž”αžΆαž€αž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„αž€αžΆαžšαž”αžΎαž€αž˜αžΆαžαŸ‹ αž›αŸ†αž”αžΆαž€αž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„αž€αžΆαžšαž›αŸαž”αž…αŸ†αžŽαžΈαž’αžΆαž αžΆαžš αžαžΉαž„ αž¬αžšαžΉαž„αž’αžŽαŸ’αžŠαžΆαž αžŸαŸ’αž”αŸ‚αž€αžšαžΉαž„αž€αŸ’αžšαž·αž“ (generalized induration of the skin) αž‚αžΊαž‡αžΆαž—αž·αž“αž—αžΆαž‚αž›αž€αŸ’αžαžŽαŸ‡αž“αŸƒαŸˆ
Οƒ½ lupus erythematosus
Scleroderma
Οƒ½ erythema multiforme
Οƒ½ lichen planus
Οƒ½ malignant disease
197. "Digitalis αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœαž”αžΆαž“αžŠαžΆαž€αŸ‹αž”αž‰αŸ’αž‰αžαŸ’αžŠαž·αž²αŸ’αž™αž”αŸ’αžšαžΎαžŸαŸ†αžšαžΆαž”αŸ‹αž–αŸ’αž™αžΆαž”αžΆαž›αŸˆ
Οƒ½ nephritis
Οƒ½ angina pectoris
Οƒ½ coronary occlusion
ΟƒΎ congestive heart failure
Οƒ½ αž‚αŸ’αž˜αžΆαž“αž…αž˜αŸ’αž›αžΎαž™αžŽαžΆαž˜αž½αž™αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
198. "αžαŸ†αž”αž“αŸ‹αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž˜αžΆαž“ radiolucency αž–αž‘αŸαŸ’αž’αž‡αž»αŸ†αžœαž·αž‰ (A circumscribed radiolucent area)αž“αŸƒαž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰ mandibular incisor αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž“αŸ…αžšαžŸαŸ‹ αž‚αžΊαž”αŸ’αžšαžΆαž”αŸ‹αž²αŸ’αž™αžŠαžΉαž„αžαžΆαž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰αž“αŸ„αŸ‡αž˜αžΆαž“αŸˆ
Οƒ½ periapical abscess
ΟƒΎ periapical cemental dysplasia
Οƒ½ granuloma
Οƒ½ radicular cyst
Οƒ½ follicular cyst
199. "αž“αŸ…αž›αžΎαž αŸ’αžœαžΈαž› bitewing αž“αŸƒαž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰αžαžΆαž„αž€αŸ’αžšαŸ„αž™ αžαžΎαžŽαžΆαž˜αž½αž™αž“αŸƒαžαžΆαž„αž€αŸ’αžšαŸ„αž˜ αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž—αžΆαž‚αž…αŸ’αžšαžΎαž“ αž‚αŸαž’αŸ’αžœαžΎαžšαŸ„αž‚αžœαž·αž“αž·αž…αŸαŸ’αž†αž™αž…αŸ’αžšαž‘αŸ†αž‘αŸ…αž“αžΉαž„ proximal caries?
ΟƒΎ Cemento-enamel junction
Οƒ½ Marginal ridge
Οƒ½ Carabelli cusp
Calculus
Cemental
200. "Basal cell carcinoma αŸ–
Οƒ½ metastasizes to the submental lymph nodes
Οƒ½ metastasizes to the submaxillary lymph nodes
Οƒ½ metastasizes to the cervical lymph nodes
Οƒ½ metastasizes to the pre-auricular lymph nodes
ΟƒΎ does not normally metastasizes
201. "αž‡αžΆαž›αž·αž€αžΆαžŽαžΆ αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž˜αž·αž“αž’αžΆαž…αž”αž„αŸ’αž αžΆαž‰αž²αŸ’αž™αžƒαžΎαž‰αž“αŸ…αž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„ dental radiographs?
Dentin
Enamel
Cementum
Pulp
Οƒ½ periodontal ligament
202. "αž”αŸ’αžšαžŸαž·αž“αž”αžΎαžšαžΌαž”αž—αžΆαž–αž“αŸƒαž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰αž›αžΎαžŸαž”αž„αŸ’αž αžΆαž‰αž“αŸ…αž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„αž αŸ’αžœαžΈαž›αž‘αžΈαŸ’ αž”αžΆαž“αž•αŸ’αž›αžΆαžŸαŸ‹αž‘αžΈ distally αž–αžΈαž‘αžΈαžαžΆαŸ†αž„αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž”αžΆαž“αž”αž„αŸ’αž αžΆαž‰αž“αŸ…αž αŸ’αžœαžΈαž›αžŠαžΎαž˜(αž‘αžΈαŸ‘) αž“αŸαŸ‡αž”αž‰αŸ’αž‡αžΆαž€αŸ‹αžαžΆαž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰αž›αžΎαžŸ(supernumerary tooth) αž“αŸαŸ‡αžŸαŸ’αžαž·αžαž“αŸ…αŸˆ
Οƒ½ buccal to the premolars
ΟƒΎ lingual to the premolars
Οƒ½ on the same plane as the premolars
Οƒ½ mesial to the premolars
Οƒ½ distal to the premolars
203. "The lamina dura αž‚αžΉαž‡αžΆαŸˆ
Οƒ½ cortical bone
Οƒ½ spongy bone
Οƒ½ immature bone
ΟƒΎ a cribiform plate perforated by nutrient canals
Οƒ½ αž‚αŸ’αž˜αžΆαž“αž…αž˜αŸ’αž›αžΎαž™αžŽαžΆαž˜αž½αž™αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
204. "αž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„αžŠαŸ†αžŽαžΆαž€αŸ‹αž€αžΆαž›αžŠαŸ†αž”αžΌαž„ a periradicular abscess αž’αžΆαž…αž’αŸ’αžœαžΎαž²αŸ’αž™αžαž»αžŸαž”αŸ’αž›αŸ‚αž€αž‚αŸ’αž“αžΆαž–αžΈ a lareral periodontal abscess αžŠαŸ„αž™αžŸαžΆαžš αŸ–
Pain
Οƒ½ type of exudate
Οƒ½ tenderness to percussion
ΟƒΎ response of pulp to electrical stimulation
Οƒ½ radiographic examination
205. "Median anterior maxillary cysts αž€αžΎαžαž‘αžΎαž„αž“αŸ…αž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„αŸˆ
Οƒ½ nasal bone
ΟƒΎ incisive canal and in the palatine process
Οƒ½ zygomatic process
Οƒ½ hamular process
Οƒ½ αž‚αŸ’αž˜αžΆαž“αž…αž˜αŸ’αž›αžΎαž™αžŽαžΆαž˜αž½αž™αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
206. "αž’αŸ’αž“αž€αž‡αŸ†αž„αžΊαžŠαŸ‚αž›αž˜αžΆαž“ myxedema (hypothyroidism) αž‚αžΊαž”αž„αŸ’αž αžΆαž‰αž›αž€αŸ’αžαžŽαŸ‡αž‡αžΆαŸˆ
Exophthalmos
Οƒ½ satin skin and fine hair
Οƒ½ enlargement of the thyroid gland
ΟƒΎ being dull, slow moving , expressionless
Οƒ½ gross coarse features and an alert look
207. "αž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„αž€αžšαžŽαžΈαž™αŸαž“αŸƒαž€αžΆαžšαž”αž„αŸ’αž€αž˜αŸαžšαŸ„αž‚αžαŸ’αž›αžΆαŸ†αž„αž€αŸ’αž›αžΆ, αž€αžΆαžšαž–αž·αž“αž·αžαŸ’αž™αžˆαžΆαž˜ (laboratory tests) αž“αžΉαž„αž”αž„αŸ’αž αžΆαž‰αž“αžΌαžœαž€αžΆαžšαž€αžΎαž“αž‘αžΎαž„αž“αŸƒαŸˆ
ΟƒΎ polyorphonuclear leukocytes
Οƒ½ plasma cells
Lymphocytes
Monocytes
Eosinophils
208. "αž’αž‰αŸ’αž…αžΆαž‰αžšαžΈαž€αž”αŸ‰αŸ„αž„αž’αŸ† αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž€αžΎαžαž˜αžΆαž“αž“αŸ…αž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„αž‡αŸ†αž„αžΊ acute leukemia αž–αŸ’αžšαŸ„αŸ‡αžαŸ‚αŸˆ
Οƒ½ reactive fibrosis
Edema
ΟƒΎ tissue infiltration by cells
Οƒ½ capillary fragility
Hematoma
209. "αž€αžΆαžšαžšαž€αžƒαžΎαž‰αž‡αžΆαž“αž·αž…αŸ’αž…αž‡αžΆαž€αžΆαž› αž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„ radicular cyst αž‚αžΊαŸˆ
Οƒ½ cholesterol clefts
Οƒ½ foam cells
ΟƒΎ lining epithelium
Οƒ½ polymorphonuclear leuckocytes
Οƒ½ multinucleated giant cells
210. "Coxsackie A virus αž‚αžΊαž‡αžΆαž—αŸ’αž“αžΆαž€αŸ‹αž„αžΆαžšαž”αž„αŸ’αž€αžšαŸ„αž‚αž“αŸ…αž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„αŸˆ
Thrush
Herpangina
Οƒ½ lichen planus
Οƒ½ aphthous stomatitis
Οƒ½ αž‚αŸ’αž˜αžΆαž“αž…αž˜αŸ’αž›αžΎαž™αžŽαžΆαž˜αž½αž™αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
211. "Squamous cell carcinomas αž“αŸƒαž”αž”αžΌαžšαž˜αžΆαžαŸ‹ αž€αžΎαžαž‘αžΎαž„αž‰αžΉαž€αž‰αžΆαž”αŸ‹αž”αŸ†αž•αž»αžαž“αŸ…αž›αžΎαŸ–
Commissures
ΟƒΎ lower lip near the midline
Οƒ½ inner surface of upper lip
Οƒ½ inner surface of lower lip
Οƒ½ upper lip near the midline
212. "αžαžΎαžŽαžΆαž˜αž½αž™αž“αŸƒ landmarks αžαžΆαž„αž€αŸ’αžšαŸ„αž˜ αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž’αžΆαž…αž˜αžΎαž›αžŸαŸ’αž‚αžΆαž›αŸ‹αž”αžΆαž“αž“αŸ…αž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„ periapical radiographs αž“αŸƒαž†αŸ’αž’αžΉαž„αžαŸ’αž‚αžΆαž˜αž€αŸ’αžšαŸ„αž˜? 1. External oblique ridge 2. Coronoid process 3. Mylohyoid ridge 4. Mental foramen 5. Incisive canal"
Οƒ½ (1) , (2) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
ΟƒΎ (1) , (3) αž“αž·αž„ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (1) , (4) αž“αž·αž„ (5) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (2) , (4) αž“αž·αž„ (5) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (3) , (4) αž“αž·αž„ (5) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
213. αž’αŸ’αž“αž€αž‡αŸ†αž„αžΊαž˜αŸ’αž“αžΆαž€αŸ‹αž€αŸ†αž–αž»αž„αž”αŸ’αžšαžΎ broad spectrum antibiotics αžšαž™αŸ‡αž–αŸαž›αŸ€αžŸαž”αŸ’αžŠαžΆαž αŸ αž”αž„αŸ’αž αžΆαž‰ red and white oral mucosal lesions αžŠαŸ‚αž›αžˆαžΊαž…αžΆαž”αŸ‹ αž˜αžΆαž“αž–αžΆαžŸαž–αŸαž‰αž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„αž˜αžΆαžαŸ‹αŸ” αžšαŸ„αž‚αžœαž·αž“αž·αž…αŸ’αž‡αŸαž™αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž‘αŸ†αž“αž„αž”αŸ†αž•αž»αžαž“αŸ„αŸ‡αž‚αžΊαŸˆ
Candidiasis
Leukoplakia
Οƒ½ erythema multiforme
Οƒ½ erosive lichen planus
Pemphigoid
214. "αžšαŸ„αž‚αžŸαž‰αŸ’αž‰αžΆ positive Nikolsky αž‚αžΊαž‡αžΆ αž›αž€αŸ’αžαžŽαŸˆαž“αŸƒαžšαŸ„αž‚αžœαž·αž“αž·αž…αŸ’αž†αŸαž™αž“αŸƒαŸˆ
Οƒ½ lichen planus
Οƒ½ erythema multiforme
Pemphigus
Οƒ½ chronic marginal gingivitis
Οƒ½ lupus erythematosus
215. "αž‚αŸ„αž›αž”αŸ†αžŽαž„αž…αŸ†αž”αž„αž“αŸƒαž€αžΆαžšαžαŸ†αžšαž„αŸ‹ αž”αŸ†αž–αž„αŸ‹αž€αžΆαŸ†αžšαžŸαŸ’αž˜αžΈαž’αž·αž€αŸ’αžŸ (x-ray beam) αž‚αžΊαŸˆ
Οƒ½ permit the use of lower kilovoltage during exposure
Οƒ½ filter out useless short rays
Οƒ½ permit use of the long cone techique
ΟƒΎ reduce the diameter of the primary beam
Οƒ½ reduce exposure time
216. "Lesion αžŠαŸ‚αž›αžšαžΆαž›αžŠαžΆαž›αž˜αž½αž™ αž”αžΆαž“αžšαž€αžƒαžΎαž‰αž“αŸ…αž― denture periphery αž‚αžΊαž”αŸ’αžšαž αŸ‚αž›αž‡αžΆ:
Οƒ½ fibroid epulis
ΟƒΎ epulis fissuratum
Οƒ½ epulis granulomatosum
Οƒ½ giant cell granuloma
Οƒ½ squamous cell carcinoma
217. "αž“αŸ…αž›αžΎ periapical radiograph, the coronoid process αž’αžΆαž…αžƒαžΎαž‰αž“αŸ…αžαžΆαž„αž›αžΎ apices αž“αŸƒαŸ–
ΟƒΎ maxillary third molar
Οƒ½ maxillary second premolar
Οƒ½ mandibular third molar
Οƒ½ mandibular first molar
Οƒ½ maxillary central incisors
218. "αž‘αžΈαžαžΆαŸ†αž„αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž˜αžΆαž“αž‰αžΉαž€αž‰αž™αž‡αžΆαž„αž‚αŸ αž“αŸƒαž‚αžΈαžŸαž–αŸαž‘αŸ’αž’αž‡αž»αŸ†αžœαž·αž‰αž€αŸ’αž”αžΆαž›αž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰αž€αž”αŸ‹ (dentigerous cyst) αž“αŸ„αŸ‡αž‚αžΊαŸˆ
ΟƒΎ third molar area
Οƒ½ symphysis of the emandible
Οƒ½ midline of the hard palate
Οƒ½ apical area of a devitalized tooth
Οƒ½ premolar area
219. "αžαžΎαžŽαžΆαž˜αž½αž™αž“αŸƒαžαžΆαž„αž€αŸ’αžšαŸ„αž˜ αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž‡αžΆαž›αž‘αŸ’αž’αž•αž›αž…αŸαž‰αž–αžΈ αž€αžΆαžšαž„αžΆαž”αŸ‹αž”αžŽαŸ’αžŠαžΌαž›αž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰(necrotic pulp)?
Οƒ½ Dentigerous cyst
Οƒ½ Lateral periodontal cyst
ΟƒΎ Chronic periradicular periodontitis
Οƒ½ Pulp polyp
Οƒ½ Periapical osteofibrosis
220. αž€αžΆαžšαž–αŸ’αž™αžΆαž”αžΆαž›αžŠαŸαžŸαž˜αžšαž˜αŸ’αž™αž“αŸƒ avascular white lesion αž‘αŸ†αž αŸ† 5 x 3mm αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž”αžΆαž“αž€αžΎαžαž˜αžΆαž“αž“αŸ…αž›αžΎ buccal mucosa αžšαž™αŸˆαž–αŸαž›αŸ¦αžαŸ‚ αž αžΎαž™αžαŸ’αž˜αžΈαŸ—αž”αžΆαž“αž€αŸ’αž›αžΆαž™αž‘αŸ…αž‡αžΆαžŠαŸ†αž”αŸ…αž“αŸ„αŸ‡αž‚αžΊαŸˆ
Οƒ½ observation
ΟƒΎ exisional biopsy
Οƒ½ incisional biopsy
Οƒ½ aspiration biopsy
Οƒ½ cytologic examination
221. "αžαžΎαžŽαžΆαž˜αž½αž™αž“αŸƒαžαžΆαž„αž€αŸ’αžšαŸ„αž˜ αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž˜αžΆαž“ radiopaque αž…αŸ’αžšαžΎαž“αž‡αžΆαž„αž‚αŸ?
Οƒ½ Lamina dura
Enamel
Οƒ½ Cortical bone
ΟƒΎ Gold inlay
Οƒ½ Composite restoration
222. "αž‚αžΈαžŸαž«αžŸαž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰ (A radicular cyst) αž‚αžΊαŸˆ
Οƒ½ enlarges rapidly
Οƒ½ infiltrates bone
ΟƒΎ contains fluid
Οƒ½ cannot cause cortical bone expansion
Οƒ½ is associated with a vital tooth
223. "αž€αžΆαžšαž”αŸ’αžšαžΎ αž‚αž»αž›αž·αž€αžΆ ឬ αž‘αžΉαž€αžαŸ’αž–αž»αžšαž˜αžΆαžαŸ‹ αžŸαž˜αŸ’αž›αžΆαž”αŸ‹αž˜αŸαžšαŸ„αž‚αžšαž™αŸ‡αž–αŸαž›αž™αžΌαžš αž‡αžΆαžœαž·αž—αžΆαž‚αž‘αžΆαž“αžŠαž›αŸ‹αž€αžΆαžšαžšαžΈαž€αž›αžΌαžαž›αžΆαžŸαŸ‹αž“αŸƒαŸˆ
ΟƒΎ oral candidiasis
Οƒ½ geographic tongue
Οƒ½ cancrum oris
Οƒ½ Koplik's spots
Οƒ½ aphthous ulcers
224. "αž†αŸ‚αž”αž”αž”αžΌαžšαž˜αžΆαžαŸ‹ αž“αž·αž„αž€αŸ’αžšαž’αžΌαž˜αž›αžΎ αž‡αžΆαž‘αžΌαž‘αŸ…αž‡αžΆαž›αž‘αŸ’αž’αž›αž”αžΆαž“αž˜αž€αž–αžΈαŸˆ
Οƒ½ failure of proper union of the median and lateral nasal processes
ΟƒΎ failure of the union of the median nasal process with the lateral nasal and maxillary processes
Οƒ½ anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia
Οƒ½ failure of development of both the lateral nasal and maxillary processes
Οƒ½ αž‚αŸ’αž˜αžΆαž“αž…αž˜αŸ’αž›αžΎαž™αžŽαžΆαž˜αž½αž™αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
225. "Median palatine cysts αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœαž”αžΆαž“αž…αžΆαžαŸ‹αž‡αžΆαžαŸ’αž“αžΆαž€αŸ‹αž‡αžΆαŸˆ
Development
Resdual
Idiopathic
Οƒ½ odontogenic
Οƒ½ αž‚αŸ’αž˜αžΆαž“αž…αž˜αŸ’αž›αžΎαž™αžŽαžΆαž˜αž½αž™αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
226. "αž€αžΆαžšαžšαž€αžƒαžΎαž‰αž™αŸ‰αžΆαž„αžŸαžΆαž˜αž‰αŸ’αž‰αžαžΆαž˜αž™αŸˆαž‚αŸ’αž›αžΈαž“αž·αž€αž…αŸ†αž–αŸ„αŸ‡αž’αŸ’αž“αž€αž‰αžΆαžŽαžŸαž»αžšαžΆ, diabetes mellitus αž˜αž·αž“αž”αžΆαž“αžαžΆαž˜αžŠαžΆαž“αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ, αžšαŸ„αž‚αž”αŸ†αž–αž„αŸ‹αž‘αžΉαž€αž“αŸ„αž˜αž“αž·αž„αžαŸ’αž›αžΎαž˜αž‚αžΊαŸˆ
Οƒ½ smooth tongue
Οƒ½ increased blood pressure
Οƒ½ coated tongue
Οƒ½ labial fissures
Halitosis
227. "αž€αžΆαžšαž–αž“αž·αžαŸ’αž™αž˜αžΎαž›αž‡αžΆαž›αž·αž€αžΆαž‘αž“αŸ‹αž“αŸ…αž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„αž˜αžΆαžαŸ‹ αž“αžΉαž„αž˜αž·αž“αž‡αž½αž™αžŠαž›αŸ‹αž€αžΆαžšαž’αŸ’αžœαžΎαžšαŸ„αž‚αžœαž·αž“αž·αž…αŸ’αž†αŸαž™αž“αŸƒαŸˆ
Οƒ½ lichen planus
Sinusitis
Οƒ½ erythema multiforme
Anemia
Οƒ½ vitamin deficiencies
228. "radiolucent lesion ៣ មម αž˜αžΆαž“αž‚αŸ‚αž˜αž–αŸαž‘αŸ’αž’αž‡αž»αŸ†αžœαž·αž‰αž…αŸ’αž”αžΆαžŸαŸ‹αž›αžΆαžŸαŸ‹αž”αžΆαž“αž”αž„αŸ’αž αžΆαž‰αž“αŸ…αžαŸ†αž”αž“αŸ‹αž…αž»αž„αž«αžŸαž“αŸƒαž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰αžαŸ’αž‚αžΆαž˜αžαžΌαž…αž€αŸ’αžšαŸ„αž˜αž‘αžΈαŸ’αŸ” lesion αž“αŸαŸ‡αž’αžΆαž…αž‡αžΆαŸˆ 1. A periapical granuloma 2. A periapical cyst 3. A chronic periapical abscess 4. The mental foramen"
ΟƒΎ (1) , (2) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (1) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (2) αž“αž·αž„ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ αž…αž˜αŸ’αž›αžΎαž™αž‘αžΆαŸ†αž„αž’αžŸαŸ‹αžαžΆαž„αž›αžΎαžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
229. "ឝើ lesion(s) ណអ αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž”αž„αŸ’αž αžΆαž‰αžšαžΌαž”αž—αžΆαž–αž“αŸ…αž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„ radiographic αž‡αžΆ multilocular radiolucencies? 1. Ameloblastoma 2. Odontogentic myxoma 3. Primordial cyst 4. Keratocyst"
ΟƒΎ (1) , (2) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (1) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (2) αž“αž·αž„ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ αž…αž˜αŸ’αž›αžΎαž™αž‘αžΆαŸ†αž„αž’αžŸαŸ‹αžαžΆαž„αž›αžΎαžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
230. "αž˜αž“αž»αžŸαŸ’αžŸαž˜αŸ’αž“αžΆαž€αŸ‹αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž˜αžΆαž“ sickle cell anemia αž’αžΆαž…αž”αž„αŸ’αž αžΆαž‰αž“αžΌαžœαž€αžΆαžšαž•αŸ’αž›αžΆαžŸαŸ‹αž”αŸ’αžŠαžΌαžš radiographic αž–αž·αžαž”αŸ’αžšαžΆαž€αžŠαž“αŸ…αž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„αž‚αŸ’αžšαŸ„αž„αž†αŸ’αž’αžΉαž„αž€αŸ’αž”αžΆαž›αŸ” αž€αžΆαžšαž•αŸ’αž›αžΆαžŸαŸ‹αž”αŸ’αžŠαžΌαžšαž“αŸαŸ‡αž’αžΆαž…αž‡αžΆαŸ–
Οƒ½ punched out radiolucent lesions
Οƒ½ moth-eaten appearance of the bone
Οƒ½ gross irregularities with exostosis formation
ΟƒΎ "hair on end" effect
Οƒ½ "copper beaten" effect
231. "ឝើ lesions αžŽαžΆαŸ‘αžαžΆαž„αž€αŸ’αžšαŸ„αž˜αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž˜αžΆαž“αž“αž·αž“αŸ’αž“αžΆαž€αžΆαžš αž‘αŸ…αžšαž€αž€αžΆαžšαž αžΌαžšαžˆαžΆαž˜αž™αŸ‰αžΆαž„αž„αžΆαž™?
ΟƒΎ Pyogenic granuloma
Osteoma
Fibroma
Papilloma
Lipoma
232. "αžαžΎαžŽαžΆαŸ‘αž“αŸƒαžαžΆαž„αž€αŸ’αžšαŸ„αž˜αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž˜αž·αž“αž…αžΌαž›αžšαž½αž˜αž‡αžΆαž˜αž½αž™αž“αžΉαž„ osteogenesis imperfecta?
Οƒ½ Brown teeth
Οƒ½ Brittle bones
ΟƒΎ Thin enamel
Οƒ½ Blue sclerae
Οƒ½ Enamel loss
233. "cell αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž‘αžΆαž€αŸ‹αž‘αž„αž‘αŸ…αž“αžΉαž„αž€αžΆαžšαž•αž›αŸ’αž›αž·αž antibody αž‚αŸαž αŸ…αžαžΆαŸˆ
Οƒ½ polymorphonuclear leukocyte
Οƒ½ mast cell
ΟƒΎ plasma cell
Macrophage
Megakaryocyte
234. "αž αžΎαž˜αž αžΎαž™αžˆαžΊαž…αžΆαž”αŸ‹αžαŸ’αž‘αŸ„αž€αŸ— (Intermittent painful swelling) αž“αŸ…αžαŸ†αž”αž“αŸ‹ submandiblar αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž”αž„αŸ’αž€αžΎαž“αž€αžΆαžšαžˆαžΊαž…αžΆαž”αŸ‹αž“αŸ…αž–αŸαž›αž”αžΆαž™αž“αŸ„αŸ‡αž‚αžΊαŸˆ"
Οƒ½ a ranula
ΟƒΎ a blockage of Wharton's duct
Οƒ½ Ludwig's angina
Οƒ½ a blockage of Stensen's duct
Οƒ½ an epidemic parotitis
235. "αž€αžΆαžšαž‡αžΆαžŸαŸ‡αžŸαŸ’αž”αžΎαž™αž“αŸƒ herpes simplex lesion αž“αŸ„αŸ‡αž‚αžΊαŸˆ
Οƒ½ prolonged over several months
ΟƒΎ spontaneous within 7-14 days without scar formation
Οƒ½ spontaneous within 7-14 days with scar formation
Οƒ½ spontaneous within 2-4 days
Οƒ½ αž‚αŸ’αž˜αžΆαž“αž…αž˜αŸ’αž›αžΎαž™αžŽαžΆαž˜αž½αž™αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
236. "malignant tumor αž›αžΎαž’αžŽαŸ’αžŠαžΆαž αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž€αžΎαžαž—αžΆαž‚αž…αŸ’αžšαžΎαž“αž”αŸ†αž•αž»αžαž“αŸ„αŸ‡αž‚αžΊαŸˆ
Οƒ½ papilloma
Οƒ½ adenocarcinoma
Fibroma
ΟƒΎ squamous cell carcinoma
Οƒ½ granular cell myoblastoma
237. "αž’αŸ’αž“αž€αž‡αŸ†αž„αžΊαž˜αŸ’αž“αžΆαž€αŸ‹αž˜αžΆαž“ lesion αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž˜αž·αž“αž–αŸ’αžšαž˜αž‡αžΆαžŸαŸ‡αžŸαŸ’αž”αžΎαž™αž“αŸ…αž›αžΎαž•αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€αž˜αŸ’αžαžΆαž„αž“αŸƒαž…αŸ’αžšαž˜αž»αŸ‡αŸ” αžœαžΆαž˜αžΆαž“αž‚αŸ‚αž˜αžšαž˜αžΌαž‡αž»αŸ†αžœαž·αž‰ αž αžΎαž™αž‘αžΎαž„αž€αŸ†αžšαžΆαžŸαŸ‹αž€αŸ’αžšαžΆαžŸαŸ‹αŸ” αžšαŸ„αž‚αžœαž·αž“αž·αž…αŸ’αž†αŸαž™αžŠαŸ‚αž›αžŸαž€αŸ’αžŠαž·αžŸαž˜αž”αŸ†αž•αž»αžαž“αŸ„αŸ‡αž‚αžΊαŸˆ"
Οƒ½ a sebaceous cyst
ΟƒΎ a basal cell carcinoma
Οƒ½ lupus erythematosus
Οƒ½ verruca vulgaris
Οƒ½ an equlis
238. "αž’αŸ’αž“αž€αž‡αž˜αŸ’αž„αžΊαž˜αŸ’αž“αžΆαž€αŸ‹αž˜αžΆαž“ white blood count ៣០,000 αž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„αŸ‘αž˜αž˜αž‚αž½αž” αž’αžΆαž…αž“αž·αž™αžΆαž™αžαžΆαž‚αžΆαžαŸ‹αž˜αžΆαž“αŸˆ
Luekocytosis
Leukopenia
Neutrophilia
Erythropenia
Erythrocytosis
239. "αž˜αž“αŸ’αž‘αžΈαžšαž–αž·αžŸαŸ„αž’αž“αŸαž–αž·αž“αž·αžαŸ’αž™αžˆαžΆαž˜ αžšαž”αžŸαŸ‹αž’αŸ’αž“αž€αž‡αŸ†αž„αžΊαž˜αŸ’αž“αžΆαž€αŸ‹αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž˜αžΆαž“ acute bacterial infection αž“αŸ„αŸ‡αž“αžΉαž„αž”αž„αŸ’αž αžΆαž‰αŸˆ
Lymphocytosis
Leukocytosis
Monocytosis
Leukopenia
Eosinophilia
240. "αž€αžΆαžšαž αžΎαž˜αž‘αžΆαž€αŸ‹αž‘αž„αž‘αŸ…αž“αžΉαž„αž€αžΆαžšαž€αžΎαž“αž‘αžΎαž„αž“αŸƒαž‡αžΆαž›αž·αž€αžΆαž‘αžΉαž€αž„αž„αŸƒ αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž‚αŸαž αŸ…αžαžΆαŸˆ
Thrombosis
Edema
Hematoma
Embolism
Οƒ½ surgical emphysema
241. αž’αžΆαž™αž»αž…αž“αŸ’αž›αŸ„αŸ‡αž–αžΈ αŸ¦αž‘αŸ…αŸ‘αŸ’αž†αŸ’αž“αžΆαŸ† αž”αŸ’αžšαžœαŸ‚αž„αž“αŸƒ mandibular arch αž–αžΈ permanent left first molar αž‘αŸ… permanent right first molar αž“αžΉαž„αž“αŸ…αž’αž˜αŸ’αž˜αžαžΆ αŸ–
Οƒ½ increase with the eruption of the permanent canines.
Οƒ½ increase with the eruption of the permanent canines.
Οƒ½ remain the same.
Οƒ½ decrease with the eruption of the permanent incisors.
ΟƒΎ decrease with the eruption of the premolars.
242. αž’αžΆαž™αž»αž…αž“αŸ’αž›αŸ„αŸ‡αž–αžΈ αŸ¦αž‘αŸ…αŸ‘αŸ’αž†αŸ’αž“αžΆαŸ† αž…αž“αŸ’αž›αŸ„αŸ‡αžŸαŸ†αžšαžΆαž”αŸ‹αž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰αžαŸ’αž‚αžΆαž˜αž’αŸ†αž‘αžΈαŸ’ αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœαž”αžΆαž“αžšαž€αŸ’αžŸαžΆαž‘αž»αž€αž“αŸ…αž›αžΎ mandible αžŠαŸ„αž™αŸ–
Οƒ½ growth at the anterior surface of the mandible.
Οƒ½ anterior movement of all of the erupted teeth.
ΟƒΎ resorption of bone along the anterior border of the ramus.
Οƒ½ widening of the mandible.
Οƒ½ shedding of the first permanent molars.
243. αžšαž…αž“αžΆαžŸαž˜αŸ’αž–αŸαž“αŸ’αž’αž€αžΆαž…αžΆαž€αŸ’αž”αžΆαž›αž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰αž˜αž»αžαž€αžŽαŸ’αžŠαžΆαž›αž›αžΎ αž•αŸ’αž‘αŸƒαžαžΆαž„αž˜αž»αžαžŠαž»αŸ‡αž˜αž·αž“αž”αžΆαž“αž–αŸαž‰αž›αŸαž‰αž›αŸ’αž’ αžšαžΆαž„αž€αŸ’αžšαž αžΈαž„ αž€αŸ’αžšαž αžΌαž„ αž¬αž‡αžΆαž…αž„αŸ’αž’αžΌαžšαž“αž·αž„αž˜αžΆαž“αž–αŸŒαžŽαž˜αž·αž“αž›αŸ’αž’αž“αŸ„αŸ‡αžœαžΆαž”αžŽαŸ’αžŠαžΆαž›αž˜αž€αž–αžΈαŸˆ (A single hypoplastic defect located on the labial surface of a maxillary central incisor is most likely due to a/an)
Οƒ½ dietary deficiency.
Οƒ½ endocrine deficiency.
Οƒ½ tetracycline therapy.
ΟƒΎ trauma to the maxillary primary central incisor.
Οƒ½ high fluoride intake.
244. "αž“αŸ…αž–αŸαž›αžαžαž αŸ’αžœαžΈαž›αž€αžΆαŸ†αžšαžŸαŸ’αž˜αžΈαž’αž·αž€αŸ’αžŸαž›αžΎαž€αž»αž˜αžΆαžšαž’αžΆαž™αž»αŸ‘αŸ αž†αŸ’αž“αžΆαŸ† αžŽαžΆαž˜αž½αž™αž“αŸƒαžαžΆαž„αž€αŸ’αžšαŸ„αž˜αžŠαŸ‚αž› αž‚αž½αžšαžαŸ‚αž™αž€αž˜αž€αž”αŸ’αžšαžΎ αžŠαžΎαž˜αŸ’αž”αžΈ radiation exposure? 1. A lead apron. 2. A decrease of the kilovoltage to 50kVp. 3. Use of high speed film. 4. Application of a radiation protection badge"
Οƒ½ (1) , (2) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
ΟƒΎ (1) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (2) αž“αž·αž„ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ αž…αž˜αŸ’αž›αžΎαž™αž‘αžΆαŸ†αž„αž’αžŸαŸ‹αžαžΆαž„αž›αžΎαžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
245. "αž€αžΆαžšαž•αŸ’αž›αžΆαžŸαŸ‹αž”αŸ’αžŠαžΌαžšαž“αŸƒαž’αŸŠαžΈαž™αŸ‰αž»αž„αž€αžΆαž›αŸ‹αžŸαŸ’αž™αžΌαž˜ αžšαžœαžΆαž„αž‘αžΉαž€αž˜αžΆαžαŸ‹ αž“αž·αž„ αž€αžΆαž…αžΆαž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰αž‚αžΊ 1. Affected by fluoride. 2. A component of remineralization and demineralization. 3. Important in maintenance of tooth structure. 4. pH dependent.
Οƒ½ (1) , (2) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (1) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (2) αž“αž·αž„ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
ΟƒΎ αž…αž˜αŸ’αž›αžΎαž™αž‘αžΆαŸ†αž„αž’αžŸαŸ‹αžαžΆαž„αž›αžΎαžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
246. "សរីរៈ (αž˜αŸαžšαŸ„αž‚) αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž”αž„αŸ’αž€αž αŸαžαž»αž“αŸ…αž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„ acute alveolar infections αž—αžΆαž‚αž…αŸ’αžšαžΎαž“αž‚αžΊαŸ– (The causative organism in most acute alveolar infections is)
Staphylococcus
Lactobacillus
Streptococcus
Οƒ½ candida albicans.
Actinomyces
247. αž€αŸ’αž˜αŸαž„αž”αŸ’αžšαž»αžŸαž’αžΆαž™αž» αŸ‘αŸ αž†αŸ’αž“αžΆαŸ† αž˜αŸ’αž“αžΆαž€αŸ‹αž”αžΆαž“αž”αžΆαž€αŸ‹αž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰αžαŸ’αž‚αžΆαž˜αž€αŸ’αžšαŸ„αž˜αž‘αžΉαž€αžŠαŸ„αŸ‡αž‘αžΈαŸ‘ αž˜αž½αž™αŸ” αž€αžΆαžšαž–αŸ’αž™αžΆαž”αžΆαž›αžŠαŸ‚αž›αžŸαž˜αžšαž˜αŸ’αž™αž”αŸ†αž•αž»αžαž“αŸ„αŸ‡ αŸ–
Οƒ½ a stainless steel crown and loop space maintainer.
Οƒ½ an acrylic unilateral partial denture.
Οƒ½ a band and loop space maintainer.
Οƒ½ the removal of the corresponding tooth on the other side of the arch.
ΟƒΎ no treatment.
248. "αž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰αž˜αž»αžαžŠαŸ‚αž›αž˜αžΆαž“αž€αžΆαžšαž”αŸ’αžšαŸ‚αž”αŸ’αžšαž½αž› αž‘αŸ†αž αŸ† αž“αž·αž„αžšαžΌαž”αžšαžΆαž„ αžαŸ’αž›αžΆαŸ†αž„αž”αŸ†αž•αž»αžαž“αŸ„αŸ‡αž‚αžΊαŸ– (The anterior tooth with the greatest variability in size and shape is the)
ΟƒΎ maxillary lateral incisor.
Οƒ½ mandibular canine.
Οƒ½ maxillary canine.
Οƒ½ maxillary central incisor.
Οƒ½ mandibular central incisor.
249. "A labial frenum αž”αžŽαŸ’αžŠαžΆαž›αž²αŸ’αž™αž˜αžΆαž“ diastema αž“αŸ…αž…αž“αŸ’αž›αŸ„αŸ‡αžšαžœαžΆαž„ maxillary permanent central incisors αž‘αžΆαŸ†αž„αž–αžΈαžšαŸ” lateral incisors αž“αž·αž„ canines αž˜αž·αž“αž‘αžΆαž“αŸ‹αž”αžΆαž“αžŠαž»αŸ‡αž“αŸ…αž‘αžΎαž™αž‘αŸαŸ” αž€αžΆαžšαž–αŸ’αž™αžΆαž”αžΆαž›αžŠαŸ‚αž› αžŸαž˜αžšαž˜αŸ’αž™αž”αŸ†αž•αž»αžαž“αŸ„αŸ‡ αž‚αžΊαŸ–
Οƒ½ perform a frenectomy.
Οƒ½ close the space with an orthodontic appliance.
ΟƒΎ observe the case until the eruption of maxillary permanent lateral incisors and canines.
Οƒ½ close the space with an elastic band.
Οƒ½ close the space after the eruption of the lateral incisors.
250. αž’αŸ’αž“αž€αž‡αŸ†αž„αžΊαž’αžΆαž™αž» 10αž†αŸ’αž“αžΆαŸ† αž˜αŸ’αž“αžΆαž€αŸ‹αž”αžΆαž“αžαŸ’αž’αžΌαž‰αžαŸ’αž’αŸ‚αž’αŸ†αž–αžΈαž€αžΆαžšαž›αŸ†αž”αžΆαž€αž“αŸ…αž›αžΎαž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰αžαŸ’αž‚αžΆαž˜αž‘αžΉαž€αž‘αžΈ2αž›αžΎ αž–αŸαž›αž‘αŸ†αž–αžΆαžšαž…αŸ†αžŽαžΈαž’αžΆαž αžΆαžšαŸ” αž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰αžšαž„αŸ’αž‚αžΎαžš αž αžΎαž™αž˜αžΆαž“αž”αŸ‰αŸ‡αž’αžΆαž˜αŸ‰αžΆαž›αž αŸ’αž‚αžΆαž˜αž™αŸ‰αžΆαž„αž’αŸ†αž“αŸ… mesio-occlusal αŸ” αž’αŸ’αž“αž€αžŸαž„αŸ’αžŸαŸαž™αžαžΆ αŸ–
Οƒ½ an exfoliating tooth.
Οƒ½ a hyperemic pulp.
Οƒ½ a hyperplastic pulp.
Οƒ½ an acute pulpitis.
ΟƒΎ traumatic occlusion.
251. "αž€αžΆαžšαž”αžΆαžαŸ‹αž”αž„αŸ‹αž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰αž…αž„αŸ’αž€αžΌαž˜αž‘αžΉαž€αžŠαŸ„αŸ‡αž™αŸ‰αžΆαž„αž›αžΏαž“αž˜αž»αž“αž–αŸαž›αž€αŸ†αžŽαžαŸ‹ αž“αŸ…αž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„αž€αžšαžŽαžΈαž™αŸ Class I αž“αž·αž„ Class II αž”αžŽαŸ’αžŠαžΆαž›αž²αŸ’αž™αž˜αžΆαž“αž€αžΆαžšαž€αžΎαž“αž‘αžΎαž„ 1. overjet. 2. Arch width. 3. overbite. 4. Leeway space."
Οƒ½ (1) , (2) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
ΟƒΎ (1) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (2) αž“αž·αž„ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ αž…αž˜αŸ’αž›αžΎαž™αž‘αžΆαŸ†αž„αž’αžŸαŸ‹αžαžΆαž„αž›αžΎαžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
252. αž“αŸ…αž›αžΎ mandibular dental arch αžšαž”αžŸαŸ‹αž€αŸ’αž˜αŸαž„αž”αŸ’αžšαž»αžŸαž’αžΆαž™αž» αŸ‘αŸ’αž†αŸ’αž“αžΆαŸ†αž˜αŸ’αž“αžΆαž€αŸ‹, αž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰ permanent first molars αž”αžΆαž“αž”αŸ‰αŸ‡αž‚αŸ’αž“αžΆαž‡αžΆαž˜αž½αž™ first premolars αž“αž·αž„αž€αŸ’αž”αžΆαž›αž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰αž“αŸƒ second premolars αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž”αžΆαž“αžŠαž»αŸ‡αž„αžΆαž€αž˜αž€αžαžΆαž„ lingualαŸ” αž˜αžΌαž›αž αŸαžαž»αž“αŸ„αŸ‡αž”αžŽαŸ’αžŠαžΆαž›αž˜αž€αž–αžΈ αŸ–
Οƒ½ ankylosis of the mandibular second premolars.
Οƒ½ lack of space.
Οƒ½ teeth too large for the dental arch.
ΟƒΎ premature loss of deciduous second molars.
Οƒ½ faulty lingual eruption of the second premolars.
253. αž€αžΆαžšαž”αŸ€αž˜αž˜αŸαžŠαŸƒ(Thumbsucking)αž“αŸ…αž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„αž€αžšαžŽαžΈαž—αžΆαž‚αž…αŸ’αžšαžΎαž“αž˜αž·αž“αž”αžŽαŸ’αžŠαžΆαž›αž²αŸ’αž™αž˜αžΆαž“αž‚αŸ’αžšαŸ„αŸ‡αžαŸ’αž“αžΆαž€αŸ‹αž‡αžΆ αž”αŸ’αžšαž…αžΆαŸ† αž‘αŸ…αžŠαž›αŸ‹αžŠαŸ†αžŽαž»αŸ‡αž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰ αž”αŸ’αžšαžŸαž·αž“αž”αžΎαž‘αž˜αŸ’αž›αžΆαž”αŸ‹αž“αŸαŸ‡ αŸ–
ΟƒΎ discontinued before four years of age.
Οƒ½ discontinued before eight years of age.
Οƒ½ practised only at night.
Οƒ½ is light in intensity.
Οƒ½ αž‚αŸ’αž˜αžΆαž“αž…αž˜αŸ’αž›αžΎαž™αžŽαžΆαž˜αž½αž™αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
254. "αž˜αžΌαž›αž αŸαžαž»αž—αžΆαž‚αž…αŸ’αžšαžΎαž“αž”αŸ†αž•αž»αžαžŠαŸ‚αž›αž”αžŽαŸ’αžŠαžΆαž›αž²αŸ’αž™αž˜αžΆαž“ a Class I malocclusion αž‚αžΊ αŸ–
Οƒ½ discoordinate growth of the dental arch.
Οƒ½ insufficient tooth size.
ΟƒΎ inequity between tooth size and supporting bone.
Οƒ½ maxillary incisor crowding.
Οƒ½ congenitally missing teeth.
255. "αžαžΎαžŽαžΆαž˜αž½αž™αž“αŸƒαžαžΆαž„αž€αŸ’αžšαŸ„αž˜ αžŠαŸ‚αž›αžŸαŸ†αžαžΆαž“αŸ‹αž“αŸ…αž–αŸαž›αž”αŸ’αžšαžΎ (αž”αŸ‰αŸ‡) spherical αž‡αžΆαž‡αžΆαž„ admix alloy αž…αŸ†αž–αŸ„αŸ‡αž€αžΆαžšαž”αŸ’αžšαžΎαž’αžΆαž˜αŸ‰αžΆαž›αž αŸ’αž‚αžΆαž˜αžŸαŸ†αžšαžΆαž”αŸ‹αž”αž·αž‘αž”αŸ‰αŸ‡αž”αŸ’αžšαž…αžΆαŸ†αžαŸ’αž„αŸƒ? 1. A larger diameter condenser. 2. An anatomical wedge. 3. Decreased condensing pressure. 4. A dead soft matrix band. "
Οƒ½ (1) , (2) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (1) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (2) αž“αž·αž„ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
ΟƒΎ αž…αž˜αŸ’αž›αžΎαž™αž‘αžΆαŸ†αž„αž’αžŸαŸ‹αžαžΆαž„αž›αžΎαžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
256. "αžαžΎαž€αžΆαžšαž”αŸ’αžšαŸ‚αž”αŸ’αžšαž½αž›αž“αŸƒ oral mucosa ណអ៑ αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž’αžΆαž…αž‡αžΆ side effects αžšαž”αžŸαŸ‹ chemotherapy? 1. Atrophic thinning. 2. Ulceration. 3. Necrosis. 4. Spontaneous bleeding."
Οƒ½ (1) , (2) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (1) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (2) αž“αž·αž„ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
ΟƒΎ αž…αž˜αŸ’αž›αžΎαž™αž‘αžΆαŸ†αž„αž’αžŸαŸ‹αžαžΆαž„αž›αžΎαžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
257. "αžαžΎαž“αŸ…αž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„αžŽαžΆαž˜αž½αž™αž“αŸƒαžŸαŸ’αžαžΆαž“αž—αžΆαž–αžŠαžΌαž…αžαžΆαž„αž€αŸ’αžšαŸ„αž˜ αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž€αžΆαžšαž”αž“αŸ’αžαŸ‚αž˜αž‡αžΆαžαž· fluoride αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœαžαž˜αŸ’αžšαžΌαžœαž²αŸ’αž™αž’αŸ’αžœαžΎ? 1. A 4 year old child with active caries. 2. A child with active caries living where drinking water contains ?0.7 ppm. 3. A 75 year old patient with active caries who takes xerostomic medications. 4. A 1 year old toddler living in a non-fluoridated community.
Οƒ½ (1) , (2) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (1) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (2) αž“αž·αž„ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
ΟƒΎ αž…αž˜αŸ’αž›αžΎαž™αž‘αžΆαŸ†αž„αž’αžŸαŸ‹αžαžΆαž„αž›αžΎαžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
258. "αž€αŸ’αž˜αŸαž„αž’αžΆαž™αž»αŸ§αž†αŸ’αž“αžΆαŸ† αž‘αžΎαž”αž“αžΉαž„αž”αžΆαž€αŸ‹αž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰αž’αž…αž·αž“αŸ’αžšαŸ’αžŠαŸƒαž™αŸαž˜αž»αžαž€αžŽαŸ’αžŠαžΆαž›αž›αžΎαŸ‘ αžŠαŸ„αž™αžŸαžΆαžšαž€αžΆαžšαž”αŸ‰αŸ‡αž‘αž„αŸ’αž‚αž·αž…αŸ” αž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰αž”αžΆαžαŸ‹αžšαž€αž˜αž·αž“αžƒαžΎαž‰αŸ” αž€αžΆαžšαž–αŸ’αž™αžΆαž”αžΆαž›αž‡αžΆαž‡αŸ†αžšαžΎαžŸαž“αŸ„αŸ‡αž‚αžΊαŸ– 1. Order a chest x-ray. 2. Place an implant. 3. Maintain space with a removable appliance. 4. Observe and measure the space for 6 months."
Οƒ½ (1) , (2) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
ΟƒΎ (1) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (2) αž“αž·αž„ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ αž…αž˜αŸ’αž›αžΎαž™αž‘αžΆαŸ†αž„αž’αžŸαŸ‹αžαžΆαž„αž›αžΎαžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
259. αž“αŸ…αž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„αž€αžΆαžšαž–αŸ’αž™αžΆαž”αžΆαž›αž‡αžΆαž›αž·αž€αžΆαžšαž‡αŸ†αžœαž·αž‰αž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰ αž€αžΆαžšαž…αŸ’αžšαž·αž”αž™αž€αž’αž‰αŸ’αž…αžΆαž‰αž…αŸαž‰ (gingivectomy) αž‚αžΊαž‡αžΆαž€αžΆαžšαž–αŸ’αž™αž”αžΆαž›αž‡αžΆαž‡αŸ†αžšαžΎαžŸ αžŠαžΎαž˜αŸ’αž”αžΈαž”αŸ†αž”αžΆαžαŸ‹ αŸ–
Οƒ½ osseous craters.
Οƒ½ infrabony pockets.
ΟƒΎ suprabony pockets.
Οƒ½ root hypersensitivity.
Οƒ½ inadequate attached gingiva.
260. "αžαŸ†αž αŸ‚αž‘αžΆαŸ†αž›αžΎαž’αŸ’αž“αž€αž‡αŸ†αž„αžΊαžŠαŸ‚αž›αž”αžΆαž“αž–αŸ’αž™αžΆαž”αžΆαž›αž‡αŸ†αž„αžΊαž‡αžΆαž›αž·αž€αžΆαžšαž‡αŸ†αžœαž·αž‰αž¬αžŸαž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰ αžšαž½αž˜αž”αž‰αŸ’αž…αžΌαž›αž‘αžΆαŸ†αž„αž€αžΆαžšαž”αŸ‰αžΆαž“αŸ‹αž”αŸ’αžšαž˜αžΆαžŽαž˜αžΎαž› αžŠαŸ„αž™αž‘αŸ€αž„αž€αŸ†αžŽαžαŸ‹αž–αŸαž›αž“αžΌαžœ αŸ– 1. Tooth mobility. 2. Gingival sulcus depth. 3. Signs of gingival inflammation. 4. Oral hygiene status
Οƒ½ (1) , (2) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (1) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (2) αž“αž·αž„ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
ΟƒΎ αž…αž˜αŸ’αž›αžΎαž™αž‘αžΆαŸ†αž„αž’αžŸαŸ‹αžαžΆαž„αž›αžΎαžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
261. αžαžΎαžšαž™αŸˆαž–αŸαž›αž”αŸ‰αž»αžŽαŸ’αžŽαžΆαžŠαŸ‚αž›αž”αžΆαž€αŸ‹αžαŸαžšαžΈαž“αŸ…αž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„αž•αŸ’αž›αžΆαž€ αž”αž„αŸ’αž€αžΎαžαž‡αžΆαž’αžΆαžŸαŸŠαžΈαžαž…αŸαž‰αž–αžΈ sucrose?
Οƒ½ 2-10 minutes.
ΟƒΎ 30 minutes to 1 hour.
Οƒ½ 1-2 hours.
Οƒ½ More than 12 hours.
Οƒ½ 24 hours.
262. αž’αž‰αŸ’αž…αžΆαž‰αž˜αžΆαž“αž αžΌαžšαžˆαžΆαž˜ αž“αž·αž„αž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰αž’αžΌαžšαž›αž»αž„ αž’αžΆαž…αžšαž½αž˜αž”αž‰αŸ’αž…αžΌαž›αž“αžΉαž„αž€αžΆαžšαžαŸ’αžœαŸ‡αž“αŸƒαŸˆ
Οƒ½ intrinsic factor.
Οƒ½ folic acid.
Niacin
ΟƒΎ ascorbic acid.
Riboflavin
263. "The Fluorosis Index αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœαž”αžΆαž“αž”αŸ’αžšαžΎαžŠαžΎαž˜αŸ’αž”αžΈαžœαžΆαžŸαŸ‹αŸ–
Οƒ½ degree of protection offered against dental caries by fluoride supplements
Οƒ½ concentration of fluoride in public water supplies.
ΟƒΎ degree or severity of mottled enamel.
Οƒ½ opposition to fluoridation by citizens' groups.
Οƒ½ total amount of fluoride ingested.
264. "αžαžΎαžŽαžΆαž˜αž½αž™αž“αŸƒ cells αžαžΆαž„αž€αŸ’αžšαŸ„αž˜αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž‡αžΆ immunologic response αž‘αŸ…αž“αžΉαž„ plaque αž“αŸ…αž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„ sulcus αž€αžΎαžαž‘αžΎαž„αž“αŸ…αž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„αž€αžšαžŽαžΈαžšαž›αžΆαž‚αžšαžΆαŸ†αžšαŸ‰αŸƒ αž“αŸƒαž‡αŸ†αž„αžΊαž‡αžΆαž›αž·αž€αžΆαž‡αŸ†αžœαž·αž‰αž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰? 1. Mast cells. 2. Macrophages. 3. Plasma cells. 4. Neutrophils. 5. Lymphocytes."
Οƒ½ (1) , (2) αž“αž·αž„ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (1) , (3) αž“αž·αž„ (5) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
ΟƒΎ (2) , (3) αž“αž·αž„ (5) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (3) αž“αž·αž„ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (3) αž“αž·αž„ (5) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
265. αžœαžαŸ’αžαž»αžšαžΆαžœαž“αŸƒαž’αž‰αŸ’αž…αžΆαž‰αž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰(Gingival crevicular fluid = gingival fluid) αŸ–
Οƒ½ never varies in volume.
Οƒ½ is a transudate.
Οƒ½ is derived from mast cells.
Οƒ½ is an exudate.
ΟƒΎ αž…αž˜αŸ’αž›αžΎαž™ B. and D.
266. αž”αž“αŸ’αž‘αžΆαž”αŸ‹αž–αžΈαž•αŸ’αž‘αŸƒαž˜αž»αžαž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœαž”αžΆαž“αžŸαŸ†αž’αžΆαžαž™αŸ‰αžΆαž„αžŸαŸ’αž’αžΆαžαž”αžΆαž mucoprotein αžαŸ’αž˜αžΈαž”αžΆαž“αž€αŸ’αžšαžΆαž›αž–αžΆαžŸαž–αžΈαž›αžΎ αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž”αž„αŸ’αž€αžΎαžαž‘αžΎαž„αž“αŸ…αž›αžΎαž•αŸ’αž‘αŸƒαž˜αž»αžαž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰ αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž αŸ…αžαžΆ αŸ–
Pellicle
Plaque
Οƒ½ materia alba.
Οƒ½ primary cuticle.
Οƒ½ Nasmyth's membrane.
267. "αžαžΎαžŽαžΆαž˜αž½αž™αž“αŸƒ fibers αžαžΆαž„αž€αŸ’αžšαŸ„αž˜αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž”αž„αŸ’αž€αžΎαž gingival collar (cuff)?
Circular
Dentogingival
Οƒ½ Alveologingival.
Dentoperiosteal
Οƒ½ αž…αž˜αŸ’αž›αžΎαž™αž‘αžΆαŸ†αž„αž’αžŸαŸ‹αžαžΆαž„αž›αžΎαžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
268. "αž‡αŸ†αž„αžΊαž‡αžΆαž›αž·αž€αžΆαž‡αŸ†αžœαž·αž‰αž¬αžŸαž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰αžšαžΆαŸ†αžšαŸ‰αŸƒ αž”αž„αŸ’αž αžΆαž‰αž›αž€αŸ’αžαžŽαŸ‡αž‡αžΆαŸ– (Chronic periodontitis is characterized as)
Inflammatory
Irreparable
Atrophic
Hyperplastic
Οƒ½ αž‚αŸ’αž˜αžΆαž“αž…αž˜αŸ’αž›αžΎαž™αžŽαžΆαž˜αž½αž™αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
269. An acute lateral periodontal abscess αž’αžΆαž…αž˜αžΆαž“αž€αžΆαžšαžαž»αžŸαž”αŸ’αž›αŸ‚αž€αž‚αŸ’αž“αžΆαž–αžΈ an acute abscess of pulpal origin αžŠαŸ„αž™αžŸαžΆαžšαŸ–
Οƒ½ type of exudate.
Οƒ½ intensity of pain.
Οƒ½ nature of swelling.
Οƒ½ degree of tooth mobility.
ΟƒΎ response to a vitality test.
270. "A furcation invasion αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„αž“αŸ„αŸ‡αž†αŸ’αž’αžΉαž„αžŸαŸ’αžšαž€αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž’αž“αž»αž‰αŸ’αž‰αžΆαžαž·αž²αŸ’αž™ probe αž–αž„αŸ’αžœαžΆαžαž™αŸ‰αžΆαž„ αž–αŸαž‰αž‘αŸ†αž αŸŠαžΉαž„αž†αŸ’αž›αž„αž€αžΆαžαŸ‹ furcation αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœαž”αžΆαž“αž‚αŸαž…αžΆαžαŸ‹αžαŸ’αž“αžΆαž€αŸ‹αž‡αžΆαŸˆ (A furcation invasion in which bone loss allows the probe to extend completely through the furcation is classified as) "
Incipient
Οƒ½ Class I.
Οƒ½ Class II.
ΟƒΎ Class III.
Chronic
271. "Benzodiazepines αž˜αžΆαž“αžŸαž€αž˜αŸ’αž˜αž—αžΆαž–αž‘αžΆαŸ†αž’αžŸαŸ‹αžαžΆαž„αž€αŸ’αžšαŸ„αž˜αž“αŸαŸ‡ αž›αžΎαž€αž›αŸ‚αž„αžαŸ‚αŸ–
Οƒ½ muscle relaxation
Sedation
Amnesia
Οƒ½ anticonvulsant action
Analgesia
272. "αž‡αž˜αŸ’αžšαŸ…αž“αŸƒαž‡αŸ’αžšαŸ€αžαž…αžΌαž› αž“αŸƒ x-ray αž‚αžΊαž€αŸ†αžŽαžαŸ‹αžŠαŸ„αž™ αŸ– 1. αž˜αžΈαž›αžΈαž’αŸ†αž–αŸ‚αžš (milliamperage) 2. αžŠαž„αŸ‹αžŸαŸŠαžΈαžαŸαžšαž”αžŸαŸ‹αžœαžΆ 3. αžšαž™αŸ‡αž–αŸαž›αž–αž“αŸ’αž›αžΊαž”αŸ‰αŸ‡αž“αžΉαž„αž αŸ’αžœαž·αž› 4. αž‚αžΈαž‘αžΌαžœαž»αž›αžαžΆ (kilovoltage)"
Οƒ½ (1) , (2) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (1) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
ΟƒΎ (2) αž“αž·αž„ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ αž…αž˜αŸ’αž›αžΎαž™αž‘αžΆαŸ†αž„αž’αžŸαŸ‹αžαžΆαž„αž›αžΎαžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
273. αž–αŸαž›αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž˜αžΆαžŸ ឬ αž›αŸ„αž αŸˆαž’αžΆαžαž»αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž•αŸ’αžŸαŸ†αž–αžΈαž˜αžΆαžŸ αž•αŸ’αž›αžΆαžŸαŸ‹αž”αŸ’αžαžΌαžšαž–αžΈαžšαžΆαžœαž‘αŸ…αž‡αžΆαžšαžΉαž„ αžŸαŸ’αžαžΆαž“αž—αžΆαž–αžœαžΆαž“αžΉαž„αŸ–
Οƒ½ αžšαžΈαž€
ΟƒΎ αžšαž½αž‰αžαŸ’αž›αžΈ
Οƒ½ αž’αžΆαž…αž…αŸ’αžšαŸαŸ‡αž”αžΆαž“
Οƒ½ αž€αŸ’αž›αžΆαž™αž‘αŸ…αž‡αžΆαž•αž»αž™αžŸαŸ’αžšαž½αž™
Οƒ½ αž€αžΆαž“αŸ‹αžαŸ‚αžšαžΉαž„
274. αž€αžΆαžšαžˆαžΌαžŸ enamel αž“αŸ… gingival cavosurface αžŠαžΎαž˜αŸ’αž”αžΈαžšαŸ€αž”αž…αŸ† cavity amalgame Class II αž“αŸ…αž›αžΎαž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰αžŸαŸ’αžšαž»αž€αž˜αž½αž™αŸ–
Οƒ½ αž›αž‘αŸ’αž’αž•αž›αž‚αž½αžšαž’αŸ„αž™αž˜αžΆαž“αž”αž‰αŸ’αž‡αž·αžαžœαŸ‚αž„ ( long bevel)
Οƒ½ αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœαž”αžΆαž“αž‚αŸαž αžΆαž˜αž’αŸ’αžœαžΎαž–αžΈαž–αŸ’αžšαŸ„αŸ‡αžαŸ‚αž—αžΆαž–αž˜αžΆαŸ†αž“αŸƒαž‚αŸ‚αž˜ amalgam αžαž·αž…
Οƒ½ αžœαžΆαž˜αž·αž“αžŸαŸ†αžαžΆαž“αŸ‹αž‘αŸαž–αŸ’αžšαŸ„αŸ‡αž‘αŸ†αžšαž„αŸ‹αž“αŸƒαž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰αž“αŸαŸ‡αžœαžΆαžšαžΉαž„αž˜αžΆαŸ†
ΟƒΎ αž‚αž½αžšαžαŸ‚αž™αž› enamel αž…αŸαž‰αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž’αžΆαž…αž’αŸ„αž™αž”αŸ‚αž€
Οƒ½ αž‚αž½αžšαžαŸ‚αž’αŸ„αž™αž•αž› αž“αŸ…αž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„αž”αž“αŸ’αž‘αžΆαžαŸ‹αž˜αž»αŸ†αžŸαŸ’αžšαž½αž… gingivoproximal
275. "αž‘αŸ†αžšαž„αŸ‹ retention αž“αŸƒαž€αžΆαžšαžšαŸ€αž”αž…αŸ† full crown αž’αžΆαž…αž“αžΉαž„αž›αŸ’αž’αž”αŸ’αžšαžŸαžΎαžšαž‘αžΎαž„αžŠαŸ„αž™ αŸ– 1. αž€αžΆαžšαž€αžΆαžαŸ‹αž”αž“αŸ’αžαž™αž—αžΆαž–αžœαŸ‚αž„αžŸαŸ’αžαžΎαž„αžšαž”αžŸαŸ‹αžœαžΆ (taper) 2. αž€αžΆαžšαž€αžΎαž“αž‘αžΎαž„αž“αŸƒαž”αŸ’αžšαžœαŸ‚αž„ 3. αž”αŸ’αžšαžΎαž”αŸ’αžšαžΆαžŸαŸ‹ grooves រឺ boxes 4. αž’αŸ’αžœαžΎαž’αŸ„αž™αžšαž›αŸ„αž„αž“αŸƒαžšαž”αžŸαŸ‹αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž”αžΆαž“αžšαŸ€αž”αž…αŸ† (polishing the preparation)"
ΟƒΎ (1) , (2) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (1) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (2) αž“αž·αž„ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ αž…αž˜αŸ’αž›αžΎαž™αž‘αžΆαŸ†αž„αž’αžŸαŸ‹αžαžΆαž„αž›αžΎαžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
276. "αž˜αž½αž™αžŽαžΆαž“αŸƒαžαžΆαž„αž€αŸ’αžšαŸ„αž˜αž“αŸαŸ‡αž‡αžΆ anesthetic agents αžŠαŸ‚αž›αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœαž”αžΆαž“αž’αŸ’αžœαžΎαž§αž‘αž€αž€αž˜αŸ’αž˜αžŠαŸ„αž™ plasma cholinesterase (hydrolixed by plasma cholinesterase)αŸ– 1. Prilocaine (citanest). 2. Lidocaine (xylocaine). 3. Mepivicaine (carbocaine). 4. Procaine."
Οƒ½ (1) , (2) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (1) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (2) αž“αž·αž„ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
ΟƒΎ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ αž…αž˜αŸ’αž›αžΎαž™αž‘αžΆαŸ†αž„αž’αžŸαŸ‹αžαžΆαž„αž›αžΎαžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
277. αž˜αž½αž™αžŽαžΆαž“αŸƒαžαžΆαž„αž€αŸ’αžšαŸ„αž˜ αž‚αžΊαž‡αžΆαž•αž›αžœαž·αž”αžΆαž€αž“αŸƒαž€αžΆαžšαž–αŸ’αž™αžΆαž”αžΆαž›αžŠαŸ„αž™ systemic corticosteroid αžšαž™αŸ‡αž–αŸαž›αž™αžΌαžš αŸ–
Οƒ½ Oral candidiasis.
Xerostomia
Οƒ½ Aphthous stomatitis.
Anorexia
Οƒ½ Gingival hyperplasia.
278. αž˜αž½αž™αžŽαžΆαž“αŸƒαžαžΆαž„αž€αŸ’αžšαŸ„αž˜αž“αŸαŸ‡ αž˜αžΆαž“αž₯αž‘αŸ’αž’αž·αž–αž›αžαž·αž…αž”αŸ†αž•αž»αžαž›αžΎαž€αžΆαžšαžœαž·αžœαžαŸ’αžαž“αŸαž“αŸƒαž€αžΆαžšαžšαž›αžΆαž€αž’αž‰αŸ’αž…αžΆαž‰αŸ–
Οƒ½ αž€αžΆαžšαž˜αžΆαž“αž•αŸ’αž‘αŸƒαž–αŸ„αŸ‡
Οƒ½ αž‡αž˜αŸ’αž„αžΊαž‘αžΉαž€αž“αŸ„αž˜αž•αŸ’αž’αŸ‚αž˜
ΟƒΎ Traumatic occlusion.
Οƒ½ αžŸαŸ†αž’αŸαž…αž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰ (Dental plaque)
Οƒ½ αžšαŸαž€αŸ’αžŸαž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰ (Calculus)
279. αž–αŸαž›αžαž Periapical αž€αž“αŸ’αž›αŸ‚αž„ coroniod process αž‘αŸ†αž“αž„αž‡αžΆαž”αž“αŸ’αžαŸ‚αž˜αžšαžΌαž”αž—αžΆαž–αž‘αŸ…αž›αžΎ apex αž“αŸƒαŸ–
Οƒ½ αžαŸ’αž‚αžΆαž˜αž‘αžΈαŸ£αž›αžΎ
ΟƒΎ αžαŸ’αž‚αžΆαž˜αž‘αžΈαŸ’αž›αžΎ
Οƒ½ αž…αž„αŸ’αž€αžΌαž˜αž›αžΎ
Οƒ½ αžαŸ’αž‚αžΆαž˜αž‘αžΈαŸ£αž€αŸ’αžšαŸ„αž˜
Οƒ½ αžαŸ’αž‚αžΆαž˜αž‘αžΈαŸ‘αž€αŸ’αžšαŸ„αž˜
280. 280 αž’αŸ’αž“αž€αž‡αŸ†αž„αžΊαž˜αŸ’αž“αžΆαž€αŸ‹αž˜αžΆαž“αž‡αŸ†αž„αžΊαžŠαŸ‚αž›αž˜αž·αž“αž‡αžΆαžŸαŸ‡αžŸαŸ’αž”αžΎαž™αž“αŸ…αž•αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€αž˜αŸ’αžαžΆαž„αž“αŸƒαž…αŸ’αžšαž˜αž»αŸ‡αŸ” αžœαžΆαžšαžΈαž€αž‘αŸ…αžαžΆαž„αž‚αŸ‚αž˜αžαžΆαž„αž“αž·αž„αž˜αžΆαž“αž‘αŸ†αž αŸ†αž€αžΆαž“αŸ‹αžαŸ‚αž’αŸ†αž‘αŸ…αŸ—αŸ” αžšαŸ„αž‚αžœαž·αžœαž·αž…αŸ’αž†αŸαž™αž“αŸαŸ‡αž’αžΆαž…αž‡αžΆαŸ–
Οƒ½ a sebaceous cyst.
ΟƒΎ a basal cell carcinoma.
Οƒ½ lupuserythematosus.
Οƒ½ verruca vulgaris.
Οƒ½ an epulis.
281. "αž αŸ’αžœαžΈαž›αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž›αžΆαž„αž αžΎαž™αž˜αžΆαž“αžŸαž—αžΆαž–αžαŸ’αž˜αŸ…αž„αž„αžΉαž αžœαžΆαž”αžŽαŸ’αžαžΆαž›αž˜αž€αž–αžΈαŸ– 1. αž›αžΆαž„αž αŸ’αžœαžΈαž›αž˜αž·αž“αž‘αžΆαž“αŸ‹αž”αžΆαž“αž›αŸ’αž’ 2. αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœαž–αž“αŸ’αž›αžΊαž…αŸ’αžšαžΎαž“αž–αŸαž€ 3. αžŠαžΆαž€αŸ‹αžαžΆαž„αžαŸ’αž“αž„αž“αŸƒαž αŸ’αžœαžΈαž› 4. αž˜αžΆαž“ milliamperage αžαŸ’αž›αžΆαŸ†αž„αž–αŸαž€"
Οƒ½ (1) , (2) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (1) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
ΟƒΎ (2) αž“αž·αž„ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ αž…αž˜αŸ’αž›αžΎαž™αž‘αžΆαŸ†αž„αž’αžŸαŸ‹αžαžΆαž„αž›αžΎαžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
282. αž“αŸ…αž•αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€αž‚αŸ’αž›αžΈαž“αž·αž€αž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰ αž—αžΆαž–αžšαžΉαž„αŸ—αž“αŸƒαž›αž½αžŸ (stiffness of wire) αž‚αžΊαž‡αžΆαžαž½αž“αžΆαž‘αžΈαž“αŸƒαŸ–
Οƒ½ αž”αŸ’αžšαžœαŸ‚αž„αž“αŸƒαž…αŸ†αž“αŸ‚αž€αžαŸ’αžŸαŸ‚αž›αž½αžŸ
Οƒ½ αž”αž“αŸ’αž‘αžΆαžαŸ‹αž•αŸ’αž‡αž·αžαž“αŸƒαž…αŸ†αž“αŸ‚αž€αžαŸ’αžŸαŸ‚αž›αž½αžŸ
Οƒ½ αžŸαž˜αžΆαžŸαž—αžΆαž–αž“αŸƒαž›αŸ„αž αž’αžΆαžαž»αž•αŸ’αžŸαŸ†
ΟƒΎ αž…αŸ†αžŽαž»αž…αž‘αžΆαŸ†αž„αž’αžŸαŸ‹αžαžΆαž„αž›αžΎ
Οƒ½ αž‚αŸ’αž˜αžΆαž“αž…αž˜αŸ’αž›αžΎαž™αžŽαžΆαž˜αž½αž™αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
283. "αž€αžΆαžšαž‡αŸ’αžšαžΎαžŸαžšαžΎαžŸαž“αž·αž„αž…αŸ†αž“αž½αž“αž“αŸƒαž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰αž”αž„αŸ’αž‚αŸ„αž› (abutments) αžŸαŸ†αžšαžΆαž”αŸ‹ fixed partial denture αž‚αžΊαžœαžΆαžšαž„αž₯αž‘αŸ’αž’αž·αž–αž›αžŠαŸ„αž™αžŸαžΆαžšαŸ– 1. αž”αŸ’αžšαžœαŸ‚αž„αž€αŸ†αžŽαžΆαžαŸ‹αž“αŸƒfixed partial denture 2. αžŸαž˜αžΆαž˜αžΆαžαŸ’αžšαžšαžœαžΆαž„αžŠαžΎαž˜αž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰αž“αž·αž„αžšαžΉαžŸαž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰ (Crown-root ratio) αž“αŸƒ αž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰αž”αž„αŸ’αž‚αŸ„αž› 3. αž…αŸ†αž“αž½αž“αž“αŸƒαž•αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€αž‘αž”αŸ‹αž‘αŸ’αžšαž“αŸƒperiodontal αž“αŸƒ abutment 4. αž‘αžΈαžαžΆαŸ†αž„αž“αŸƒ abutment αž“αŸ…αž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„αž’αŸαž€αŸ’αžŸαž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰"
Οƒ½ (1) , (2) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (1) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (2) αž“αž·αž„ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
ΟƒΎ αž…αž˜αŸ’αž›αžΎαž™αž‘αžΆαŸ†αž„αž’αžŸαŸ‹αžαžΆαž„αž›αžΎαžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
284. αž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„αž€αžΆαžšαž’αŸ’αžœαžΎ complete denture αž‘αžΈαžαžΆαŸ†αž„αž“αŸƒαž€αžΆαžšαžŸαŸ†αžšαžΆαž€ physiologic (physiologic rest position) αŸ–
ΟƒΎ αž•αŸ’αžαž›αŸ‹αž’αŸ„αž™αž“αŸƒαž€αžΆαžšαž“αžΆαŸ†αžŠαžΎαž˜αŸ’αž”αžΈαž”αž“αŸ’αž€αžΎαž vertical dimension of occlusion
Οƒ½ αž€αŸ†αžŽαžαŸ‹αž“αžΌαžœαž€αŸ†αžšαž·αžαž“αŸƒ occlusal plane
Οƒ½ αž•αŸ’αžαž›αŸ‹αž’αŸ„αž™αž“αŸƒαž€αžΆαžšαž“αžΆαŸ†αžŸαŸ†αžšαžΆαž”αŸ‹αž€αžΆαžšαž‡αŸ’αžšαžΎαžŸαžšαžΎαžŸαž“αŸƒ cusp inclination
Οƒ½ αž€αŸ†αžŽαžαŸ‹αžšαžΌαž”αžšαžΆαž„αž“αŸƒ Compensating curve
Οƒ½ αž‚αžΊαžœαžΆαž˜αžΆαž“αž”αŸ’αžšαž™αŸ„αž‡αž“αŸαžŠαžΎαž˜αŸ’αž”αžΈαž€αŸ†αžŽαžαŸ‹αž“αŸƒ condylar inclination
285. αžšαŸ„αž‚αžŸαž‰αŸ’αž‰αžΆαž“αŸƒαžšαŸ„αž‚αžœαž·αž“αž·αž…αŸ’αž…αŸαž™αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž’αžΆαž…αž‘αž»αž€αž…αž·αžαŸ’αžαž”αžΆαž“αž“αŸƒαž€αžΆαžšαžšαž›αžΆαž€αž’αž‰αŸ’αž…αžΆαž‰αž‚αžΊαŸ–
Οƒ½ αžŸαž—αžΆαž–αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž’αžΆαž…αžšαž½αž‰αž”αžΆαž“αž“αŸƒαž’αž‰αŸ’αž…αžΆαž‰
Αž αžΎαž˜
ΟƒΎ αž€αžΆαžšαž αžΌαžšαžˆαžΆαž˜
Οƒ½ αžŠαŸ†αž”αŸ…αžŸαŸŠαžΈαžšαžΌαž„
Οƒ½ αž€αžΆαžšαž•αŸ’αž›αžΆαžŸαŸ‹αž”αŸ’αžαžΌαžšαž‘αŸ’αžšαž„αŸ‹αž‘αŸ’αžšαžΆαž™αž“αŸƒαž’αž‰αŸ’αž…αžΆαž‰
286. αž€αžΆαžšαžŸαŸ†αž’αžΆαžαž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰αžŠαŸ†αž”αžΌαž„αž“αž·αž„αž€αžΆαžšαžŽαŸ‚αž“αžΆαŸ†αž’αŸ„αž™αž˜αžΆαž“αž’αž“αžΆαž˜αŸαž™αž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„αž€αžΆαžšαž–αŸ’αž™αžΆαž”αžΆαž› periodontitis αž’αŸ„αž™αž•αž›αž‘αžΆαŸ†αž„αž’αžŸαŸ‹αžŠαžΌαž…αžαžΆαž„αž€αŸ’αžšαŸ„αž˜αž“αŸαŸ‡ αž›αžΎαž€αž›αŸ‚αž„αžαŸ‚ αŸ–
Οƒ½ αž€αžΆαžšαžšαžΌαž‰αž“αŸƒ pocket (pocket shrinkage)
Οƒ½ αž”αž“αŸ’αžαž™αž€αžΆαžšαž αžΌαžšαžˆαžΆαž˜αž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„αž€αŸ†αž‘αž»αž„αž–αŸαž›αžœαŸ‡αž€αžΆαžαŸ‹
Οƒ½ αž€αžΆαžšαžœαžΆαž™αžαŸ†αž›αŸƒαž‘αŸ…αž›αžΎαž€αžΆαžšαžŠαžΉαž„αž αŸαžαž»αž•αž›αž“αŸƒαž’αŸ’αž“αž€αž‡αž˜αŸ’αž„αžΊ
Οƒ½ αž†αžΆαž”αŸ‹αž‡αžΆαžŸαŸ‡αžŸαŸ’αž”αžΎαž™ αž”αž“αŸ’αž‘αžΆαž”αŸ‹αž–αžΈαž€αžΆαžšαžœαŸ‡αž€αžΆαžαŸ‹
ΟƒΎ αž€αŸ‚αžαŸ†αžšαžΌαžœαž€αžΆαžšαžšαŸ†αž€αž·αž›αž“αŸƒαž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰αžŠαŸ„αž™αžŸαžΆαžšαž‡αŸ†αž„αžΊ
287. αž”αž“αŸ’αž‘αžΆαž”αŸ‹αž–αžΈαž’αŸ’αžœαžΎ root planning αž“αž·αž„αžŽαŸ‚αž“αžΆαŸ†αž’αŸ„αž™αžŸαŸ†αž’αžΆαž plaque αž’αŸ’αž“αž€αž‡αž˜αŸ’αž„αžΊαž’αžΆαž™αž»αŸ’αŸ’αž†αŸ’αž“αžΆαŸ†αž“αŸ…αžαŸ‚αž”αž„αŸ’αž αžΆαž‰αž–αžΈαž’αž€αžΆαžšαŸˆαž αžΎαž˜αž˜αžΆαž“αžŸαž—αžΆαž–αž”αŸ‰αŸ„αž„αŸ—αž“αŸƒαž’αž‰αŸ’αž…αžΆαž‰αž“αž·αž„ edematous αžŠαŸ„αž™αž˜αžΆαž“ pocket αž‡αŸ†αžšαŸ… ៣ មម αž“αž·αž„ αŸ€αž‘αŸ… ៦មម αž“αŸƒ band of attached gingivaαŸ” αž€αžΆαžšαž–αŸ’αž™αžΆαž”αžΆαž›αžŠαŸαžŸαž˜αžšαž˜αŸ’αž™αž”αŸ†αž•αž»αžαž“αŸ„αŸ‡αž‚αžΊαŸ–
Οƒ½ an apically repositioned split thickness flap
Οƒ½ an apically repositioned full thickness flap
Οƒ½ αž€αžΆαžαŸ‹αž’αž‰αŸ’αž…αžΆαž‰αž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰
ΟƒΎ αž‡αŸ†αžšαž»αž‰αž’αŸ„αž™αž˜αžΆαž“αž€αžΆαžšαž’αž”αŸ‹αžšαŸ†αžαŸ’αžšαž½αžαž–αž·αž“αž·αžαŸ’αž™ plaque
Οƒ½ αž€αŸ‚αžαŸ†αžšαžΌαžœ occlusal
288. A syphilitic gumma αž‡αžΆαž’αž˜αŸ’αž˜αžαžΆ αž‚αŸαžƒαžΎαž‰αž˜αžΆαž“αž“αŸ…αž›αžΎαŸ–
Οƒ½ αž”αž”αžΌαžšαž˜αžΆαžαŸ‹
Οƒ½ αž’αžŽαŸ’αžαžΆαž
ΟƒΎ αž€αŸ’αžšαž’αžΌαž˜αž˜αžΆαžαŸ‹
Οƒ½ buccal mucosa
Αž’αž‰αŸ’αž…αžΆαž‰
289. "αž”αž“αŸ’αž‘αžΆαž”αŸ‹αž–αžΈαž”αžΆαžαŸ‹αž”αž„αŸ‹ αž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰αžŸαŸ’αžšαž»αž€αžαŸ’αž‚αžΆαž˜αž‘αžΈαŸ‘αž€αŸ’αžšαŸ„αž˜ αž“αŸ…αž’αžΆαž™αž»αŸ¨αž†αŸ’αž“αžΆαŸ†αŸ” αžαžΎαž˜αž½αž™αžŽαžΆαž“αŸƒαž€αžΆαžšαž•αŸ’αž›αžΆαžŸαŸ‹αž”αŸ’αžαžΌαžšαž‡αžΆαž”αž“αŸ’αžαž”αž“αŸ’αž‘αžΆαž”αŸ‹αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœαž”αžΆαž“αž€αžΎαžαž‘αžΎαž„αŸ– 1. αžšαŸ†αž€αž·αž›αž‘αŸ…αžαžΆαž„ distal αž“αŸƒαžαŸ’αž‚αžΆαž˜αžαžΌαž…αž‘αžΈαŸ’ 2. αž˜αž·αž“αž˜αžΆαž“αž…αž›αž“αžΆαž“αŸƒ αž“αŸƒαžαŸ’αž‚αžΆαž˜αžαžΌαž…αž‘αžΈαŸ’ 3. αžšαŸ†αž€αž·αž›αž‘αŸ…αžαžΆαž„ mesial αž“αŸƒαžαŸ’αž‚αžΆαž˜αž’αŸ†αž‘αžΈαŸ’ 4. αž˜αž·αž“αž˜αžΆαž“αž…αž›αž“αžΆαž“αŸƒ αž“αŸƒαžαŸ’αž‚αžΆαž˜αž’αŸ†αž‘αžΈαŸ’"
Οƒ½ (1) , (2) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
ΟƒΎ (1) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (2) αž“αž·αž„ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ αž…αž˜αŸ’αž›αžΎαž™αž‘αžΆαŸ†αž„αž’αžŸαŸ‹αžαžΆαž„αž›αžΎαžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
290. "αž˜αž½αž™αžŽαžΆαž“αŸƒαž›αž€αŸ’αžαžαžŽαŸ’αžŒαžαžΆαž„αž€αŸ’αžšαŸ„αž˜αž“αŸαŸ‡ αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž’αžΆαž…αž’αŸ’αžœαžΎαž’αŸ„αž™αž’αŸ’αž“αž€αž‡αž˜αŸ’αž„αžΊαžœαŸαž™αž…αŸ†αžŽαžΆαžŸαŸ‹ αž˜αžΆαž“αžŠαž„αŸ’αž αžΎαž˜αžαŸ’αž›αžΈ αž–αŸαž›αž˜αžΆαž“αž€αžΆαžšαžαŸ†αž”αŸ’αžšαžΉαž„αžαž·αž…αŸ—αŸ– 1. αžŸαŸ’αž›αŸαž€αžŸαŸ’αž›αžΆαŸ†αž„ 2. αžαŸ’αžŸαŸ„αž™αž”αŸαŸ‡αžŠαžΌαž„ 3. αž’αžΆαžαŸ‹ 4. αžšαž›αžΆαž€αž†αŸ’αž’αžΉαž„αžŸαž“αŸ’αž›αžΆαž€αŸ‹"
ΟƒΎ (1) , (2) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (1) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (2) αž“αž·αž„ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ αž…αž˜αŸ’αž›αžΎαž™αž‘αžΆαŸ†αž„αž’αžŸαŸ‹αžαžΆαž„αž›αžΎαžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
291. "αž˜αž½αž™αžŽαžΆαž“αŸƒαž€αŸ’αžšαž»αž˜αžαŸ’αž“αžΆαŸ†αžαžΆαž„αž€αŸ’αžšαŸ„αž˜αž“αŸαŸ‡αžŠαŸ‚αž› αž’αžΆαž…αž”αž„αŸ’αž€αžšαž’αŸ„αž™αžŸαŸ’αž„αž½αžαž˜αžΆαžαŸ‹ (exerostomia)αŸ– 1. αžαŸ’αž“αžΆαŸ†αž”αž‰αŸ’αž…αž»αŸ‡αž‘αžΉαž€αž“αŸ„αž˜ (Diuretics) 2. αžαŸ’αž“αžΆαŸ†αž•αŸ’αžŸαŸ‡ (Antibiotics) 3. αžαŸ’αž“αžΆαž˜ Antidepressants 4. αžαŸ’αž“αžΆαŸ† Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents"
Οƒ½ (1) , (2) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
ΟƒΎ (1) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (2) αž“αž·αž„ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ αž…αž˜αŸ’αž›αžΎαž™αž‘αžΆαŸ†αž„αž’αžŸαŸ‹αžαžΆαž„αž›αžΎαžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
292. "αž˜αž“αŸ’αž‘αžΈαžšαž–αž·αžŸαŸ„αž’αž“αŸαž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰αž”αž‰αŸ’αž‡αžΌαž“αžαŸ’αžšαž‘αž”αŸ‹αž˜αž€αž“αžΌαžœαž‚αŸ’αžšαŸ„αž„ (framework) removal partial denture αžŸαŸ†αžšαžΆαž”αŸ‹αž–αžΆαž€αŸ‹αžŠαŸ„αŸ‡αŸ” αž‚αŸ’αžšαŸ„αž„αž“αŸ„αŸ‡αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœαž›αŸ’αž’αž“αŸ…αž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„αž–αž»αž˜αŸ’αž– αžαŸ‚αž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„αž˜αžΆαžαŸ‹αž”αŸ‚αžšαž‡αžΆαž˜αž·αž“αž“αžΉαž„αž›αŸ’αž’αŸ” αž”αž‰αŸ’αž αžΆαžŠαŸ‚αž›αž€αžΎαžαž‘αžΎαž„αž“αŸ„αŸ‡αž‚αžΊαŸ– 1. αžœαŸ€αž…αž“αŸ…αž–αŸαž›αžαžΆαŸ†αž–αž»αž˜αŸ’αž–αž…αž»αž„αž€αŸ’αžšαŸ„αž™ 2. αžαŸ’αžœαŸ‡αžαžΆαžαž“αžΌαžœαž—αžΆαž–αž‡αžΆαž”αŸ‹ 3. αž…αžΆαž€αŸ‹αž–αž»αž˜αŸ’αž–αžαŸ…αž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„ master cast αž˜αž·αž“αž”αžΆαž“αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ 4. casting αž˜αžΆαž“αž”αž‰αŸ’αž αžΆ"
Οƒ½ (1) , (2) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
ΟƒΎ (1) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (2) αž“αž·αž„ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ αž…αž˜αŸ’αž›αžΎαž™αž‘αžΆαŸ†αž„αž’αžŸαŸ‹αžαžΆαž„αž›αžΎαžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
293. "αž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„αž€αŸ†αž‘αž»αž„αž–αŸαž›αž–αŸ’αž™αžΆαž”αžΆαž›αž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰, αž’αŸ’αž“αž€αž‡αž˜αŸ’αž„αžΊαž‘αžΉαž€αž“αŸ„αž˜αž•αŸ’αž’αŸ‚αž˜αž˜αžΆαž“αž’αžΆαž™αž»αŸ¦αŸ’αž†αŸ’αž“αžΆαŸ† αž—αŸ’αž›αžΆαž˜αŸ—αž“αŸ„αŸ‡αž‚αžΆαžαŸ‹αž˜αžΆαž“αž€αžΆαžšαžαŸ’αž’αžΌαž‰αžαŸ’αž’αŸ‚αžšαžŠαŸ„αž™αžˆαžΊαž“αŸ… crushing, retrosternal painαŸ”αž€αžΆαžšαž„αžΆαžšαžšαŸ€αž”αž…αŸ†αž“αŸαŸ‡αžŠαŸ†αž”αžΌαž„αž‚αž½αžšαžαŸ‚αž•αŸ’αž’αžΆαž€αž€αžΆαžšαž–αŸ’αž™αžΆαž”αžΆαž›αž“αž·αž„ αŸ– 1. αž”αŸ’αžšαžΎ nitroglycerin αž”αŸ€αž˜αž“αŸ…αž€αŸ’αžšαŸ„αž˜αž’αžŽαŸ’αžαžΆαž (sublingual nitroglycerin) 2. αž”αŸ’αžšαžΎ 100% oxygen 3. αžαŸ’αžšαž½αžαž–αž·αž“αž·αžαŸ’αžšαž’αŸ’αž“αž€αž‡αž˜αŸ’αž„αžΊ 4. αžŠαžΆαž€αŸ‹αžŸαŸαžšαžΌαž˜ dextrose 50% "
Οƒ½ (1) , (2) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (1) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
ΟƒΎ (2) αž“αž·αž„ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ αž…αž˜αŸ’αž›αžΎαž™αž‘αžΆαŸ†αž„αž’αžŸαŸ‹αžαžΆαž„αž›αžΎαžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
294. αž’αŸ’αž“αž€αž‡αž˜αŸ’αž„αžΊαž’αžΆαž™αž» αŸ§αŸ¨αž†αŸ’αž“αžΆαŸ† αž˜αžΆαž“αžšαŸ„αž‚αž–αž»αž€αž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰αž‡αžΆαž…αŸ’αžšαžΎαž“αž“αŸ…αž›αžΎαž•αŸ’αž‘αŸƒαž¬αžŸαž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰αž“αŸƒαž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰αžαŸ’αž‚αžΆαž˜αž›αžΎαžαžΆαž„αž€αŸ’αžšαŸ„αž™αŸ” ឝើmaterials αž’αŸ’αžœαžΈαžŠαŸ‚αž›αž‡αŸ’αžšαžΎαžŸαžšαžΎαžŸαž™αž€αž˜αž€αž”αŸ’αžšαžΎαŸ–
Οƒ½ A. Microfilled composite resin
Οƒ½ hybrid composite resin
Οƒ½ silver amalgam
ΟƒΎ glass ionomer cement
Οƒ½ reingorced zinc oxide αž“αž·αž„ eugenol cement
295. Koilonychia αž‚αžΊαŸ–
Οƒ½ bifid uvula
Οƒ½ auricular tags
Οƒ½ ankyloglossia
Οƒ½ mulberry molars
ΟƒΎ spoon-shaped (concave) nails
296. αž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰αž˜αž½αž™αžŽαžΆαž“αŸƒαžαžΆαž„αž€αŸ’αžšαŸ„αž˜ αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž”αŸ’αžšαžˆαž˜αžαŸ…αž“αžΉαž„αž€αžΆαžšαž”αžΆαž€αŸ‹αž«αžŸαž™αŸ‰αžΆαž„αž…αŸ’αžšαžΎαž“ αž”αžΎαžŸαž·αž“αž€αŸ†αž›αžΆαŸ†αž„αž”αž„αŸ’αžœαž·αž›αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœαž”αžΆαž“αž”αŸ’αžšαžΎαž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„αž€αŸ†αž‘αž»αž„αž–αŸαž›αžŠαž€αž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰αŸ–
Οƒ½ Upper canine
Οƒ½ Lower canine
ΟƒΎ Upper first bicuspid
Οƒ½ Lower first bicuspid
Οƒ½ Upper lateral incisor
297. αž–αŸαž›αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž…αŸαž‰αžœαŸαž‡αŸ’αž‡αž”αž‰αŸ’αž‡αžΆαž’αŸ„αž™ antibiotics αžŸαŸ†αžšαžΆαž”αŸ‹αž–αŸ’αž™αžΆαž”αžΆαž› αž€αžΆαžšαž”αž„αŸ’αž€αžšαžšαŸ„αž‚αž“αŸ…αž˜αž»αžαž“αž·αž„αž˜αžΆαžαŸ‹αžŠαž›αŸ‹αž’αŸ’αž“αž€αž‡αž˜αŸ’αž„αžΊαžœαŸαž™αž…αŸ†αžŽαžΆαžŸαŸ‹αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž˜αžΆαž“αžŸαž»αžαž—αžΆαž–αž˜αŸ’αž“αžΆαž€αŸ‹, αž€αŸ†αžšαž·αžαž“αž·αž„αžšαž™αŸˆαž–αŸαž›αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž”αŸ’αžšαžΎαžŸαŸ†αžšαžΆαž”αŸ‹αž˜αž“αž»αžŸαŸ’αžŸαž–αŸαž‰αžœαŸαž™αž˜αŸ’αž“αžΆαž€αŸ‹ αž‚αž½αžšαžαŸ‚αžŸαžšαžŸαŸαžšαž…αž»αŸ‡αž‘αŸ…αžαžΆαž˜ guideline αžαžΆαž„αž€αŸ’αžšαŸ„αž˜αž“αŸαŸ‡ αŸ–
Οƒ½ Dose αžαž™αž…αž»αŸ‡αž–αžΆαž€αŸ‹αž€αžŽαŸ’αžαžΆαž› αžαŸ‚αžšαž™αŸ‡αž–αŸαž›αž˜αž·αž“αž˜αžΆαž“αž€αžΆαžšαž•αŸ’αž›αžΆαžŸαŸ‹αž”αŸ’αžαžΌαžš
Οƒ½ Dose αžαž™αž…αž»αŸ‡αž˜αž½αž™αž—αžΆαž‚αž”αžΈ αžαŸ‚αžšαž™αŸ‡αž–αŸαž›αž˜αž·αž“αž˜αžΆαž“αž€αžΆαžšαž•αŸ’αž›αžΆαžŸαŸ‹αž”αŸ’αžαžΌαžš
Οƒ½ Dose αž˜αž·αž“αž˜αžΆαž“αž€αžΆαžšαž•αŸ’αž›αžΆαžŸαŸ‹αž”αŸ’αžαžΌαžš αž“αž·αž„αžšαž™αŸ‡αž–αŸαž›αž˜αž·αž“αž˜αžΆαž“αž€αžΆαžšαž•αŸ’αž›αžΆαžŸαŸ‹αž”αŸ’αžαžΌαžš
Οƒ½ Dose αž€αžΎαž“αž‘αžΎαž„αž˜αž½αž™αž—αžΆαž‚αž”αžΈ αž“αž·αž„αžšαž™αŸ‡αž–αŸαž›αž˜αž·αž“αž˜αžΆαž“αž€αžΆαžšαž•αŸ’αž›αžΆαžŸαŸ‹αž”αŸ’αžαžΌαžš
ΟƒΎ Dose αž˜αž·αž“αž˜αžΆαž“αž€αžΆαžšαž•αŸ’αž›αžΆαžŸαŸ‹αž”αŸ’αžαžΌαžš αž“αž·αž„αžšαž™αŸ‡αž–αŸαž›αžœαŸ‚αž„αž‡αžΆαž„αž˜αž½αž™αž—αžΆαž‚αž–αžΈαžš
298. "αž€αŸ’αž˜αŸαž„αž’αžΆαž™αž»αŸ¨αž†αŸ’αž“αžΆαŸ†αž˜αžΆαž“ central diastema αŸ¨αž˜αž˜αŸ” αž˜αžΌαž›αž αŸαžαž»αž’αžΆαž…αžšαž½αž˜αž˜αžΆαž“αŸ– 1. frenum 2. cyst 3. mesiodens 4. αžœαžΆαž›αžΌαžαž›αžΆαžŸαŸ‹αž’αž˜αŸ’αž˜αžαžΆ"
ΟƒΎ (1) , (2) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (1) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (2) αž“αž·αž„ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ αž…αž˜αŸ’αž›αžΎαž™αž‘αžΆαŸ†αž„αž’αžŸαŸ‹αžαžΆαž„αž›αžΎαžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
299. αž—αžΆαž–αž‘αžΆαž€αŸ‹αž‘αž„αž‚αŸ’αž“αžΆαž‡αžΆαžŠαŸ†αžŽαžΆαž€αŸ‹αž€αžΆαž›αž“αŸƒ mesial αžšαž”αžŸαŸ‹ the primary second molars αž“αžΉαž„αž•αž›αž“αŸ…αž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„αŸ–
Οƒ½ αž”αžΆαžαŸ‹αž”αž„αŸ‹αž”αŸ’αžšαžœαŸ‚αž„αž’αŸαž€αŸ’αžŸ αž“αŸ…αžαŸ’αž‚αžΆαž˜αž€αŸ’αžšαŸ„αž˜ (loss of arch length in the mandible)
Οƒ½ Class II dental occlusion
Οƒ½ ectopic eruption of permanent first molars
ΟƒΎ Class I or Class III molar relationship
Οƒ½ αž€αžΆαžšαž›αžΌαžαž›αžΆαžŸαŸ‹αž€αžΎαž“αž‘αžΎαž„αž“αŸ…αž•αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€αžαžΆαž„αž˜αž»αžαž“αŸƒ mandible
300. A Class II Division I malocclusion αž’αžΆαž…αž‚αŸ’αž“αžΆαž–αžΈ a Class II Division II malocclusion αžŠαŸ„αž™αž•αŸ’αž’αŸ‚αž€αž‘αŸ…αž›αžΎαŸ–
Οƒ½ αž‘αŸ†αž“αžΆαž€αŸ‹αž‘αŸ†αž“αž„αž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰αžαŸ’αž‚αžΆαž˜αž’αŸ† (molar relationship)
Οƒ½ αž—αžΆαž–αž’αŸ’αž„αž“αŸ‹αž’αŸ’αž„αžšαž“αŸƒ the Class II malocclusion
Οƒ½ αž‘αŸ†αž αŸ†αž“αŸƒ overbite
ΟƒΎ αž—αžΆαž–αž‘αŸαžšαž“αŸƒ maxillary incisors
Οƒ½ αž‘αŸ†αž αŸ†αž“αŸƒ crowding αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž˜αžΆαž“
301. αž˜αž½αž™αžŽαžΆαž“αŸƒαžαžΆαž„αž€αŸ’αžšαŸ„αž˜αž“αŸαŸ‡αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž˜αž·αž“αžšαžΆαž”αŸ‹αž”αž‰αŸ’αž…αžΌαž›αž“αŸƒαžšαŸ„αž‚αžœαž·αž“αž·αž…αŸ’αž†αŸαž™ acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (ANUG) αŸ–
Οƒ½ αž€αžΆαžšαž αžΌαžšαžˆαžΆαž˜αž–αžΈαž’αž‰αŸ’αž…αžΆαž‰
Οƒ½ papillae αž˜αžΆαž“αž”αŸ’αžšαž αŸ„αž„αŸ—αž“αž·αž„αžŸαŸ†αžŽαž€αžŠαŸ‚αž›αžšαž›αž½αž™
Οƒ½ Fetor oris
Οƒ½ Metallic taste
ΟƒΎ Periodontal pocketing
302. "αž›αž€αŸ’αžαžŽαŸˆαž‚αžΈαŸ’αž›αž“αžΈαž€αž‡αžΆαž‘αžΌαž‘αŸ…αž”αŸ†αž•αž»αžαž“αŸƒ buccolingual functional crossbite αž‚αžΊαŸ– 1.mandibular αžšαŸ†αž€αž·αž›αž–αžΈ αž€αžΆαžšαž”αŸ‰αŸ‡αžŠαŸ†αž”αžΌαž„ (initial contact) αž‘αŸ… maximum intercuspation 2. αž’αž€αŸ’αžŸαž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰αž’αžαŸ‹αžŸαŸŠαžΈαž˜αŸαž‘αŸ’αžšαžΈ 3. αž”αž“αŸ’αž‘αžΆαžαŸ‹αž€αžŽαŸ’αžαžΆαž›αžœαŸ€αž… (midline deviation) 4. αž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰αž”αžΆαžαŸ‹αž”αž„αŸ‹αž‡αžΆαž…αŸ’αžšαžΎαž“ (several missing teeth)"
ΟƒΎ (1) , (2) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (1) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (2) αž“αž·αž„ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ αž…αž˜αŸ’αž›αžΎαž™αž‘αžΆαŸ†αž„αž’αžŸαŸ‹αžαžΆαž„αž›αžΎαžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
303. αž˜αž½αž™αžŽαžΆαž“αŸƒαžαžΆαž„αž€αŸ’αžšαŸ„αž˜αž“αŸαŸ‡αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž˜αž·αž“αž…αžΌαž›αžšαž½αž˜αž‡αžΆαž˜αž½αž™αž“αžΉαž„ infectious mononucleosis:
Pharyngitis
Lymphadenopathy
Οƒ½ Petechiae of the palate
ΟƒΎ Gingival enlargement
Fatigue
304. αžŸαŸ’αžαŸαžšαž—αžΆαž–αžšαž™αŸˆαž–αŸαž›αž™αžΌαžšαž“αŸƒαž€αžΆαžšαž–αžαŸ‹αžαŸ†αžšαž„αŸ‹αž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰ orthodontic correction αž€αžšαžŽαžΈ deep anterior overbite αž˜αžΆαž“αž—αžΆαž–αž”αŸ’αžšαžŸαžΎαžšαž‡αžΆαž„αŸ–
Οƒ½ αž€αŸ’αž˜αŸαž„αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž€αŸ†αž–αž»αž„αž›αžΌαžαž”αŸ’αžšαŸ€αž”αž’αŸ€αž”αž‘αŸ…αž“αžΉαž„αž™αž»αžœαžœαŸαž™
Οƒ½ αž–αŸαž›αž€αŸ‚αžαŸ†αžšαž„αŸ‹ αž‚αžΊαžŸαž˜αŸ’αžšαŸαž…αž”αžΆαž“αžŠαŸ„αž™ protrusion αž“αž·αž„ intrusion αž“αŸƒαž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰αž€αŸ’αžšαŸ„αž˜αžαžΆαž„αž˜αž»αž
Οƒ½ αž–αŸαž›αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž˜αž»αŸ† interincisal αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž‘αžΆαž”αž‚αžΊαžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœαž”αžΆαž“αž‚αŸαž”αž„αŸ’αž€αžΎαžαž”αžΆαž“αž αžΎαž™ αžœαžΆαž‡αžΆαž›αž‘αŸ’αž’αž•αž›αž“αŸƒαž€αžΆαžšαž–αž»αžαžαŸ†αžšαž„αŸ‹αž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰
ΟƒΎ αž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„αž–αŸαž›αžŠαŸ‚αž› non-extraction case αž‘αž›αŸ‹αž“αž·αž„ extraction cases
Οƒ½ αž…αŸ†αž–αŸ„αŸ‡αž’αŸ’αž“αž€αž‡αž˜αŸ’αž„αžΊαžŠαŸ‚αž›αž˜αžΆαž“ mandibular plane angle αžαŸ’αž–αžŸαŸ‹
305. "αž”αžΎαž˜αž“αž»αžŸαŸ’αžŸαž’αŸ’αž›αžΆαž€αŸ‹αž–αžΈαž›αžΎαž€αž„αŸ‹ αž…αž„αŸ’αž€αžΆαž‘αžΎαž„αžšαž½αž‰, αž‘αŸ†αž“αž„αž‡αžΆαž€αž“αŸ’αž›αŸ‚αž„αž“αŸƒαž†αŸ’αž’αžΉαž„αžαŸ’αž‚αžΆαž˜αž€αŸ’αžšαŸ„αž˜ αž”αžΆαž“αž”αžΆαž€αŸ‹αŸ– 1. Symphysis 2. Condylar necks 3. Mid-body 4. Angles of the mandible
Οƒ½ (1) , (2) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (1) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (2) αž“αž·αž„ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
ΟƒΎ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ αž…αž˜αŸ’αž›αžΎαž™αž‘αžΆαŸ†αž„αž’αžŸαŸ‹αžαžΆαž„αž›αžΎαžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
306. αž“αŸ…αž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„αž…αžΆαž€αŸ‹αž‘αŸ…αž›αžΎ inferior alveolar nerve block trimus αž’αžΆαž…αž€αžΎαžαž˜αžΆαž“αž‘αžΎαž„αž”αžΎαžŸαž·αž“αž‡αžΆαž˜αŸ’αž‡αž»αž›αž‡αŸ’αžšαŸ€αžαž…αžΌαž›αž‘αŸ…αž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„ αŸ–
Οƒ½ superior constrictor muscle lateral to the pterygomandibular raphe
Οƒ½ buccinator muscle lateral to the pterygomandibular raphe
Οƒ½ superior constrictor muscle medial to the pterygomandibular raphe
Οƒ½ buccinator muscle mesdial to the pterygomandibular raphe
Οƒ½ internal pterygoid muscle
307. Proximal contact αž…αŸ†αž αžš αž–αŸαž›αž’αŸ’αžœαžΎαž€αžΆαžšαž”αŸ‰αŸ‡ amalgam αžœαžΆαž’αžΆαž…αž”αžŽαŸ’αžαžΆαž›αž˜αž€αž–αžΈαŸ– 1. αžˆαžΎαžŸαŸ€αžαž˜αž·αž“αž–αŸαž‰αž›αŸαž‰ (inadequate wedging) 2. រិឝ matrix band αžαžΉαž„αž–αŸαž€ (overtightening the matrix band) 3. αž€αŸ†αž›αžΆαŸ†αž„αž”αž„αŸ’αž αžΆαž”αŸ‹αž˜αž·αž“αž‚αŸ’αžšαž”αŸ‹αž‚αŸ’αžšαžΆαž“αŸ‹ (inadequate condensing forces) 4. αž€αžΆαžšαžŠαžΆαž€αŸ‹αž‡αŸ†αž“αž½αžŸαžŠαŸ‚αž›αž’αŸ’αžœαžΎαž‘αžΎαž„αžŠαŸ†αžŽαžΆαž›αž‚αŸ’αž“αžΆαž“αŸƒ proximal restorations αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž“αŸ…αž‡αž·αžαžαžΆαž„
ΟƒΎ (1) , (2) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (1) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (2) αž“αž·αž„ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ αž…αž˜αŸ’αž›αžΎαž™αž‘αžΆαŸ†αž„αž’αžŸαŸ‹αžαžΆαž„αž›αžΎαžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
308. "αž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰αž’αŸ’αž‚αžΆαž˜αž‘αžΉαž€αžŠαŸ„αŸ‡αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž•αŸ’αžŸαžΆαž‡αžΆαž”αŸ‹αž“αžΉαž„αž†αŸ’αž’αžΉαž„ (An ankylosed primary molar) αž’αžΆαž…αž”αžŽαŸ’αžαžΆαž›αž˜αž€αž–αžΈαŸ– 1. αž–αž“αŸ’αž™αžΆαž–αŸαž›αž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„αž€αžΆαžšαžŠαž»αŸ‡αž“αŸƒαž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰ 2. αž”αŸ’αžšαŸ‚αž”αŸ’αžšαž½αž›αž€αŸ†αžŽαŸ„αž„αž’αŸαž€αŸ’αžŸαž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰ 3. αž–αž·αž”αžΆαž€αž“αžΉαž„αž€αžΆαžšαžŠαž€αž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰ 4. αžŠαž»αŸ‡αž›αžΌαžαž αž½αžŸαž“αŸƒ αž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰αž‘αž›αŸ‹αž‚αŸ’αž“αžΆ"
Οƒ½ (1) , (2) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (1) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (2) αž“αž·αž„ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
ΟƒΎ αž…αž˜αŸ’αž›αžΎαž™αž‘αžΆαŸ†αž„αž’αžŸαŸ‹αžαžΆαž„αž›αžΎαžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
309. αž’αŸ’αž“αž€αž‡αž˜αŸ’αž„αžΊαžŠαŸ‚αž›αž˜αžΆαž“αžŠαŸ†αž”αŸ… ulcere αž”αŸ’αžšαžœαŸ‚αž„ ៣ សម αž“αŸ…αž›αžΎαž•αŸ’αž‘αŸƒαž‚αŸ‚αž˜αžαžΆαž„αž“αŸƒαž’αžŽαŸ’αžαžΆαž αž αžΎαž™αž’αŸ’αž“αž€αž“αžΉαž„αŸ–
Οƒ½ αž€αžΆαžαŸ‹αž‡αžΆαžŠαŸ†αž”αŸ…αž“αŸ„αŸ‡αž…αŸαž‰αž‘αžΆαŸ†αž„αž˜αžΌαž›
Οƒ½ αž˜αž·αž“αž’αŸ’αžœαžΎαž’αŸ’αžœαžΈαž‘αžΆαŸ†αž„αž’αžŸαŸ‹αž‘αžΆαž›αŸ‹αžαŸ‚αžŠαŸ†αž”αŸ…αž“αŸ„αŸ‡αž‡αžΆ
ΟƒΎ αžαžΆαž˜αžŸαž„αŸ’αž€αŸαžαž˜αžΎαž›αžšαž™αŸˆαž–αŸαž› αŸ‘αŸ€αžαŸ’αž„αŸƒ αžŸαž·αž“αž€αŸ’αžšαŸ‚αž„αžŠαŸ†αž”αŸ…αž“αŸ„αŸ‡αž‡αžΆ
Οƒ½ αž™αž€ αžšαŸ†αž’αž·αž› αž‘αŸ…αž’αŸ’αžœαžΎ cytologic examination
Οƒ½ αž…αžΆαžαŸ‹αž…αŸ‚αž„αž’αŸ’αžœαžΎαž€αžΆαžšαžœαŸ‡αž€αžΆαžαŸ‹αž™αž€αž‘αŸ…αž’αŸ’αžœαžΎ biopsy
310. αžŠαŸ†αž”αŸ…αž–αžŽαŸŒαžŸ αžƒαŸ’αž›αžΆαžαŸ—αž–αžΈαž‚αŸ’αž“αžΆ ្cm αž“αŸ…αž›αžΎ buccal mucosa αž˜αž·αž“αž’αžΆαž…αžŠαŸ„αŸ‡αžŸαŸ’αžšαžΆαž™αž”αžΆαž“αžŠαŸ„αž™αž˜αžΆαž“αž€αžΆαžšαžšαž›αžΆαž€αžšαŸ„αž›αžšαžΆαž›αž“αŸ…αž“αžΉαž„αž€αž“αŸ’αž›αŸ‚αž„αŸ” αž€αžΆαžšαž‚αŸ’αžšαž”αŸ‹αž‚αŸ’αžšαž„αžŠαŸαžŸαž˜αžšαž˜αŸ’αž™αž”αŸ†αž•αž»αžαž“αŸ„αŸ‡αž‚αžΊ αŸ–
Οƒ½ αž–αŸ’αž™αžΆαž”αžΆαž›αžŠαŸ„αž™αžŠαž»αžαžœαžΆ
Οƒ½ αž›αžΆαž” toluidine blue staining
ΟƒΎ αž’αž“αž»αžœαžαŸ’αžαž€αžΆαžšαž€αžΆαžαŸ‹αž™αž€αž‘αŸ…αž’αŸ’αžœαžΎ biopsy
Οƒ½ αž–αž·αž“αž·αžαŸ’αžšαž‘αžΎαž„αžœαž·αž‰αžšαžΆαž›αŸ‹ αŸ¦αžαŸ‚ αž˜αŸ’αžαž„
Οƒ½ αž”αž‰αŸ’αž…αžΌαž“αž’αŸ’αž“αž€αž‡αŸ†αž„αžΊαž‘αŸ…αž‚αŸ’αžšαžΌαž–αŸαž‘αŸ’αž™αž”αŸ’αžšαž…αžΆαŸ†αž‚αŸ’αžšαž½αžŸαžΆαžš
311. "αž”αŸ’αžšαž™αŸ„αž‚αžαžΆαž„αž€αŸ’αžšαŸ„αž˜αž“αŸαŸ‡αž˜αž½αž™αžŽαžΆαžŠαŸ‚αž›αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœαž…αŸ†αž–αŸ„αŸ‡ light curing αž“αŸƒ composite resin αŸ– 1. αž…αž»αž„αžšαž”αžŸαŸ‹ light cure αž‚αž½αžšαžαŸ‚αž“αŸ…αž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„αž…αž“αŸ’αž›αŸ„αŸ‡αŸ’αž˜αž˜αž‘αŸ…αž“αžΉαž„composite 2. intensity αž“αŸƒ light cure αž‚αžΊαžœαžΆαžŸαž˜αžΆαž˜αžΆαžαŸ’αžšαž”αŸ’αžšαž…αžΆαŸ’αžšαžŸαž‘αŸ…αž“αžΉαž„αž…αŸ†αž„αžΆαž™αž–αžΈcomposite 3. αž–αžŽαŸŒαžŠαŸ‚αž›αž€αžΆαž“αŸ‹αžαŸ‚αž…αžΆαžŸαŸ‹αž“αŸƒcomposite αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœαž€αžΆαžšαž”αžΆαž‰αŸ‹ light curing αž€αžΆαž“αŸ‹αžαŸ‚αž™αžΌαžš 4. Curing αž“αŸƒ composite resin αž˜αž·αž“αž’αžΆαž…αž€αžΎαžαž‘αžΎαž„αžŠαŸ„αž™αž†αŸ’αž›αž„αž€αžΆαžαŸ‹ enamel
ΟƒΎ (1) , (2) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (1) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (2) αž“αž·αž„ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ αž…αž˜αŸ’αž›αžΎαž™αž‘αžΆαŸ†αž„αž’αžŸαŸ‹αžαžΆαž„αž›αžΎαžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
312. αž’αžαŸ’αžšαžΆαž”αžΆαžαŸ‹αž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰αžŠαŸ„αž™αžŸαžΆαžšαž‡αž˜αŸ’αž„αžΊαž’αž‰αŸ’αž…αžΆαž‰αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž˜αžΆαž“αž€αŸ†αžšαž·αžαžαŸ’αž–αžŸαŸ‹αž”αŸ†αž•αž»αžαž…αŸ†αž–αŸ„αŸ‡ αŸ–
Οƒ½ maxillary molars
Οƒ½ maxillary premolars
ΟƒΎ mandibular incisors
Οƒ½ mandibular premolars
Οƒ½ mandibular molars
313. "αž§αž”αž€αžšαžŽαŸαžαžΆαŸ†αž–αž»αž˜αŸ’αž–αžαžΆαž„αž€αŸ’αžšαŸ„αž˜αž“αŸαŸ‡αž˜αž½αž™αžŽαžΆαžŠαŸ‚αž›αž’αžΆαž…αž‘αž»αž€αž”αžΆαž“αž™αžΌαžšαž‡αžΆαž„ αŸ’αŸ€αž˜αŸ‰αŸ„αž„,αž αžΎαž™αž™αž€αž‘αŸ…αž…αžΆαž€αŸ‹αž–αž»αž˜αŸ’αž–αž”αžΆαž“αž‡αžΆ model αž›αŸ’αž’αžŸαž˜αžšαž˜αŸ’αž™αž”αžΆαž“αŸ–
Polysulfide
Οƒ½ Condensation reaction silicone
Οƒ½ Reversible hydrocolloid
ΟƒΎ Addition reaction silicone (polyvinylsiloxane)
Οƒ½ Irreversible hydrocolloid
314. αžŸαŸ’αžšαžΈαŸ’αžαž’αžΆαž™αž» αŸ£αŸ’αž†αŸ’αž“αžΆαŸ† αž˜αŸ’αž“αžΆαž€αŸ‹αž”αžΆαž“αžαŸ’αž’αžΌαž‰αžαŸ’αž’αŸ‚αžšαžαžΆαž˜αžΆαž“αž‡αž˜αŸ’αž„αžΊαž‚αŸ’αžšαž»αž“ αžŸαŸ’αžšαž€αž‘αŸ†αž„αž“αŸ‹αž“αž·αž„αž›αŸ’αž’αž·αžαž›αŸ’αž’αžΎαž™αžŠαŸƒαž‡αžΎαž„αŸ” αž‚αžΆαžαŸ‹αž˜αžΆαž“αž€αžΆαžšαž…αŸαž‰αž€αž“αŸ’αž‘αž½αž›αž“αŸ…αž˜αŸ’αžαž»αŸ†αžαŸ’αž–αžΆαž›αŸ‹ αž“αž·αž„αž…αŸ’αžšαž˜αž»αŸ‡ αž–αŸ’αžšαž˜αž‘αžΆαŸ†αž„αž˜αžΆαž“αžŠαŸ†αž”αŸ…ulcere αž˜αžΆαž“αžšαžΆαž„αž˜αž·αž“αž’αž˜αŸ’αž˜αžαžΆαžαŸ’αž›αŸ‡αž“αŸ…αž›αžΎ buccal mucosa αŸ” αž€αžΆαžšαžœαž·αž“αž·αž…αŸ’αž†αŸαž™αž“αŸαŸ‡αž—αžΆαž‚αž…αŸ’αžšαžΎαž“αž‚αžΊαŸ–
Οƒ½ lichen planus
Οƒ½ lupus erythematosus
Οƒ½ erythema multiforme
Οƒ½ bullous pemphigoid
Pemphigus
315. αž’αŸ’αž“αž€αž‡αž˜αŸ’αž„αžΊαž’αžΆαž™αž» ៦αŸ₯αž†αŸ’αž“αžΆαŸ† αž˜αžΆαž“αž‘αŸ†αž“αŸ„αžšαž‘αŸ…αžšαž€αž‡αž˜αŸ’αž„αžΊαž‚αŸ’αžšαž½αžŸαž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„αžαŸ†αžšαž„αŸ‹αž“αŸ„αž˜αŸ” αž–αž·αž“αž·αžαŸ’αž™αžαžΆαž˜ αž αŸ’αžœαž·αž›αžαžαž“αŸƒ maxillae αž”αžΆαž“αž”αž„αŸ’αž αžΆαž‰αžαžΆ αž”αžΆαžαŸ‹αž”αž„αŸ‹αž‡αžΆαž‘αžΌαž‘αŸ…αž“αŸƒ lamina dura αž“αž·αž„ “groud glass” αž“αŸƒαž†αŸ’αž’αžΉαž„αŸ” αžšαŸ„αž‚αžœαž·αž“αž·αž…αŸ’αž†αŸαž™αž“αŸαŸ‡αž‚αžΊαž‡αžΆαž’αŸ’αžœαžΈ?
Hyperthyroidism
Οƒ½ Addison’s disease
Hypothyroidism
Hyperparathyroidism
Hypoparathyroidism
316. αžŸαŸ’αžšαŸ’αžαžΈαž’αžΆαž™αž» αŸ£αŸ§αž†αŸ’αž“αžΆαŸ† αž˜αŸ’αž“αžΆαž€αŸ‹αž˜αžΆαž“αž‘αŸ†αž›αžΆαž”αŸ‹αž–αŸ’αž™αžΆαž”αžΆαž›αž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰αžŠαžΌαž…αž’αž˜αŸ’αž˜αžαžΆαŸ” αž‚αžΆαžαŸ‹αž˜αžΆαž“αžŠαŸ†αž“αžΎαžš αž‰αžšαŸαŸ— , αž‰αŸαžšαž‘αŸ’αžšαžΌαž„ αž αžΎαž™αž˜αžΆαž“αž”αŸ‚αž€αž‰αžΎαžŸαžαŸ’αž›αžΆαŸ†αž„αŸ” αžŸαŸ’αž”αŸ‚αž€αžšαž”αžŸαŸ‹αž‚αžΆαžαŸ‹ αž‚αžΊαžšαž›αŸ„αž„αž αžΎαž™ αž€αŸ’αžαŸ…αžŸαŸ’αž‘αž·αž‰αŸ—αž‡αžΆαž“αž·αž…αŸ’αž…αŸ” αž‚αžΆαžαŸ‹αžαŸ’αž’αžΌαž‰αžαŸ’αž’αŸ‚αžšαžαžΆ αžŸαŸ’αžšαž€αž‘αž˜αŸ’αž„αž“αŸ‹ αž αžΎαž™αžšαžΆαž‚αž‘αŸ€αžαŸ” αžαžΎαžšαŸ„αž‚αžœαž·αž“αž·αž…αŸ’αž†αŸαž™αž“αŸαŸ‡αž‚αžΊαž‡αžΆαž’αŸ’αžœαžΈ?
Hyperparathyroidism
Οƒ½ Viral hepatitis
Hyperthyroidism
Οƒ½ Crohn’s disease
Οƒ½ Iron deficiency anemia
317. αž€αžΆαžšαž™αž€αžšαŸ†αž’αž·αž›αž‘αŸ…αž–αž·αž“αž·αžαŸ’αž™ (cytologic smear) αž‚αžΊαž˜αžΆαž“αž”αŸ’αžšαž™αŸ„αž‡αž“αŸαžŽαžΆαžŸαŸ‹αž…αŸ†αž–αŸ„αŸ‡αŸ–
ΟƒΎ αž”αž‰αŸ’αž…αžΆαž€αŸ‹αžšαŸ„αž‚αžœαž·αž“αž·αž…αŸ’αž†αŸαž™αž“αŸƒ candidiasis
Οƒ½ αžŸαŸ’αž‚αžΆαž›αŸ‹αž…αŸ’αž”αžΆαžŸαŸ‹αžšαžœαžΆαž„ herpes zoster αž–αžΈ herpes simplex
Οƒ½ αž”αžŽαŸ’αžαž»αŸ‡ viruses
Οƒ½ αž”αžŽαŸ’αžαž»αŸ‡ fungi
Οƒ½ αžšαž€αžœαž·αž“αž·αž…αŸ’αž†αŸαž™αžšαŸ„αž‚ squamous cell carcinoma
318. "Epstein-Barr virus αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœαž”αžΆαž“αž…αžΌαž›αžšαž½αž˜αž‡αžΆαž˜αž½αž™αž“αžΉαž„αž˜αž½αž™αžŽαžΆαž“αŸƒαž“αŸ…αžαžΆαž„αž€αŸ’αžšαŸ„αž˜αž“αŸαŸ‡αŸ– 1. Shingles 2. Oral hairy leukolakia 3. Chickenpox 4. Infectious mononucleosis"
Οƒ½ (1) , (2) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (1) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
ΟƒΎ (2) αž“αž·αž„ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ αž…αž˜αŸ’αž›αžΎαž™αž‘αžΆαŸ†αž„αž’αžŸαŸ‹αžαžΆαž„αž›αžΎαžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
319. αž˜αž½αž™αžŽαžΆαž“αŸƒαžαžΆαž„αž€αŸ’αžšαŸ„αž˜αž“αŸαŸ‡ αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž’αžΆαž…αž‡αžΆαž•αž›αžœαž·αž”αžΆαž€αž“αŸ…αž–αŸαž›αž’αŸ’αžœαžΎαž€αžΆαžšαžŠαž€αž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰αž‘αŸ…αž›αžΎαž’αŸ’αž“αž€αž‡αž˜αŸ’αž„αžΊαž‘αžΉαž€αž“αŸ„αž˜αž•αŸ’αž’αŸ‚αž˜ (an insulin-dependent diabetic) ?
Οƒ½ Diabetic acidosis
Οƒ½ αž€αžΆαžšαž αžΌαžšαžˆαžΆαž˜αž…αŸ’αžšαžΎαž“
ΟƒΎ αžŸαž“αŸ’αž›αž”αŸ‹αžŠαŸ„αž™αžŸαžΆαžš Hypoglycemic
Οƒ½ αž’αŸ’αžœαžΎ anesthesia αž’αžαŸ‹αž”αžΆαž“αž›αŸ’αž’αž–αŸαž‰αž›αŸαž‰
Οƒ½ Acute adrenocortiacal insufficiency
320. αž’αŸ’αž“αž€αž‡αž˜αŸ’αž„αžΊαž’αžΆαž™αž» αŸ¦αŸ αž†αŸ’αž“αžΆαŸ† αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž˜αžΆαž“αž€αžΆαžšαžŸαžΉαž€αžŠαžΆαž…αŸ‹αž•αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€ lingual αž“αŸƒαž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰αž˜αž»αžαžαžΆαž„αž›αžΎαŸ” αžœαžΆαž—αžΆαž‚αž…αŸ’αžšαžΎαž“αž”αžŽαŸ’αžαžΆαž›αž˜αž€αž–αžΈαŸ–
ΟƒΎ αž•αžΉαž€αžŸαŸ’αžšαžΆ (alcoholism)
Οƒ½ ulcerative colitis
Οƒ½ diabetes mellitus
Οƒ½ mitral valve prolapse
Οƒ½ rheumatoid arthritis
321. "αžŸαŸ’αžšαŸ’αžαžΈαž’αŸ’αž“αž€αž‡αž˜αŸ’αž„αžΊαž’αžΆαž™αž» αŸ’αŸ αž†αŸ’αž“αžΆαŸ† αžŸαž„αŸ’αžŸαŸαž™αžαžΆαž˜αžΆαž“αž‡αŸ†αž„αžΊαž αžΌαž”αž…αŸ’αžšαžΎαž“ (bulimia) αŸ” αžšαŸ„αž‚αžŸαž‰αŸ’αž‰αžΆαžαžΆαž„αž€αŸ’αžšαŸ„αž˜αž“αŸαŸ‡αž˜αž½αž™αžŽαžΆαžŠαŸ‚αž›αž“αžΉαž„αž‡αž½αž™αž”αž‰αŸ’αž‡αžΆαž€αŸ‹αž–αžΈαžšαŸ„αž‚αžœαž·αž“αž·αž…αŸ’αž†αŸαž™ αŸ– 1. αžŸαžΉαž€ enamel αž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰αž˜αž»αžαžαžΆαž„αž›αžΎ 2. αžšαžΈαž€αž’αŸ†αž“αŸƒαž€αŸ’αžšαž–αŸαž‰ thyroid gland 3. αžŸαŸ’αž”αŸ‚αž€αž€αŸ’αžšαž·αž“αž“αŸ…αž›αžΎαžαŸ’αž“αž„αž“αŸƒαž˜αŸ’αžšαžΆαž˜αžŠαŸƒ 4. αžαŸ„αž’αžΆαžœαžšαž›αž»αž„αž”αž‰αŸ’αž‡αžΆαž€αŸ‹αž–αžΈαž€αžΆαžšαž…αž»αŸ‡αž‘αŸ†αž„αž“αŸ‹"
Οƒ½ (1) , (2) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (1) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (2) αž“αž·αž„ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
ΟƒΎ αž…αž˜αŸ’αž›αžΎαž™αž‘αžΆαŸ†αž„αž’αžŸαŸ‹αžαžΆαž„αž›αžΎαžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
322. αž“αŸ…αž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„ peripheral nerve αžŠαžΌαž…αž‡αžΆ trigeminal, unmyelinated C type fibres αž“αžΆαŸ†αž‘αŸ…αžšαž€αŸ–
Οƒ½ αž–αžαŸŒαž˜αžΆαž“αž“αŸƒαžŠαž»αŸ†αžšαž”αžŸαŸ‹αžŸαžΆαž…αŸ‹αžŠαž»αŸ† (muscle spindle information)
Οƒ½ reflexes αžŠαžΌαž…αž‡αžΆ the jaw jerk reflex
ΟƒΎ αž–αžαŸŒαž˜αžΆαž“αž“αŸƒ tendon organ (tendon organ information)
Οƒ½ αž–αžαŸŒαž˜αžΆαž“αž“αŸƒαž€αžΆαžšαžˆαžΊαž…αžΆαž”αŸ‹αžšαžΆαŸ†αžšαŸƒ (chronic pain information)
Οƒ½ reflexes such as the jaw opening reflex
323. "αžšαŸ„αž‚αž˜αž½αž™αžŽαžΆαž“αŸƒαžαžΆαž„αž€αŸ’αžšαŸ„αž˜ αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž˜αž·αž“αž˜αžΆαž“αž›αž€αŸ’αžαžŽαŸˆαž–αž·αžŸαŸαžŸαž‡αžΆαž˜αž»αž“αž…αŸ†αž–αŸ„αŸ‡αž‡αž˜αŸ’αž„αžΊαž’αž‰αŸ’αž…αžΆαž‰ αŸ– 1. Cyclic neutropenia 2. Trisomy 21 (Down’s Syndrome) 3. αž‘αžΉαž€αž“αŸ„αž˜αž•αŸ’αž’αŸ‚αž˜ (Diabetes mellitus) 4. Aquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AID)"
Οƒ½ (1) , (2) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (1) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (2) αž“αž·αž„ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
ΟƒΎ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ αž…αž˜αŸ’αž›αžΎαž™αž‘αžΆαŸ†αž„αž’αžŸαŸ‹αžαžΆαž„αž›αžΎαžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
324. "αž—αžΆαž–αž‡αŸ’αžšαž½αžŸαžŽαŸ‚αž“αž“αŸƒαž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰ incisors αžαžΆαž„αž€αŸ’αžšαŸ„αž˜ αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœαžαŸ†αžšαž„αŸ‹αžαžΆαž˜αžœαž·αž’αžΆαž“αž€αžΆαžšαž–αžαŸ‹αž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰αžŠαžΌαž…αžαžΆαž„αž€αŸ’αžšαŸ„αž˜αž“αŸαŸ‡ αŸ– 1. αž’αžΆαž…αž“αžΉαž„αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœαž”αž„αŸ’αž€αžΆαžšαžŠαŸ„αž™αž€αžΆαžšαžŠαž€αž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰αžαŸ’αž‚αžΆαž˜αž‘αžΈαž”αžΈ 2. αž’αžΆαž…αž“αžΉαž„αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœαžŠαŸ„αž™ αž–αžΆαž€αŸ‹ retainer αž‘αžΆαž›αŸ‹αžαŸ‚αž†αŸ’αž’αžΉαž„αžαŸ’αž‚αžΆαž˜αž›αžΌαžαž›αžΆαžŸαŸ‹αž–αŸαž›αž›αŸαž‰ 3. αž’αžΆαž…αž“αžΉαž„αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœαž€αžΆαžšαž–αžΆαžšαžŠαŸ„αž™ post-alignment circumferential supracrestal fiberotomy 4. αž˜αž·αž“αž’αžΆαž…αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœαž”αžΆαž“αž–αŸ’αž™αžΆαž€αžšαžŽαŸαž–αžΈαž›αž€αŸ’αžαžŽαŸˆαž“αŸƒ original malocclusion
Οƒ½ (1) , (2) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (1) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (2) αž“αž·αž„ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
ΟƒΎ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ αž…αž˜αŸ’αž›αžΎαž™αž‘αžΆαŸ†αž„αž’αžŸαŸ‹αžαžΆαž„αž›αžΎαžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
325. αžαž½αž“αžΆαž‘αžΈαž˜αž½αž™αž“αŸƒ striated duct αž“αŸ…αž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„αž€αŸ’αžšαž–αŸαž‰ parotide αž“αž·αž„ submandibular αž‚αžΊαžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœαŸ–
Οƒ½ αž”αž“αŸ’αžαŸ‚αž˜αž’αŸŠαžΈαž™αŸ‰αž»αž„ Na+ ions αž‘αŸ…αž‘αžΉαž€αž˜αžΆαžαŸ‹
Οƒ½ αž‘αŸ†αžšαž„αŸ‹αž‡αž½αž™αž“αŸƒ hypertonic saliva (αž‘αžΆαž€αŸ‹αž‘αž„αž‘αŸ…αž“αžΉαž„ serum)
ΟƒΎ αž”αž“αŸ’αžαŸ‚αž˜ bicarbonate ions αž‘αŸ…αž›αžΎαž‘αžΉαž€αž˜αžΆαžαŸ‹
Οƒ½ αž•αŸ’αž›αžΆαžŸαŸ‹αž”αŸ’αžαžΌαžš K+ ions αž–αžΈαž‘αžΉαž€αž˜αžΆαžαŸ‹
Οƒ½ αž”αž“αŸ’αžαŸ‚αž˜ amylase αž‘αŸ…αž›αžΎαž‘αžΉαž€αž˜αžΆαžαŸ‹
326. "αž“αž·αžαž·αžœαž·αž’αžΈαž˜αž½αž™αžŽαžΆ αžŠαŸ‚αž›αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœαž€αžΆαžšαžαŸ’αž“αžΆαŸ†αž”αž„αŸ’αž€αžΆαžšαžŸαŸ†αžšαžΆαž”αŸ‹αž’αŸ’αž“αž€αž‡αž˜αŸ’αž„αžΊαžŠαŸ‚αž›αž„αžΆαž™αžšαž„αž‘αŸ…αž“αžΉαž„αž‡αŸ†αž„αžΊ bacterial endocarditis αŸ– 1. αž€αžΆαžšαžαžΆαŸ†αž–αž»αž˜αŸ’αž–αž’αŸ’αžœαžΎ partial dentures 2. αž€αžΆαžšαž€αžΆαžαŸ‹αž…αŸαžŸ 3. αž€αžΆαžšαž…αžΆαž€αŸ‹αžαŸ’αž“αžΆαŸ†αžŸαŸ’αž–αžΉαž€ regional 4. αž€αžΆαžšαžœαŸ‡αž€αžΆαžαŸ‹αž’αž‰αŸ’αž…αžΆαž‰"
Οƒ½ (1) , (2) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (1) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (2) αž“αž·αž„ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
ΟƒΎ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ αž…αž˜αŸ’αž›αžΎαž™αž‘αžΆαŸ†αž„αž’αžŸαŸ‹αžαžΆαž„αž›αžΎαžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
327. "αž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„αž€αŸ†αž‘αž»αž„αž–αŸαž›αž‘αŸ†αž–αžΆαžšαž’αž˜αŸ’αž˜αžαžΆ, αž˜αž½αž™αžŽαžΆαž“αŸƒαžαžΆαž„αž€αŸ’αžšαŸ„αž˜αž“αŸαŸ‡αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž˜αžΆαž“αžŸαž€αž˜αŸ’αž˜αž—αžΆαž– maximum EMG αž–αŸαž›αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰αž“αŸ…αž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„ maximum intercuspation αŸ– 1. αžŸαžΆαž…αŸ‹αžŠαž»αŸ† Medial pterygoid 2. αžŸαžΆαž…αŸ‹αžŠαž»αŸ† Masseter 3. αžŸαžΆαž…αŸ‹αžŠαž»αŸ† Lateral pterygoid 4. αžŸαžΆαž…αŸ‹αžŠαž»αŸ† Diagastric "
ΟƒΎ (1) , (2) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (1) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (2) αž“αž·αž„ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ αž…αž˜αŸ’αž›αžΎαž™αž‘αžΆαŸ†αž„αž’αžŸαŸ‹αžαžΆαž„αž›αžΎαžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
328. "αž˜αž½αž™αžŽαžΆαž“αŸƒαžαžΆαž„αž€αŸ’αžšαŸ„αž˜ αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž’αŸ’αžœαžΎαž’αŸ„αž™αž’αŸ’αž“αž€αž‡αž˜αŸ’αž„αžΊαž˜αžΆαž“αžœαŸαž™αž…αŸ†αžŽαžΆαžŸαŸ‹αž–αž·αž”αžΆαž€αž“αžΉαž„αž–αŸ’αž™αžΆαž”αžΆαž›αŸ– 1. αžœαžαŸ’αžαž˜αžΆαž“αž‡αž˜αŸ’αž„αžΊαž…αŸ’αžšαžΎαž“αž˜αž»αž 2. αž€αžΆαžšαž‡αžΆαžŸαŸ‡αžŸαŸ’αž”αžΎαž™αž˜αžΆαž“αžšαž™αŸ‡αž–αŸαž›αž™αžΌαžš 3. αž€αžαŸ’αžαžΆαž…αž·αžαŸ’αžαžŸαžΆαžŸαŸ’αžšαŸ’αžαž•αŸ’αžŸαŸαž„αŸ— 4. αžšαŸ„αž‚αžŸαž‰αŸ’αž‰αžΆαž˜αžΆαž“αžαž·αž…αž‡αžΆαž„αž€αžΆαžšαž”αŸ’αžšαžΆαž”αŸ‹αžšαž”αžŸαŸ‹αž‚αžΆαžαŸ‹"
Οƒ½ (1) , (2) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (1) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (2) αž“αž·αž„ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
ΟƒΎ αž…αž˜αŸ’αž›αžΎαž™αž‘αžΆαŸ†αž„αž’αžŸαŸ‹αžαžΆαž„αž›αžΎαžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
329. The autonomic nervous system αž‚αžΊαž‡αžΆαž€αžΆαžšαžαŸ’αžšαž½αžαž–αž·αž“αž·αžαŸ’αž™αžŠαŸ†αž”αžΌαž„αžŠαŸ„αž™ αŸ–
Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Subthalamus
Metathalamus
Epithalamus
330. "αž‡αŸ†αž„αžΊαžŸαŸ’αž„αž½αžαž˜αžΆαžαŸ‹αžαŸ’αž›αžΆαŸ†αž„ αž’αžΆαž…αž’αŸ„αž™ αŸ– 1. αž€αžΎαž“αž‘αžΎαž„αž“αŸƒ Caries 2. αž•αŸ’αž›αžΆαžŸαŸ‹αž”αŸ’αžαžΌαžšαžšαžŸαž‡αžΆαžαž· 3. αž€αžΎαž“αž‘αžΎαž„αž“αŸƒαž€αžΆαžšαž”αž„αŸ’αž€αžšαžšαŸ„αž‚αžŠαŸ„αž™ candidal 4. αžšαž›αžΆαž€αž˜αžΆαžαŸ‹"
Οƒ½ (1) , (2) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (1) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (2) αž“αž·αž„ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
ΟƒΎ αž…αž˜αŸ’αž›αžΎαž™αž‘αžΆαŸ†αž„αž’αžŸαŸ‹αžαžΆαž„αž›αžΎαžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
331. αž›αž€αŸ’αžαžŽαŸˆαž“αŸƒαžŠαŸ†αž”αŸ…αž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„αž˜αžΆαžαŸ‹ αž“αŸƒ pemphigusαž‚αžΊ αŸ–
ΟƒΎ vesicles and bullae
Οƒ½ Fordyce’s granules
Οƒ½ white plaques
Οƒ½ hairy tongue
Οƒ½ candidiasis (candidosis)
332. "αž”αŸ’αžšαžŸαž·αž‘αŸ’αž’αž—αžΆαž–αž’αŸ’αžœαžΈ αž’αžΆαž…αž²αŸ’αž™αž‘αŸ†αž“αžΆαž€αŸ‹αž‘αŸ†αž“αž„ Bolton αž˜αžΆαž“αž“αŸ…αž›αžΎ Class I malocclusion αŸ– 1. overbite αž€αžΆαž“αŸ‹αžαŸ‚αž‡αŸ’αžšαŸ… 2. αž—αžΆαž–αž‡αŸ’αžšαž½αžŸαžŽαŸ‚αž“αž“αŸƒαž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰αž›αžΎ 3. overjet αžαž™αž…αž»αŸ‡ 4. overjet αž€αžΎαž“αž‘αžΎαž„"
Οƒ½ (1) , (2) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (1) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
ΟƒΎ (2) αž“αž·αž„ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ αž…αž˜αŸ’αž›αžΎαž™αž‘αžΆαŸ†αž„αž’αžŸαŸ‹αžαžΆαž„αž›αžΎαžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
333. "αž€αžΆαžšαžšαŸ€αž”αž…αŸ†αžŸαŸ†αžšαžΆαž”αŸ‹ porcelain fused to metal crown αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž˜αžΆαž“ porcelain butt αž‡αžΆαž”αŸ‹αž“αžΉαž„ margin αž‚αž½αžšαžαŸ‚αž˜αžΆαž“ 1. 90o cavosurface margin 2. Subgingival finish line 3. 1.2 mm shoulder 4. 90o axiogingival angle"
Οƒ½ (1) , (2) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
ΟƒΎ (1) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (2) αž“αž·αž„ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ αž…αž˜αŸ’αž›αžΎαž™αž‘αžΆαŸ†αž„αž’αžŸαŸ‹αžαžΆαž„αž›αžΎαžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
334. "αž…αŸ†αž–αŸ„αŸ‡αž’αŸ’αž“αž€αž‡αž˜αŸ’αž„αžΊαž‘αžΉαž€αž“αŸ„αž˜αž•αŸ’αž’αŸ‚αž˜ (insulin-dependant diabetic), hypoglycemia αž˜αžΆαž“αž’αžΆαž€αžΆαžšαŸˆ αŸ– 1. αž˜αžΆαž“αž’αžΆαžšαž˜αŸ’αž˜αžŽαŸαž…αŸ’αžšαž”αžΌαž€αž…αŸ’αžšαž”αž›αŸ‹ 2. αž…αž„αŸ’αžœαžΆαž€αŸ‹αžŠαž„αŸ’αž αžΎαž˜αž‰αžΆαž”αŸ‹ 3. αž”αŸ‚αž€αž‰αžΎαžŸ 4. αž…αž„αŸ‹αž€αŸ’αž’αž½αž"
Οƒ½ (1) , (2) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (1) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (2) αž“αž·αž„ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
ΟƒΎ αž…αž˜αŸ’αž›αžΎαž™αž‘αžΆαŸ†αž„αž’αžŸαŸ‹αžαžΆαž„αž›αžΎαžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
335. αž‘αžΆαŸ†αž’αžŸαŸ‹αžαžΆαž„αž€αŸ’αžšαŸ„αž˜αž‘αžΆαŸ†αž„αž’αžŸαŸ‹αž“αŸαŸ‡ αž‡αžΆαž€αžαŸ’αžαžΆαž…αžΆαž”αŸ‹αž•αŸ’αžαžΎαž˜αž€αžαŸ‹αžαŸ’αžšαžΆαž”αžΆαž“αž›αŸ’αž’αž“αŸƒ hairy tongue αž›αžΎαž€αž›αŸ‚αž„αžαŸ‚
Candidiasis
Οƒ½ αž€αžΆαžšαžαŸ’αž–αž»αžšαž˜αžΆαžαŸ‹
Οƒ½ αžαŸ’αž“αžΆαŸ†αž•αŸ’αžŸαŸ‡ (antibiotics)
Οƒ½ systemic corticosteroids (Prednisone)
Οƒ½ radiotherapy αž“αŸ…αž›αžΎαž€αŸ’αž”αžΆαž› αž“αž·αž„ αž€
336. Radiolucency αžαŸ‚αž˜αž½αž™αž‚αžαŸ‹ αž“αŸ…αž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„αžαŸ†αž”αž“αŸ‹αž“αŸƒαž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž˜αž·αž“αžŠαž»αŸ‡αž˜αž€αžαžΆαŸ†αž„αž–αžΈαž€αŸ†αžŽαžΎαž αž–αŸαž›αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰αž•αŸ’αžŸαŸαž„αž‘αŸ€αžαž‘αžΆαŸ†αž„αž’αžŸαŸ‹αž“αŸ…αžšαžŸαŸ‹ αž‚αžΊαžœαžΆαžŠαžΌαž…αž‡αžΆ αŸ–
Οƒ½ residual cyst
ΟƒΎ odontogenic keratocyst
Οƒ½ dentigerous cyst
Οƒ½ radicular cyst
Οƒ½ periapical granuloma
337. αž€αžΆαžšαž–αŸ’αž™αžΆαž”αžΆαž›αžŠαŸαž›αŸ’αž’αž”αŸ†αž•αž»αžαžŸαŸ†αžšαžΆαž”αŸ‹ gingival cyst αž“αŸƒαž€αŸ’αž˜αŸαž„αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž‘αžΎαž”αž€αžΎαž αž‚αžΊ αŸ–
Curettage
Οƒ½ αž™αž€αž‡αžΆαž›αž·αž€αžΆαžαžΆαž„αž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„αž‘αŸ…αž’αŸ’αžœαžΎ biopsy (incisional biopsy)
Οƒ½ αž–αž·αž“αž·αžαŸ’αž™αž˜αžΎαž› cystologic smear
Οƒ½ αž€αžΆαžαŸ‹αž‡αžΆαž›αž·αž€αžΆαž™αž€αž‘αŸ…αž’αŸ’αžœαžΎ biopsy (excisional biopsy)
ΟƒΎ αž€αžΆαžšαžŸαž„αŸ’αž€αŸαž
338. αž‘αžΈαž€αž“αŸ’αž›αŸ‚αž„αž‡αžΆαž‘αžΌαž‘αŸ… αž“αž·αž„αž’αžΆαž™αž»αž’αŸ’αž“αž€αž‡αž˜αŸ’αž„αžΊαžŠαŸ‚αž›αž€αžΎαž Solid ameloblastoma αž‚αžΊ αŸ–
ΟƒΎ posterior mandible , αž’αžΆαž™αž» αŸ€αŸ αž†αŸ’αž“αžΆαŸ†
Οƒ½ posterior maxilla , αž’αžΆαž™αž» αŸ€αŸ αž†αŸ’αž“αžΆαŸ†
Οƒ½ posterior mandible , αž’αžΆαž™αž» αŸ’αŸ αž†αŸ’αž“αžΆαŸ†
Οƒ½ anterior mandible , αž’αžΆαž™αž» αŸ¦αŸ αž†αŸ’αž“αžΆαŸ†
Οƒ½ anterior mandible , αž’αžΆαž™αž» αŸ€αŸ αž†αŸ’αž“αžΆαŸ†
339. αž’αŸ’αž“αž€αž‡αž˜αŸ’αž„αžΊαž’αžΆαž™αž» αŸ’αŸ©αž†αŸ’αž“αžΆαŸ† αž˜αžΆαž“αž”αŸ’αžšαžœαžαŸ’αž αž αžΎαž˜αž€ αžαžΆαž„αžŸαŸ’αžαžΆαŸ† αž“αž·αž„αžˆαžΊαž˜αž»αž“αž€αžΆαžšαž αžΌαž”αž’αžΆαžšαž αžΆαžš αž”αž“αŸ’αžαž·αž…αŸ” αžαžΆαž˜αž€αžΆαžšαž–αž·αž“αž·αžαŸ’αž™αž“αŸ…αž‚αŸ’αž›αžΈαž“αžΈαž€ αžαžΎαžœαž·αž’αžΈαžŸαžΆαžŸαŸ’αžšαŸ’αžαž˜αž½αž™αžŽαžΆαž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„αž€αžΆαžšαžšαž€ diagnostic αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž…αž„αŸ’αž’αž»αžšαž”αž„αŸ’αž αžΆαž‰αž”αŸ’αžšαžΆαž”αŸ‹ αŸ–
Οƒ½ Panoramic radiograph
Οƒ½ αž€αžΆαžαŸ‹αž‡αžΆαž›αž·αž€αžΆαž™αž€αž‘αŸ…αž’αŸ’αžœαžΎ biopsy (Excisional biopsy)
Οƒ½ C.T. scan
ΟƒΎ Occlusal radiograph
Οƒ½ αž”αžΌαž˜αž“αžΉαž„αž˜αŸ’αž‡αž»αž›αžαžΌαž…αž™αž€αž‘αŸ…αž’αŸ’αžœαžΎ biopsy (Fine needle aspiration biopsy)
340. αžšαŸ„αž‚αžœαž·αž“αž·αž…αŸαŸ’αž†αž™αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž”αŸ’αžšαž αžΆαž€αŸ‹αž”αŸ’αžšαž αŸ‚αž›αž”αŸ†αž•αž»αž αž…αŸ†αž–αŸ„αŸ‡αžŠαž»αŸ†αž‘αŸ†αž αŸ† 1cm αž€αŸ’αžšαž‘αŸαž…αž€αŸ’αžšαž‘αžΆαž…αŸ‹ αž“αŸ…αž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„αž€αŸ’αžšαž–αŸαž‰αž‘αžΉαž€αž˜αžΆαžαŸ‹ Parotidαž‚αžΊαŸˆ
Οƒ½ mucoepidermoid Carcinoma
ΟƒΎ pleomorphic adenoma
Οƒ½ adenoid cystic carcinoma (Cylindroma)
Οƒ½ acimic cell Carcinoma
Οƒ½ Tumour αž“αŸƒ warton
341. αž’αŸ’αž“αž€αž‡αŸ†αž„αžΊαž˜αŸ’αž“αžΆαž€αŸ‹αž˜αžΆαž“αž€αžΆαžšαžˆαžΊαž…αžΆαž”αŸ‹ αž‚αŸ’αžšαž»αž“αž€αŸ’αžαŸ… αž“αž·αž„αž αžΎαž˜ parotid αž˜αž½αž™αž…αŸ†αž αŸ€αž„αž”αž“αŸ’αž‘αžΆαž”αŸ‹αž–αžΈαž…αžΆαž€αŸ‹αžαŸ’αž“αžΆαŸ†αžŸαž“αŸ’αž›αž”αŸ‹ (General anesthesia) αž“αŸ„αŸ‡ αž‚αžΊαž˜αžΆαž“αŸˆ
Οƒ½ αž€αžΆαž‘αžΎαž‘αŸ‚αž“ (Mumps)
Οƒ½ αž˜αžΆαž“αž‚αŸ’αžšαž½αžŸαž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„αž€αŸ’αžšαž–αŸαž‰αž‘αžΉαž€αž˜αžΆαžαŸ‹ (Sialolithiasis)
ΟƒΎ αž˜αžΆαž“αžšαŸ„αž‚αž€αŸ’αžšαž–αŸαž‰αž‘αžΉαž€αž˜αžΆαžαŸ‹αžŸαŸ’αžšαž½αž…αžŸαŸ’αžšαžΆαžœ
Οƒ½ αž…αž„αŸ’αž€αŸ„αž˜αžšαŸ„αž‚αžŸαž‰αŸ’αž‰αžΆαž€αž„αŸ’αžœαŸ‡αž‘αžΉαž€αž˜αžΆαžαŸ‹ រឺ αžŸαŸ’αž„αž½αžαž˜αžΆαžαŸ‹(sjogren's syndroms)
Οƒ½ Sarcoidosis
342. "αž€αžΆαžšαž”αžΆαžαŸ‹αž”αž„αŸ‹αž’αŸαŸ’αž˜αž‰αž–αžΈαž€αŸ†αžŽαžΎαžαž…αŸ†αž“αž½αž“αž…αŸ’αžšαžΎαž“ (Multiple Congenitally missing Teeth) αž’αžΆαž…αž‡αžΆαž›αž€αŸ’αžαžŽαŸˆαž“αŸƒαŸˆ "
Οƒ½ Cleido Cranial dysplasia.
Οƒ½ Rubenstein Taybi Syndrome,
ΟƒΎ ectoderme dysplasia
Οƒ½ Gardner's syndrome
Οƒ½ Gorlin-Goltz's syndrome.
343. "αžŸαŸ’αž“αžΆαž˜αž…αž»αž…αŸ—αž‡αžΆαž…αŸ’αžšαžΎαž“ (Multiple punched-out) Raliolucencies αž“αŸƒαž†αŸ’αž’αžΉαž„αž€αŸ’αž”αžΆαž› αž“αž·αž„ αžαŸ’αž‚αžΆαž˜ αž‚αŸαžƒαžΎαž‰αž˜αžΆαž“αž—αžΆαž‚αž…αŸ’αžšαžΎαž“αž“αŸ…αž›αžΎαŸˆ "
Οƒ½ metastatic carinoma
Plasmacytoma
ΟƒΎ multiple myeloma
Chondrosarcoma
Osteosarcoma
344. αž…αŸ†αž›αž„αžšαŸ„αž‚αžŠαŸ†αž”αžΌαž„αž“αŸƒ Syphilis αž€αžΎαžαž‘αžΎαž„αž“αŸ…αž’αžŽαŸ’αžαžΆαžαž‘αžΆαž€αŸ‹αž‘αž„αž‘αŸ…αž“αžΉαž„αŸ–
Οƒ½ harpetic utcer
Οƒ½ Aphthous ulcer
Gumma
ΟƒΎ αž‘αžΆαž˜αž‘αžΆ រឺ αžŠαŸ†αž”αŸ…αžšαž›αž½αž™ (Chancre)
Οƒ½ αž”αŸ†αžŽαŸ‚αž€αž“αŸƒαž‘αžΉαž€αžšαŸ†αž’αž·αž› (mucous patch)
345. "leukoptakia αž”αžΆαž“αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœαž–αŸ’αž™αžΆαž”αžΆαž›αž™αŸ‰αžΆαž„αž›αŸ’αž’αž”αŸ†αž•αž»αžαžŠαŸ„αž™αŸˆ
Οƒ½ αž€αžΆαžšαžαžΆαž˜αžŠαžΆαž“αž–αž·αž“αž·αžαŸ’αž™αž˜αžΎαž› (Observation)
Οƒ½ αž†αžΆαž”αž™αž€αž”αŸ†αžŽαŸ‡ Amalgam αž…αŸαž‰ αž‡αŸ†αž“αž½αžŸαžœαž·αž‰αžŠαŸ„αž™αžŸαŸ†αž—αžΆαžšαŸˆαž”αŸ‰αŸ‡αž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰αž•αŸ’αžŸαŸαž„αž‘αŸ€αž (replacement of amalgam restorations)
Οƒ½ αž•αŸ’αž›αžΆαžŸαŸ‹αž”αŸ’αžαžΌαžšαžšαž”αž”αž’αžΆαž αžΆαžš (Changes in diet)
ΟƒΎ Incisional biopsy
Οƒ½ αžŸαž€αž˜αŸ’αž˜αž—αžΆαž–αžšαž”αžŸαŸ‹ Carbon dioxide.
346. "Necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis αž€αžΎαžαž‡αžΆαžŸαŸ†αžαžΆαž“αŸ‹αž‘αŸ…αž›αžΎαŸˆ
Οƒ½ Attachment gingivae
ΟƒΎ gingival papillae
Οƒ½ alveolar mucosa
Οƒ½ epithelial attachment
Οƒ½ αž…αž˜αŸ’αž›αžΎαž™αž‘αžΆαŸ†αž„αž’αžŸαŸ‹αžαžΆαž„αž›αžΎαžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
347. "αž€αžΆαžšαž”αŸ‰αŸ‡αž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰αž›αžΎαžŸαžšαžΆαž„αž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰αž’αž˜αŸ’αž˜αž‡αžΆαžαž· αž•αŸ’αžŠαž›αŸ‹αž§αž€αžΆαžŸαž’αŸ„αž™αŸˆ 1. αž”αž„αŸ’αž€αžΎαž“αž²αŸ’αž™plaque αž‡αžΆαž”αŸ‹αžŸαŸ’αž’αž·αžαžšαžΉαžαžαŸ‚αžαŸ’αž›αžΆαŸ†αž„ 2. αž€αŸ„αžŸαžŸαŸ†αž’αžΆαžαž™αž€plaque αž…αŸαž‰αž˜αžΆαž“αž€αŸ†αžšαž·αž (αž˜αž·αž“αž’αžŸαŸ‹) 3. αž”αž„αŸ’αž€αžΎαž“αž²αŸ’αž™αž‡αžΆαž”αŸ‹αž€αŸ†αž‘αŸαž…αž€αŸ†αž‘αžΈαž…αŸ†αžŽαžΈαž’αžΆαž αžΆαžš 4. αž”αž„αŸ’αž€αžΎαž“αž“αž·αž„αž„αžΆαž™αžŸαŸ’αžšαž½αž›αžšαž„αž₯αž‘αŸ’αž’αž·αž–αž›αž²αŸ’αž™αž˜αžΆαž“αžšαŸ„αž‚αž–αž»αž€αž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰"
Οƒ½ (1) , (2) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (1) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (2) αž“αž·αž„ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
ΟƒΎ αž…αž˜αŸ’αž›αžΎαž™αž‘αžΆαŸ†αž„αž’αžŸαŸ‹αžαžΆαž„αž›αžΎαžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
348. "αž‡αžΆαž›αž·αž€αžΆαž˜αž€αž–αžΈαžαŸ†αž”αž“αŸ‹ multilocular radiolucent αž“αŸƒαž•αŸ’αž“αŸƒαž€αžαžΆαž„αž€αŸ’αžšαŸ„αž™αž“αŸƒαžαŸ’αž‚αžΆαž˜αž€αŸ’αžšαŸ„αž˜ αž”αžΆαž“αž”αž„αŸ’αž αžΆαž‰αžαžΆαž˜αž‡αžΆαž›αž·αž€αžΆαžšαžŸαžΆαžŸαŸ’αžαŸ’αžš (Histologically shows) αžαŸ†αž”αž“αŸ‹αž“αŸƒ follicular αžšαžαŸ‹αž‡αž½αžšαž‡αžΆαž˜αž½αž™ Columnar Cells αž”αŸ’αžšαž αžΆαž€αŸ‹αž”αŸ’αžšαž αŸ‚αž›αž‘αŸ…αž“αžΉαž„αžŸαžšαžΈαžšαžΆαž„αŸ’αž‚αž€αžΆαž…αžΆαž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰ (enamel organ)αŸ” αžšαŸ„αž‚αžœαž·αž“αž·αž…αŸαŸ’αž†αž™αž“αŸ„αŸ‡αž‚αžΊαŸˆ
Neurofibroma
Ameloblastoma
Οƒ½ Central fibroma
Οƒ½ Lateral Periodontal Cyst.
Οƒ½ dentigerous cyst.
349. "Differential diagnosis αž…αŸ†αž–αŸ„αŸ‡αž€αžΆαžšαžˆαžΊαž…αžΆαž”αŸ‹αžšαž™αŸˆαž–αŸαž›αžαŸ’αž›αžΈ αž“αž·αž„αž€αžΆαžšαž αžΎαž˜αž’αž‰αŸ’αž…αžΆαž‰ αž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰ αžšαž½αž˜αž•αŸ’αžŸαŸ†αž‡αžΆαž˜αž½αž™αž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰ αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœαž”αžΆαž“αž‘αž‘αž½αž›αž€αžΆαžšαž–αŸ’αž™αžΆαž”αžΆαž›αžšαž“αŸ’αž’αž«αžŸαžšαž½αž…αž αžΎαž™αž•αž„ αž‚αž½αžšαžαŸ‚αž‡αžΆαŸˆ 1. Periodontal abscess 2. Periapical abscess 3. αž”αžΆαž€αŸ‹αž«αžŸαž’αŸαŸ’αž˜αž‰ αž”αž‰αŸ’αžˆαžš(vertical root fracture) 4. αžšαž›αžΆαž™αž«αžŸαž•αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€αžαžΆαž„αž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„ (internal root resorption)
ΟƒΎ (1) , (2) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (1) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (2) αž“αž·αž„ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ αž…αž˜αŸ’αž›αžΎαž™αž‘αžΆαŸ†αž„αž’αžŸαŸ‹αžαžΆαž„αž›αžΎαžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
350. "αž€αžΆαžšαž–αž·αž“αž·αžαŸ’αž™αž‚αŸ’αž›αžΈαž“αžΈαž€αž›αžΎαž’αŸ’αž“αž€αž‡αž€αŸ‹αž”αžΆαžšαžΈαžαŸ’αž›αžΆαŸ†αž„αž’αžΆαž™αž» 42αž†αŸ’αž“αžΆαŸ† αž”αžΆαž“αžƒαžΎαž‰αžŠαž»αŸ†αž–αžŽαŸŒαžŸαž˜αž½αž™αžŠαž»αŸ†αž“αŸ… retromolar / tonsillar pillar region αŸ” αžŠαž»αŸ†αžŸαž“αŸαŸ‡αž˜αž·αž“αž’αžΆαž…αžŠαžΌαžŸαžšαž½αžŸαž²αŸ’αž™αž…αŸαž‰αž“αŸ„αŸ‡αž‘αŸαŸ” αžšαŸ„αž‚αžœαž·αž“αž·αž…αŸαŸ’αž†αž™αžŠαŸ‚αž›αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœαž”αŸ†αž•αž»αžαž“αŸ„αŸ‡αž‚αžΊαŸˆ "
Οƒ½ lichen Planus
Leukoplakia
Οƒ½ white sponge nevus
Οƒ½ frictional hyperkeratosis
Οƒ½ Pseudomembranous Candidiasis
351. "Amalgam : 1. αž‡αžΆ Spherical alloys αžŠαŸ‚αž›αžšαž½αž‰αžαž·αž…αž”αŸ†αž•αž»αžαž–αŸαž›αžœαžΆαžšαžΉαž„ 2. αž‡αžΆ Lathe Cut alloys αžŠαŸ‚αž›αžšαžΈαž€αž™αŸ‰αžΆαž„αžαž·αž…αž”αŸ†αž•αž»αžαž–αŸαž›αžœαžΆαžšαžΉαž„ 3. αž‡αžΆ admix alloys αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž˜αžΆαž“αž‘αŸ†αž αŸ†αžαŸαžšαž“αŸ…αž–αŸαž›αžœαžΆαžšαžΉαž„ 4. αž‡αžΆαž›αŸ„αž αž’αžΆαžαž»αž•αŸ’αžŸαŸ†αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž˜αžΆαž“αž‘αž„αŸ‹αžŠαŸ‚αž„(αžŸαŸ’αž–αžΆαž“αŸ‹)αž…αŸ†αž“αž½αž“αž…αŸ’αžšαžΎαž“ αž”αžΆαž“αž”αž„αŸ’αž€αžΎαž“αž—αžΆαž–αž’αž“αŸ‹ αž‘αŸ…αž“αžΉαž„αž€αžΆαžšαž”αžΆαžαŸ‹αž”αž„αŸ‹αž…αŸ†αžŽαžΆαŸ†αž„(αžšαž›αŸ„αž„)αž–αŸαž›αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœαžαŸ’αž™αž›αŸ‹ αž“αž·αž„ αž—αžΆαž–αžŸαžΉαž€αž‘αž·αž…αžšαž·αž›.
Οƒ½ (1) , (2) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (1) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (2) αž“αž·αž„ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
ΟƒΎ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ αž…αž˜αŸ’αž›αžΎαž™αž‘αžΆαŸ†αž„αž’αžŸαŸ‹αžαžΆαž„αž›αžΎαžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
352. "Amalgam αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœαž”αž„αŸ’αž αžΆαž”αŸ‹αž²αŸ’αž™αžŽαŸ‚αž“αžŠαžΎαž˜αŸ’αž”αžΈαŸˆ 1. αž²αŸ’αž™ Amalgam αž…αžΌαž›αž’αžΉαž”αž‘αŸ…αž“αžΉαž„αž‡αž‰αŸ’αž‡αžΆαŸ†αž„. αž”αžΆαž. αž“αž·αž„αž‚αŸ‚αž˜αž˜αžΆαžαŸ‹αžšαžŽαŸ’αžαŸ…αžšαž”αžŸαŸ‹αž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰αŸ” 2. αž”αž„αŸ’αž€αžΎαžαž²αŸ’αž™ Amalgam αž‡αžΆαžŠαž»αŸ†αž αžΆαž”αŸ‹αžŽαŸ‚αž“αž“αž·αž„αž˜αžΆαž“αž–αž–αž»αŸ‡αžαž·αž…αž”αŸ†αž•αž»αž 3. αž€αžΆαžαŸ‹αž”αž“αŸ’αžαž™αž€αžΆαžšαž•αŸ’αž‘αž»αž€αž‘αŸ…αžŠαŸ„αž™αž‡αžΆαžαž·αž”αžΆαžšαŸ‰αž€αž…αŸ’αžšαžΎαž“ 4. αž€αžΆαžšαž”αŸ‰αŸ‡αž›αžΎαžŸ (αž€αŸ’αžšαžΆαžŸαŸ‹) αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž’αž“αž»αž‰αŸ’αž‰αžΆαžαž·αž²αŸ’αž™αž™αžΎαž„αž€αŸ„αžŸαž™αž€αž…αŸαž‰αž˜αž€αžœαž·αž‰αž“αžΌαžœαž‡αžΆαžαž· αž”αžΆαžšαŸ‰αž€αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž αŸ€αžšαž˜αž€αž€αž€αž“αŸ…αžŸαŸ’αžšαž‘αžΆαž”αŸ‹αžαžΆαž„αž›αžΎ"
ΟƒΎ (1) , (2) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (1) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (2) αž“αž·αž„ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ αž…αž˜αŸ’αž›αžΎαž™αž‘αžΆαŸ†αž„αž’αžŸαŸ‹αžαžΆαž„αž›αžΎαžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
353. "Side effects αž“αŸƒαž€αŸ†αžšαžΉαžαž”αŸ’αžšαžΎαž”αŸ’αžšαžΆαžŸαŸ‹αžšαž”αžŸαŸ‹αžαŸ’αž“αžΆαŸ† Codeine αž’αžΆαž…αž”αž„αŸ’αž€αžΎαžαž’αŸ„αž™αŸˆ 1. αž‘αž›αŸ‹αž›αžΆαž˜αž€ (constipation) 2. αž—αžΆαž–αž„αž„αž»αž™αžŠαŸαž€(drowsiness) 3. αž…αž„αŸ’αž’αŸ„αžšαžšαž€αž€αž›αŸ‹αž€αŸ’αž’αž½αž (nausea) 4. αž˜αžΆαž“αžαŸ†αžŽαžΉαž„αž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„αž”αŸ’αžšαž–αŸαž“αŸ’αž’αžŠαž„αŸ’αž αžΎαž˜ (respiratory depression)"
ΟƒΎ (1) , (2) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (1) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (2) αž“αž·αž„ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ αž…αž˜αŸ’αž›αžΎαž™αž‘αžΆαŸ†αž„αž’αžŸαŸ‹αžαžΆαž„αž›αžΎαžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
354. "αž…αžΆαž€αŸ‹αžαŸ’αž“αžΆαŸ†αžŸαŸ’αž–αžΉαž€ IANB រឺ IDB αžαŸ’αž‚αžΆαž˜αž€αŸ’αžšαŸ„αž˜αžαžΆαž„αžŸαŸ’αžαžΆαŸ†αž˜αž½αž™αž‚αŸαžƒαžΎαž‰αž˜αžΆαž“ Paralysis αž“αŸƒαž˜αž»αž αž•αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€αžαžΆαž„αžŸαŸ’αžαžΆαŸ†αŸ” αž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„αžŸαŸ’αžαžΆαž“αž—αžΆαž–αž“αŸαŸ‡ αž‚αžΊαž”αžŽαŸ’αžαžΆαž›αž˜αž€αž–αžΈαž€αžΆαžšαž…αžΆαž€αŸ‹αž…αžΌαž›αžŠαŸ„αž™αž’αž…αŸαžαž“αžΆαž‘αŸ…αž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„ αŸ–"
Οƒ½ Pterysgopatine fossa.
ΟƒΎ facial canal
Οƒ½ Parotid gland
Οƒ½ Submandibular region
Οƒ½ Sublingual gland
355. αž”αžΎαž”αŸ’αžšαŸ€αž”αž’αŸ€αž” admixed amalgams αž‘αŸ…αž“αžΉαž„ Spherical amalgams វអៈ
ΟƒΎ αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœαž€αžΆαžšαžŸαŸ†αž–αžΆαž’αž”αž„αŸ’αž αžΆαž”αŸ‹αž“αŸ„αŸ‡αžαž·αž…αž‡αžΆαž„
Οƒ½ αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœαž€αžΆαžšαž–αŸαž› αž€αž·αž“αž›αŸ†αž’αž·αž(triuration) αž“αŸ„αŸ‡αžαŸ’αž›αžΈαž‡αžΆαž„
Οƒ½ αžšαžΉαž„αž˜αžΆαŸ†αž‡αžΆαž„ (Compressive strength αž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„αžšαž™αŸˆαž–αŸαž› 24αž˜αŸ‰αŸ„αž„)
Οƒ½ αž’αŸ’αž„αž“αŸ‹ αžŸαŸ’αžœαž·αž€αž‡αžΆαž„ αž‘αŸ…αž“αžΉαž„αž€αžΆαžšαž”αžΆαž€αŸ‹αž‘αŸ…αž‚αŸ‚αž˜ marginal
Οƒ½ αž†αžΆαž”αŸ‹αžŸαŸ’αžšαž’αžΆαž”αŸ‹αž‡αžΆαž„ (Tarnish more)
356. αž”αŸ’αžšαž—αŸαž‘αž“αŸƒ Amalgam αžŠαŸ‚αž›αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœαž€αžΆαžšαž…αŸ†αžŽαž»αŸ‡αž“αŸƒαž”αžΆαžšαŸ‰αžαžαž·αž…αž”αŸ†αž•αž»αž αžŠαžΎαž˜αŸ’αž”αžΈαž’αŸ’αžœαžΎαž”αŸ’αžšαžαž·αž€αž˜αŸ’αž˜αž²αŸ’αž™αžšαžΉαž„αžšαž”αžŸαŸ‹αžœαžΆαž‚αžΊαŸˆ
Οƒ½ αžŸαŸ’αž–αžΆαž“αŸ‹αžαž·αž… (low copper)
Οƒ½ αžŸαŸ’αž–αžΆαž“αŸ‹αž…αŸ’αžšαžΎαž“ (high copper)
Almixed
Οƒ½ lathe cut
Sphericaf
357. Composite αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž”αŸ’αžšαžΎ Light Cured αžœαžΆαžšαžΉαž„αž“αŸ…αž–αŸαž›αž”αŸ‰αŸ‡αž“αžΉαž„αž€αž˜αŸ’αž˜αžšαžŸαŸ’αž˜αžΈαžŠαŸ‚αž›αž‚αŸαž”αž‰αŸ’αž…αžΆαŸ†αž„αž‘αŸ…αž›αžΎαžœαžΆαŸ” αž€αž˜αŸ’αž˜αžšαžŸαŸ’αž˜αžΈαž“αŸ„αŸ‡ αžœαžΆαž‡αžΆαŸˆ
Οƒ½ αž’αŸ’αž“αž€αž…αžΆαž”αŸ‹αž•αŸ’αžŠαžΎαž˜ (initiator)
Οƒ½ αž”αŸ’αžšαžαž·αž€αžš (reactor)
Οƒ½ αžŸαžΆαžšαž’αžΆαžαž»αžŠαžΆαž€αŸ‹αž”αž“αŸ’αžαŸ‚αž˜αžŠαžΎαž˜αŸ’αž”αžΈαž’αŸ„αž™αž†αžΆαž”αŸ‹αž”αŸ’αžšαžαž·αž€αž˜αŸ’αž˜αž‚αžΈαž˜αžΈ (catalyst)
ΟƒΎ αž’αŸ’αž“αž€αž’αŸ’αžœαžΎαž’αŸ„αž™αžŸαž€αž˜αŸ’αž˜αž‘αžΎαž„ (activator)
Οƒ½ αž’αŸ’αž“αž€αž”αž‰αŸ’αž…αž”αŸ‹ (terminator)
358. αž“αŸ…αž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„ alginate αž˜αŸ’αžŸαŸ…αžαžΆαŸ†αž–αž»αž˜αŸ’αž—. Sodium phosphate (Na3Po4) αž‡αžΆαŸ–
Οƒ½ αž”αŸ’αžšαžαž·αž€αžš (reactor)
Οƒ½ αžŸαžΆαžšαž’αžΆαžαž»αžŠαžΆαž€αŸ‹αž”αž“αŸ’αžαŸ‚αž˜αžŠαžΎαž˜αŸ’αž”αžΈαž’αŸ„αž™αž†αžΆαž”αŸ‹αž”αŸ’αžšαžαž·αž€αž˜αŸ’αž˜αž‚αžΈαž˜αžΈ (catalyst)
ΟƒΎ αž’αŸ’αž“αž€αž–αž“αŸ’αž™αžΊαž (retarder)
Οƒ½ αž’αŸ’αž“αž€αžŸαŸ†αž›αžΆαž”αŸ‹αž˜αŸαžšαŸ„αž‚ (disinfectant)
Οƒ½ αž‡αžΆαž—αŸ’αž“αžΆαž€αŸ‹αž„αžΆαžšαžŸαŸ†αžšαžΆαž”αŸ‹αž…αž„αž—αŸ’αž‡αžΆαž”αŸ‹αžŸαžΆαžšαž’αžΆαžαž»αŸ‘αž‘αŸ…αŸ‘αž‘αŸ€αž (cross linking agent)
359. "αž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„αž–αŸαž›αžŠαž€αž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰αžαŸ’αž‚αžΆαž˜αž‘αžΆαž›αŸ‹αž€αž”αŸ‹ αž›αŸαž38 αžŸαžšαžŸαŸƒ Lingnal nerve αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœαž”αžΆαž“αž’αŸ’αžœαžΎαž²αŸ’αž™ αžαžΌαž…αžαžΆαžαŸ” αžšαžΆαž›αŸ‹αž€αžšαžŽαžΈαžŠαžΌαž…αžαžΆαž„αž€αŸ’αžšαŸ„αž˜αž’αžΆαž…αž€αžΎαžαž‘αžΎαž„αž›αžΎαž€αž›αŸ‚αž„αžαŸ‚ (αž€αžšαžŽαžΈ1)αŸ–
Οƒ½ αž”αžΆαžαŸ‹αž”αž„αŸ‹αžšαžŸαž‡αžΆαžαž·αž…αžΆαž”αŸ‹αž–αžΈαž•αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€αžαžΆαž„αž˜αž»αž 2/3 αž“αŸ…αž›αžΎαž•αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€αžαžΆαž„αž†αŸ’αžœαŸαž„αž“αŸƒαž’αžŽαŸ’αžαžΆαž
Οƒ½ αž“αŸ…αž–αŸαž›αžšαž»αž‰αž…αž„αŸ’αž€αžΆαžšαž‘αŸ…αž˜αž»αž αž’αŸ’αžœαžΎαž²αŸ’αž™αž’αžŽαŸ’αžαžΆαžαž„αžΆαž€αž‘αŸ…αž•αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€αžαžΆαž„(αž˜αŸ’αžαžΆαž„)
ΟƒΎ αž€αžΆαžšαžαž™αž…αž»αŸ‡αž€αŸ†αžšαžΉαž€αž‘αžΉαž€αž˜αžΆαžαŸ‹ αž–αžΈαž€αŸ’αžšαž–αŸαž‰ Sublingual αž†αŸ’αžœαŸαž„
Οƒ½ αž€αžΆαžšαžαž™αž…αž»αŸ‡αž€αŸ†αžšαžΉαžαž‘αžΉαž€αž˜αžΆαžαŸ‹αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž…αŸαž‰αž˜αž€αž–αžΈ submandibular gland αžαžΆαž„αž†αŸ’αžœαŸαž„
Οƒ½ αžŸαŸ’αž–αžΉαž€αž“αŸ…αž”αžΆαžαžαžΆαž„αž€αŸ’αžšαŸ„αž˜αž“αŸƒαž˜αžΆαžαŸ‹ (floor of the mouth) αž“αŸ…αž•αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€αžαžΆαž„αž†αŸ’αžœαŸαž„
360. αž€αžΆαžšαž”αŸ†αž”αžΆαžαŸ‹αž…αž“αŸ’αž›αŸ„αŸ‡αžαŸ’αž˜αŸ„αž… 2 mm (maxillary midline diastema) αžŠαŸ„αž™αž–αŸ’αž™αžΆαž”αžΆαž›αžαžΆαž˜αžšαž™αŸˆαž€αžΆαžšαž–αžαŸ‹αž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰ (orthodontie treatment) αž‡αžΆαž€αžΆαžšαž–αŸ’αž™αžΆαž”αžΆαž›αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœαžαžΆαž˜αž‡αŸ†αž“αžΆαž‰αž›αŸ’αž’αž”αŸ†αž•αž»αžαŸ–
Οƒ½ "αž˜αž»αž“αž“αžΉαž„αž€αžΆαžšαžŠαž»αŸ‡αž–αŸαž‰αž›αŸαž‰ (complete eruption) αž“αŸƒαž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰ maxillary central incisors.
Οƒ½ αž˜αž»αž“αž“αžΉαž„αž€αžΆαžšαžŠαž»αŸ‡αž–αŸαž‰αž›αŸαž‰ (complete reuption) αž“αŸƒαž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰ maxillary lateralicis.
Οƒ½ αž”αž“αŸ’αž‘αžΆαž”αŸ‹αž–αžΈ complete eruption αž“αŸƒ maxillary laterd incisors.
Οƒ½ αž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„αž–αŸαž›αžŠαŸƒαž› maxillary canine αžŠαž»αŸ‡αž…αŸαž‰αž˜αž€ (intra-oral emergence)
ΟƒΎ αž”αž“αŸ’αž‘αžΆαž”αŸ‹αž–αžΈ complete eruption αžšαž”αžŸαŸ‹ maxillary canine.
361. "αž’αŸ’αž“αž€αž‡αž˜αŸ’αž„αžΊαž˜αŸ’αž“αžΆαž€αŸ‹αž˜αžΆαž“αžŸαŸ’αž“αžΆαž˜αž‡αžΆαŸ†αžαžΌαž…αŸ—αž‡αžΆαž…αŸ’αžšαžΎαž“ (purpura) αž”αŸ’αžšαž αžΆαž€αŸ‹αž”αŸ’αžšαž αŸ‚αž›αž—αžΆαž‚αž…αŸ’αžšαžΎαž“αž˜αž€αž–αžΈαž€αžΆαžšαž˜αžΆαž“αž…αŸ†αž“αž½αž“αžαž·αž…αž“αŸƒ (has a low countof) αŸ–
Lymphocytes
Οƒ½ t-cells
Pletelets
Erythrocytes
Eosinophils
362. αžαžΎαž—αžΆαž–αžŸαžΎαž˜αž˜αž·αž“αž˜αŸƒαž“αž‡αžΆαž€αž˜αŸ’αž˜αžŸαž·αž‘αŸ’αž‘αžαŸ†αžšαžΌαžœαž€αžΆαžš (desirable property) αžŸαŸ†αžšαžΆαž”αŸ‹αž€αžšαžŽαžΈαžŽαžΆαž˜αž½αž™αžŠαžΌαž…αžαžΆαž„αž€αŸ’αžšαŸ„αž˜?
Οƒ½ αžŸαŸ†αž—αžΆαžšαŸˆαžŸαŸ†αžαžΆαž“αŸ‹αžαžΆαŸ†αž–αž»αž˜αŸ’αž–αž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰ (dental impression marterials)
Οƒ½ acrylic reine αžŸαŸ†αžšαžΆαž”αŸ‹αž’αŸ’αžœαžΎαž”αžΆαžαž”αžŽαŸ’αžŠαŸ„αŸ‡αž’αžΆαžŸαž“αŸ’αž“αž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰αžŸαŸ’αž“αž·αž (denture bases)
Οƒ½ composite resine αž˜αž·αž“αž”αžΆαž…αŸ‹αž”αžΆαž‰αŸ‹αž€αžΆαŸ†αžšαžŸαŸ’αž˜αžΈ
ΟƒΎ αžŸαŸ†αž—αžΆαžšαŸ‡αžŸαŸ†αžšαžΆαž”αŸ‹αž”αžΆαž‰αŸ‹αž”αž‰αŸ’αž‡αžΌαž› resins (hand instrument for placing resins)
Οƒ½ αž€αžΆαžšαžŠαž»αŸ‡ ឬ αž€αž·αž“αž²αŸ’αž™αž‘αŸ…αž‡αžΆαž˜αŸ’αžŸαŸ…αž˜αŸ‰αžαŸ‹ (trituration of amalgam)
363. "αž–αŸ’αž™αžΆαž”αžΆαž›αž”αž“αŸ’αž‘αžΆαž“αŸ‹αž™αŸ‰αžΆαž„αžŸαž€αŸ’αžαž·αžŸαž˜αž”αŸ†αž•αž»αžαžŸαŸ†αžšαžΆαž”αŸ‹αž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰αž’αž…αž·αž“αŸ’αžšαŸ’αžαŸƒαžŠαŸ‚αž›αžŠαž»αŸ‡αž–αŸαž‰αž›αŸαž‰ αž αžΎαž™αž˜αžΆαž“αžšαž›αžΆαž‚αž”αžŽαŸ’αžŠαžΌαž›αž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰αžŸαŸ’αžšαž½αž…αžŸαŸ’αžšαžΆαžœ (acute irreversible pulpitis) αž“αŸ„αŸ‡αž‚αžΊαŸ–"
Pulpotomy
Pulpectomy
Οƒ½ incision and trainage
Antibiotics
Οƒ½ αžœαŸ‡αž€αžΆαžαŸ‹αž™αž€αž…αž»αž„αžšαžΊαžŸαž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰αž…αŸ„αž› (apical surgery)
364. αžαžΎαž›αž€αŸ’αžαžŽαŸˆ ឬ αžšαžΌαž”αžšαžΆαž„ occlusion αžŽαžΆαž˜αž½αž™αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž˜αžΆαž“αž”αŸ’αžšαž™αŸ„αž‡αž“αŸαž”αŸ†αž•αž»αž αžŠαžΎαž˜αŸ’αž”αžΈαž€αŸ†αžŽαžαŸ‹ αž”αŸ’αžšαžŸαž·αž“αž”αžΎ posterior crossbite αž˜αž½αž™αž˜αžΆαž“αž”αŸ’αžšαž–αž—αž–αžΈαž‚αŸ’αžšαŸ„αž„αž†αŸ’αž’αžΉαž„ ឬ αž–αžΈαž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰αž“αŸ„αŸ‡?
Οƒ½ Anterior overbite
Οƒ½ Sagittal molar relationship
Οƒ½ αžαŸ’αžœαŸ‡αž…αž“αŸ’αž›αŸ„αŸ‡αž“αŸ…αž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„αžαŸ†αž”αž“αŸ‹αžαžΆαž„αž˜αž»αžαž“αŸƒαžαŸ’αž‚αžΆαž˜αž›αžΎ
Οƒ½ αžαŸ’αžœαŸ‡αž…αž“αŸ’αž›αŸ„αŸ‡αž“αŸ…αž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„ mandibular arch
ΟƒΎ αž˜αž»αŸ† Buccolingual αž“αŸƒαž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž˜αžΆαž“αž₯αž‘αŸ’αž’αž·αž–αž› (affected teeth)
365. "αž–αŸαž›αžœαŸαž›αžΆαžŠαŸ‚αž›αžŸαž€αŸ’αžαž·αžŸαž˜αž”αŸ†αž•αž»αžαžŸαŸ†αžšαžΆαž”αŸ‹αž€αžΆαžšαž–αŸ’αž™αžΆαž”αžΆαž›αžŠαŸ„αž™αžœαŸ‡αž€αžΆαžαŸ‹αž“αŸ…αž›αžΎαž’αŸ’αž“αž€αž‡αŸ†αž„αžΊ αžŸαŸ’αžšαŸ’αžαžΈαž˜αŸ’αž“αžΆαž€αŸ‹αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž…αž„αŸ’αž€αžΆαžšαž αž»αž…αž‘αŸ…αž˜αž»αž ( mandible prognathism ) αž‚αžΊ:"
Οƒ½ αž˜αž»αž“αž€αžΆαžšαž…αžΆαž”αŸ‹αž•αŸ’αžαžΎαž˜αž“αŸƒ αž€αžΆαžšαž›αžΌαžαž›αžΆαžŸαŸ‹αžαŸ’αžšαŸ€αž˜αž–αŸαž‰αžœαŸαž™ (prepubertal growth spurt)
Οƒ½ αž€αŸ’αžšαŸ„αž™αž€αžΆαžšαž”αž‰αŸ’αž…αž”αŸ‹αž“αŸƒαž€αžΆαžšαž›αžΌαžαž›αžΆαžŸαŸ‹αžαŸ’αžšαŸ€αž˜αž–αŸαž‰αžœαŸαž™ (just after the end of prepubertal growth spur
Οƒ½ αž˜αž»αž“αžŠαŸ†αžŽαž»αŸ‡αž“αŸƒ second permanent molars
Οƒ½ αž€αŸ’αžšαŸ„αž™αžŠαŸ†αžŽαž»αŸ‡αž“αŸƒ second permanent molars
ΟƒΎ αž”αž“αŸ’αž‘αžΆαž”αŸ‹αž–αžΈαž€αžΆαžšαž›αžΌαžαž›αžΆαžŸαŸ‹αž–αŸαž‰αž›αŸαž‰αžαŸ‚αž˜αŸ’αžαž„
366. "αž˜αž»αž“αž–αŸαž›αž…αžΆαž€αŸ‹αžαŸ’αž“αžΆαŸ† local anesthesia αž€αžΆαžšαž…αžΆαž€αŸ‹αž…αžΌαž›αž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„αžŸαžŸαŸƒ vein αž…αŸ’αžšαžΎαž“αž€αž€αžΎαž αž‰αžΉαž€αž‰αžΆαž”αŸ‹αž“αŸ…αž›αžΎαŸ–"
Οƒ½ incisive block
ΟƒΎ posterior superior alveolar block
Οƒ½ inferior alveolar block ( IDB )
Οƒ½ anterior superior alveolar block
Οƒ½ long buccal block
367. "αž’αŸ†αž–αžΈ incision αž“αžΉαž„ drainage αž“αŸƒ acute apical abscess αžαžΎαž”αŸ’αžšαž™αŸ„αž‚αžŽαžΆαžŠαžΌαž…αžαžΆαž„ αž€αŸ’αžšαŸ„αž˜ αžŠαŸ‚αž›αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ (is/are true statements) αŸ– 1. αž€αžΆαžαŸ‹αž€αŸ…αžŸαŸŠαžΌ αž‰αžΆαžαŸ‹αž…αžΌαž›αž αžΎαž™αžŠαŸαžšαžŠαžΎαž˜αŸ’αž”αžΈαž‡αžΆαž‡αŸ†αž“αž½αž™αž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„αž€αžΆαžšαž”αž„αŸ’αž αžΌαžšαžαŸ’αž‘αž»αŸ‡αž“αŸαŸ‡ 2. αž‡αžΆαžŠαŸ†αžŽαžΆαž€αŸ‹αž€αžΆαžšαž“αŸ…αžŸαŸ†αžšαžΆαž”αŸ‹αžαŸ‚αž’αŸ’αžœαžΎαž“αŸ…αž“αžΉαž„αž€αž“αŸ’αž›αŸ‚αž„αž αžΎαž˜αž αžΎαž™αž‘αž“αŸ‹ (Fluctuant swelling) 3. αž€αžΆαžšαž…αžΆαž€αŸ‹αžαŸ’αž“αžΆαŸ†αžŸαŸ’αž–αžΉαž€αž…αžΌαž›αž‡αŸ’αžšαŸ…αž‘αŸ…αž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„αž€αž“αŸ’αž›αŸ‚αž„αžŠαŸ‚αž›αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœαž’αŸ’αžœαžΎαž€αžΆαžšαžœαŸ‡αž€αžΆαžαŸ‹ αž‚αžΊαžαŸ‚αž„αžαŸ‚αž˜αž·αž“αž’αžΆαž…αž’αŸ’αžœαžΎαž‘αŸ…αž€αžΎαžαž‘αŸ 4. αž—αžΆαž–αž’αžΌαžšαžŸαŸ’αžšαžΆαž›αž“αžΌαžœαžαŸ†αžŽαžΉαž„αž“αžΉαž„αž€αžΆαžšαžˆαžΊαž…αžΆαž”αŸ‹αž€αžΎαžαž˜αžΆαž“αž—αŸ’αž›αžΆαž˜αŸ—αž€αŸ’αžšαŸ„αž™αž–αžΈαž€αžΆαžšαž–αŸ’αž™αžΆαž”αžΆαž›"
Οƒ½ (1) , (2) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (1) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (2) αž“αž·αž„ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
ΟƒΎ αž…αž˜αŸ’αž›αžΎαž™αž‘αžΆαŸ†αž„αž’αžŸαŸ‹αžαžΆαž„αž›αžΎαžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
368. "αž€αžΆαžšαž”αžΆαž‰αŸ‹αž€αž˜αŸ’αž˜αžšαžŸαŸ’αž˜αžΈαž²αžŸαŸ’αžšαž”αž™αŸ‰αžΆαž„αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœαž“αŸƒαž€αŸ’αž”αžΆαž›αž”αŸ†αž–αž„αŸ‹αž€αž˜αŸ’αž˜αžšαžŸαŸ’αž˜αžΈαž’αž·αž€αŸ’αžŸαžŠαŸαž˜αžΆαž“αž”αŸ’αžšαž™αŸ„αž‡αž“αŸαžŸαŸ†αžšαžΆαž”αŸ‹αž‘αŸ†αž αŸ† αž“αž·αž„αž…αŸ†αž„αžΆαž™αžšαž”αžŸαŸ‹αž αŸ’αžœαžΈαž›αž“αžΉαž„αž€αžΆαžαŸ‹αž”αž“αŸ’αžαž™ αŸ– 1. αž²αžšαžΌαž”αž—αžΆαž–αž…αŸ’αž”αžΆαžŸαŸ‹αž›αžΆαžŸαŸ‹ (image definition) 2. αž”αžΆαž…αžŸαžΆαž…αž“αŸƒαž€αžΆαžšαžŸαžΆαž™αž—αžΆαž™αž€αž˜αŸ’αž˜αžšαžŸαŸ’αž˜αžΈ (Scatlered radiation) 3. αžšαžΌαž”αž—αžΆαž–αžαž»αžŸαž‚αŸ’αž“αžΆ (αž•αŸ’αž‘αž»αž™αž‚αŸ’αž“αžΆ) (radiographic contrart) 4. αž€αŸ†αžšαž·αžαž”αŸ’αžšαžΎαžšαž”αžŸαŸ‹αž’αŸ’αž“αž€αž‡αŸ†αž„αžΊ (Patient dose)"
Οƒ½ (1) , (2) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (1) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
ΟƒΎ (2) αž“αž·αž„ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ αž…αž˜αŸ’αž›αžΎαž™αž‘αžΆαŸ†αž„αž’αžŸαŸ‹αžαžΆαž„αž›αžΎαžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
369. "αž’αŸ’αž“αž€αž‡αž˜αŸ’αž„αžΊαž˜αŸ’αž“αžΆαž€αŸ‹αž”αžΆαž“αž˜αž€αžαŸ’αž’αžΌαž‰αžαŸ’αž’αŸ‚αžš αž–αžŽαŸŒαž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰αž˜αž·αž“αž›αŸ’αž’ αž“αŸ…αž›αžΎαž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰ upper central incisor αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž–αžΈαž˜αž»αž“αž˜αž€αž˜αž·αž“αž’αŸ’αž›αžΆαž”αŸ‹αž”αŸ‰αŸ‡αž”αž·αž‘αž’αžΈαžŸαŸ„αŸ‡αŸ” αž˜αžΎαž›αžαžΆαž˜αž αŸ’αž…αžΈαž› x-ray αžŸαž€αŸ’αžαžΈαž—αžΆαž–αžŽαžΆαž˜αž½αž™αž”αž‰αŸ’αž‡αžΆαž€αŸ‹αžαžΆαž˜αžΆαž“ Caries αž“αž·αž„ periodontal ligament pace αž›αŸαž…αžšαžΌαž”αžšαžΆαž„αž‘αžΎαž„ αžŽαžΆαž“αŸ…αž’αž˜αŸ’αž˜αžαžΆαž“αŸαŸ‡αž‘αŸαŸ” αž€αžΆαžšαž–αŸ’αž™αžΆαž”αžΆαž›αžŠαŸ‚αž›αžŸαž€αŸ’αž€αž·αžŸαž˜αž”αŸ†αž•αž»αžαž“αŸ„αŸ‡αž“αžΉαž„:
Οƒ½ αž’αŸ’αžœαžΎ root canal treatment αž“αž·αž„ nonvital bleaching
Οƒ½ αž’αŸ’αžœαžΎ root canal treatment αž“αž·αž„αž”αž„αŸ’αž€αžΎαž post αžŠαžΆαž€αŸ‹ porcelain fused to mental crown
Οƒ½ αž’αŸ’αžœαžΎ RCT αž αžΎαž™αž”αž„αŸ’αž€αžΎαžαž‡αžΆ a porcelain veneer
Οƒ½ αž”αž„αŸ’αž€αžΎαžαž‡αžΆ a porcelain fused to metal crown
ΟƒΎ αž”αž„αŸ’αž€αžΎαžαž‡αžΆ porcelain veneer
370. αž€αžΆαžšαž–αŸ’αž™αžΆαž”αžΆαž›αž€αžΆαžšαžŸαž“αŸ’αž›αž”αŸ‹ (syncope) αž”αž“αŸ’αž‘αžΆαž”αŸ‹αž–αžΈαž…αžΆαž€αŸ‹ local anesthesia αž˜αž·αž“αž”αžΌαž€αžšαž½αž˜αž‘αžΆαŸ†αž„αŸ–
Οƒ½ αž›αžΎαž€αž‡αžΎαž„αž‘αžΆαŸ†αž„αž–αžΈαžšαž‘αžΎαž„αž›αžΎ
Οƒ½ αžŠαžΆαž€αŸ‹αž’αŸ„αž™αžŠαŸαž€αž•αŸ’αž„αžΆαžš
Οƒ½ αž”αž‰αŸ’αž‡αžΌαž“αž’αž»αž€αžŸαŸŠαžΈαžŸαŸ‚αž“
Οƒ½ αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœαž’αžΆαž“αžΆαžαžΆαž”αŸ†αž–αž„αŸ‹αžαŸ’αž™αž›αŸ‹αž”αžΆαž“αž”αžΎαž€αž…αŸ†αž αžš
ΟƒΎ αž…αžΆαž€αŸ‹ Adrenalin
371. αž‡αžΆαž€αžΆαžšαž”αž“αŸ’αžαŸ‚αž˜αž‘αŸ…αž“αžΉαž„αž’αž»αž€αžŸαŸŠαžΈαžŸαŸ‚αž“ αžαŸ’αž“αžΆαŸ†αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž‡αžΆαž‡αž˜αŸ’αžšαžΎαžŸαž›αŸ’αž’αžŸαŸ†αžšαžΆαž”αŸ‹αž–αŸ’αž™αžΆαž”αžΆαž› αž‡αŸ†αž„αžΊαž…αž»αž€αž‘αŸ’αžšαžΌαž„ (angina) αž‚αžΊαŸ–
Epinephrine
Οƒ½ acetylsalicylic acid
Diphenhydramine
Nitroglyeerin
Atropine
372. ឝើ analgesics αžŽαžΆαž˜αž½αž™αžαžΆαž„αž€αŸ’αžšαŸ„αž˜ αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž˜αž·αž“αž‚αž½αžšαž™αž€αž‘αŸ…αž”αŸ’αžšαžΎαž”αŸ’αžšαžΆαžŸαŸ‹αž–αŸ’αžšαž˜αž‚αŸ’αž“αžΆαž‡αžΆαž˜αž½αž™αž€αžΆαžšαž”αŸ’αžšαžΎ warfarin?
Acetaminophen
ΟƒΎ Acetylsalicylic Acid.
Codeine
Meperidine
Oxycodone
373. "αž˜αžΌαž›αž αŸαžαž»αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž”αŸ’αžšαž αžΆαž€αŸ‹αž”αŸ’αžšαž αŸ‚αž›αž”αŸ†αž•αž»αžαž“αŸƒαž€αžΆαžšαž”αžΆαž€αŸ‹αž”αŸ‚αž€ porcelain αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž’αŸ’αžœαžΎαž’αŸ„αž™ αž›αŸαž…αž…αŸαž‰αž“αžΌαžœ metal αž“αŸ…αž–αžΈαž€αŸ’αžšαŸ„αž˜ αž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„αž€αžšαžŽαžΈ metal ceramic bridge αž˜αž½αž™αž“αŸ„αŸ‡αž‚αžΊαŸ–"
ΟƒΎ αž—αžΆαž–αžšαž›αžΆαžŸαŸ‹αž“αŸƒ bridge αž“αŸ…αž–αžΈαž€αŸ’αžšαŸ„αž˜αž”αž“αŸ’αž‘αž»αž€αž“αŸƒαž˜αž»αžαž‘αŸ†αž–αžΆαžš (occlusal load).
Οƒ½ Maxillary third molar.
Οƒ½ Mandibular first molar
Οƒ½ Mandibular third molar
Οƒ½ Mandibular lateral incisor.
374. "αž“αŸ…αž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„αž€αžšαžŽαžΈ periradicular abscess αžŠαŸαžŸαŸ’αžšαž½αž…αžŸαŸ’αžšαžΆαžœαž˜αž½αž™ αžαžΎαž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰αžŽαžΆαž˜αž½αž™αžŠαŸ‚αž› αž…αŸ’αžšαžΎαž“αžšαžΆαž›αžŠαžΆαž› infection αž‘αŸ… submandibular space?"
Οƒ½ Mandibular second bicuspid.
Οƒ½ Maxillary third molar.
Οƒ½ Mandibular first molar
ΟƒΎ Mandibular third molar
Οƒ½ Mandibular lateral incisor.
375. "Antibiotic αž‡αžΆαž‡αŸ†αžšαžΎαžŸαžŸαŸ†αžšαžΆαž”αŸ‹αž–αŸ’αž™αžΆαž”αžΆαž›αž”αžΌαžŸαž“αŸ…αž‡αž»αŸ†αžœαž·αž‰αž¬αžŸαž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰(a periradicular dental abscess) αž‚αžΊαŸ– "
ΟƒΎ penicillin V
Cephalosporin
Οƒ½ erythromycin
Metronidzole
Ampicillin
376. αž’αŸ’αž“αž€αž‡αŸ†αž„αžΊαž˜αŸ’αž“αžΆαž€αŸ‹αž’αžΆαž™αž» 15αž†αŸ’αž“αžΆαŸ† αž˜αžΆαž“αž€αžΆαž…αžΆαž€αŸ’αžšαž αžΈαž„αž€αŸ’αžšαž αžΌαž„αžαž»αžŸαž–αžΈαž’αž˜αŸ’αž˜αžαžΆ (hypoplastic enamel) αž›αžΎαž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰αž›αŸαž 15 αžαŸ‚αž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰αž•αŸ’αžŸαŸαž„αž‘αŸ€αžαž›αŸ’αž’αž‡αžΆαž”αŸ’αžšαž€αŸ’αžšαžαžΈαž˜αžΌαž›αž αŸαžαž»αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž”αŸ’αžšαž αžΆαž€αŸ‹αž”αŸ’αžšαž αŸ‚αž›αž”αŸ†αž•αž»αžαž“αŸ„αŸ‡ αž˜αž€αž–αžΈαŸ–
Οƒ½ αž€αžΆαžšαžαŸ’αžœαŸ‡αžœαžΈαžαžΆαž˜αžΈαž“ D
Οƒ½ αž€αžΆαžšαžαŸ’αžœαŸ‡ calcium αž‘αžΌαž‘αŸ… (generaliged calcium deficiency)
Οƒ½ αž‚αŸ’αžšαž»αž“αž€αŸ’αžαŸ…αž€αžΎαžαž‘αžΎαž„αž–αŸαž›αž’αŸ’αž˜αž€αž‡αŸ†αž„αžΊαž˜αžΆαž“αž‡αŸ†αž„αžΊαž€αž‰αŸ’αžšαŸ’αž‡αž·αž›αž“αŸ…αž’αžΆαž™αž» 3 αž†αŸ’αž“αžΆαŸ†
ΟƒΎ αž˜αžΆαž“ infection αž›αžΎαž’αŸ’αž˜αžΆαž‰ 55 αž“αŸ…αž’αŸ†αž‘αž»αž„αž–αŸαž›αž€αŸ†αž–αž»αž„αžšαžΈαž€αž›αžΌαžαž›αžΆαžŸαŸ‹αž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰αž›αŸαž15
Οƒ½ αž€αžαŸ’αžαžΆαžαŸ†αžŽαžšαž–αžΌαž‡ ( hereditary factor )
377. "αž’αŸ’αž“αž€αž‡αŸ†αž„αžΊαž˜αŸ’αž“αžΆαž€αŸ‹αžαŸ’αž’αžΌαž‰αžαŸ’αž’αŸ‚αžšαžαžΆ αž˜αžΆαž“αž€αžΆαžšαžˆαžΊαž…αžΆαž”αŸ‹αžŸαŸ’αžšαž½αž…αžŸαŸ’αžšαžΆαžœαžšαž™αŸˆαž–αŸαž› αŸ’αŸ€αž˜αŸ‰αŸ„αž„ αž”αž“αŸ’αž‘αžΆαž”αŸ‹αž–αžΈ αž”αž·αž‘αž”αŸ‰αŸ‡αž‘αŸ…αž›αžΎαž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰αžŠαŸ„αž™αž˜αž·αž“αž”αžΆαž“αž–αž·αž“αž·αžαŸ’αž™αž˜αžΎαž› αž‡αž»αŸ†αžœαž·αž‰αž«αžŸαž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰αž‡αžΆαž˜αž»αž“αž“αŸ„αŸ‡αž‘αŸαŸ”αž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰αž“αŸ…αžšαžŸαŸ‹ αž“αž·αž„αžˆαžΊαž…αžΆαž”αŸ‹αž–αŸαž›αž‚αŸαž‚αŸ„αŸ‡αžœαžΆ αž“αŸ…αž›αžΎ αž αŸ’αžœαžΈαž›αž€αžΆαŸ†αžšαžŸαŸ’αž˜αžΈαž’αž·αž€αŸ’αžŸαž“αžΉαž„αž”αž„αŸ’αž αžΆαž‰αŸ–"
Οƒ½ an apical radiolucency
Οƒ½ αžšαž›αžΆαž‚αž†αŸ’αž’αžΊαž„αžŸαŸ’αžšαž½αž…αžŸαŸ’αžšαžΆαžœ (acute osteitis)
Οƒ½ root resorption
Οƒ½ condensing osteitis
ΟƒΎ normal lamina dura
378. αž’αŸ’αž“αž€αž‡αŸ†αž„αžΊαž’αžΆαž™αž» ៀαŸ₯αž†αŸ’αž“αžΆαŸ† αž˜αžΆαž“αž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰αž…αŸ†αž“αž½αž“ ៣្ αž“αŸ…αž›αŸ’αž’αž˜αž·αž“αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž’αŸ’αž›αžΆαž”αŸ‹αž”αž·αž‘αž”αŸ‰αŸ‡ αž’αŸ’αžœαžΈαžŠαŸ‚αž›αž˜αžΆαž“αž“αŸ…αž›αžΎαž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰αž€αŸ’αžšαŸ„αž™αž‘αžΆαŸ†αž„αž“αŸ„αŸ‡αž‚αžΊ grooves αž‡αŸ’αžšαŸ…αŸ—αž“αžΉαž„αž˜αžΆαž“ stian αž‘αŸ€αžαž•αž„αŸ”αžαžΆαž˜αž€αžΆαžšαž–αž·αž“αž·αžαŸ’αž™αž‚αŸ’αž›αžΈαž“αžΈαž€ αž‚αŸ’αž˜αžΆαž“αžŸαž€αŸ’αžαžΈαž—αžΆαž–αžŽαžΆαž”αž‰αŸ’αž‡αžΆαž€αŸ‹αžαžΆ grooves αž‘αžΆαŸ†αž„αž“αŸ„αŸ‡αž˜αžΆαž“ caries αž‘αŸαŸ” αž‡αŸ†αžšαžΎαžŸαž“αŸƒαž€αžΆαžšαž–αŸ’αž™αžΆαž”αžΆαž›αžŠαŸαž›αŸ’αž’αž“αŸ„αŸ‡αž‚αžΊαŸ–
Οƒ½ αž’αŸ’αžœαžΎ sealant αž›αžΎ pits αž“αž·αž„ fissures
Οƒ½ αž”αž·αž‘αž”αŸ‰αŸ‡αžŠαŸ„αž™ resin αžŠαžΎαž˜αŸ’αž”αžΈαž€αžΆαžšαž–αžΆαžš (preventive resin restoration)
Οƒ½ αž”αž·αžαž”αŸ‰αŸ‡αžŠαŸ„αž™ amalgam class I αžŠαžΎαž˜αŸ’αž”αžΈαž€αžΆαžšαž–αžΆαžš (conservative class I amalgams)
Οƒ½ αžαžΆαžαŸ‹αžŸαŸ†αž’αžΆαžαž™αž€ stian αž…αŸαž‰ (prophylactic odomtotomy)
ΟƒΎ no treat ment
379. αž’αŸ’αž“αž€αž‡αŸ†αž„αžΉαž˜αŸ’αž“αžΆαž€αŸ‹αž”αžΆαž“αžŠαžΆαž€αŸ‹αžŸαž“αŸ’αž‘αŸ‡αž”αŸαŸ‡αžŠαžΌαž„αžŸαž·αž”αŸ’αž”αž“αž·αž˜αž·αžαŸ’αž (Prosthetic heart valve) αž“αž·αž„ allergy αž‘αŸ…αž“αžΉαž„ penicillin αŸ” αžαŸ’αž“αžΆαŸ† antibiotic αžŠαŸ‚αž›αžŸαž€αŸ’αžαž·αžŸαž˜αž”αŸ†αž•αž»αžαžŸαŸ†αžšαžΆαž”αŸ‹αž›αŸαž” αž€αžΆαžšαž–αžΆαžšαž“αŸ„αŸ‡ αž‚αžΊαŸ–
Erythromycin
Metronidazole
Amoxillin
Tetracyclin
Clindamycin
380. Palget's disease αž‚αžΊαŸ–
Οƒ½ αž€αŸ†αžŽαžαŸ‹αž‘αŸ…αž›αžΎ craniofacial bones.
Οƒ½ αžšαž½αž˜αž•αŸ’αžŸαŸ†αž‡αžΆαž˜αž½αž™αž€αžΆαžšαž…αž»αŸ‡αžαž™ alkaline phosphatase.
Οƒ½ αžšαž½αž˜αž•αŸ’αžŸαŸ†αž‡αžΆαž˜αž½αž™ a ground glass radiographic appearance.
ΟƒΎ αžšαž½αž˜αž•αŸ’αžŸαŸ†αž™αŸ‰αžΆαž„αžŸαžΆαž˜αž‰αŸ’αž‰αž‡αžΆαž˜αž½αž™αž€αžΆαžšαžˆαžΊαž…αžΆαž”αŸ‹αž†αŸ’αž’αžΉαž„
Οƒ½ αž”αžΆαž“αžƒαžΎαž‰αž™αŸ‰αžΆαž„αžŸαŸ†αž”αžΌαžšαž”αŸ†αž•αž»αžαž“αŸ…αž›αžΎ mandible
381. αžαŸ’αž“αžΆαŸ† antipyretic αž˜αž½αž™αž’αŸ’αžœαžΎαž’αŸ„αž™αŸ–
ΟƒΎ αž”αž“αŸ’αžαž™αž‚αŸ’αžšαž»αžŽαž€αŸ’αžαŸ… (reduces fever)
Οƒ½ αž•αŸ’αžŠαž›αŸ‹αž’αŸ„αž™αž“αžΌαžœαž€αžΆαžšαž”αžΆαžαŸ‹αžˆαžΊαž…αžΆαž”αŸ‹ (provides analgesia)
Οƒ½ αž’αŸ’αžœαžΎαž’αŸ„αž™αž”αžΆαžαŸ‹αž”αž„αŸ‹αžœαž·αž‰αŸ’αž‰αžΆαžŽ (causes loss of consciousness)
Οƒ½ αž”αž„αŸ’αž€αžΎαžαž€αŸ†αžŠαŸ…αž“αŸƒαž€αžΆαžšαžŠαžΉαž„αž‰αžΆαžŽ (creates heat sensitivities)
Οƒ½ αž„αžΆαž™αž“αžΉαž„αž€αžΎαžαžœαž·αž”αžαŸ’αžαž·αž”αŸ’αžšαž€αžΆαž…αŸ‹αž†αŸ’αž€αž½αžαž‡αŸ’αžšαžΌαž€ (counters the tendency for epileptic seizures)
382. αž”αžΆαž€αŸ‹αž†αŸ’αž’αžΉαž„αžαŸ’αž‚αžΆαž˜αž€αŸ’αžšαŸ„αž˜ αžŸαŸ’αž“αžΆαž˜αž”αžΆαž€αŸ‹αž†αŸ’αž›αž„αž€αžΆαžαŸ‹αžšαžŽαŸ’αžαŸ…αž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰ αžŸαŸ’αžαž·αžαž“αŸ…αž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„αž…αŸ†αžŽαžΆαžαŸ‹αžαŸ’αž“αžΆαž€αŸ‹αž“αŸƒαŸ–
Simple
Compuond
Greenstick
Comminuted
Displaced
383. "αžšαž›αžΆαž‚αž†αŸ’αž’αžΉαž„ alveolar αž€αŸ’αžšαŸ„αž™αž–αŸαž›αžŠαž€αž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰ (post-extraction alveolar osteitis or dry shocket) αžœαžΆαž”αž„αŸ’αž αžΆαž‰αž›αž€αŸ’αžαžŽαŸˆαž‚αŸ’αž›αžΈαž“αžΈαž€αž‡αžΆαŸ–"
Οƒ½ αž αžΎαž˜αžšαžΉαž„ αž“αž·αž„αž‚αŸ’αžšαž»αžŽαž€αŸ’αžαŸ… (an indurated swelling and fever)
Οƒ½ αžˆαžΊαž”αžΆαžαŸ‹αŸ— αžˆαžΊαžαŸ’αž›αžΆαŸ†αž„ intermittent, sharp, lancinating pain with no swelling.
Οƒ½ ecchymosis of oral mucous membrances with local tenderness.
ΟƒΎ continuous severe pain with no swelling
Οƒ½ a socket oozing blood-tinged fluid and pus.
384. "ឝើ antibiotics αžŽαžΆαž˜αž½αž™ αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž‚αŸαž“αž·αž™αž˜αž”αŸ’αžšαžΎαžŸαŸ†αžšαžΆαž”αŸ‹αž–αŸ’αž™αžΆαž”αžΆαž›αž’αŸ’αž“αž€αž‡αŸ†αž„αžΊαžŠαŸ‚αž›αž˜αžΆαž“ compound fracture αž“αŸ…αž›αžΎαž†αŸ’αž’αžΉαž„αžαŸ’αž‚αžΆαž˜αž€αŸ’αžšαŸ„αž˜?"
Chloromycetin
Tetracycline
Penicillin
Erythromycin
Nystatin
385. αžαžΎαžŽαžΆαž˜αž½αž™αžŠαžΌαž…αžαžΆαž„αž€αŸ’αžšαŸ„αž˜ αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž’αžΆαž…αž‡αžΆαž˜αžΌαž›αž αŸαžαž»αž”αžŽαŸ’αžŠαžΆαž›αž˜αž€αž–αžΈαž”αŸ†αžŽαŸ‡αž”αŸ‰αŸ‡αž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰αžαŸ’αž˜αžΈαŸ—αž˜αž½αž™αžŠαŸ‚αž›αžšαŸ†αžαžΆαž“αžŠαž›αŸ‹ occlusion?
Οƒ½ Apical abscess
Οƒ½ Pulpal necrosis
ΟƒΎ Apical periodontitis
Gingivitis
Οƒ½ E.
386. αž€αžΆαžšαž”αŸ†αž”αžΆαžαŸ‹αž…αž“αŸ’αž›αŸ„αŸ‡ αžœαžΆαž€αžΎαžαž‘αžΎαž„αž™αŸ‰αžΆαž„αžαž·αž…αž”αŸ†αž•αž»αž αž”αž“αŸ’αž‘αžΆαž”αŸ‹αž–αžΈαž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰αž–αŸ’αžšαŸƒαž‡αŸ’αžšαž»αŸ‡αž˜αž»αž“αž€αžΆαž›αž€αŸ†αžŽαžαŸ‹αŸ–
Οƒ½ maxillary second molar.
Οƒ½ mandibular second molar.
Οƒ½ maxillary first molar.
Οƒ½ mandibular canine.
ΟƒΎ maxillary central incisor.
387. αž€αžΆαžšαžŠαž€αž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰ maxillary deciduous central incisor αž“αŸ…αž’αžΆαž™αž» αŸ¦αž†αŸ’αž“αžΆαŸ† αž“αžΉαž„αž”αžŽαŸ’αžαžΆαž›αž²αŸ’αž™αŸ–
Οƒ½ αž”αžΆαžαŸ‹αž”αž„αŸ‹ intercanine space.
Οƒ½ αž”αž„αŸ’αž€αžΎαž“ intercanine space.
ΟƒΎ αž‚αŸ’αž˜αžΆαž“αž€αžΆαžšαž”αŸ’αžšαŸ‚αž”αŸ’αžšαž½αž› intercanine space.
Οƒ½ αž”αž„αŸ’αž€αžΎαž“ overbite.
Οƒ½ αž”αž„αŸ’αž€αžΎαž“ overjet.
388. αž€αžαŸ’αžαžΆαžŸαŸ†αžαžΆαž“αŸ‹αž”αŸ†αž•αž»αžαž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„αž€αžΆαžšαžœαŸ‡αž€αžΆαžαŸ‹αž™αž€αžαŸ’αž‚αžΆαž˜αž‘αžΆαž›αŸ‹αž…αŸαž‰ αž‚αžΊαŸ–
Οƒ½ αž†αžΆαž”αž™αž€αž†αŸ’αž’αžΉαž„αž…αŸαž‰αž’αŸ„αž™αž”αžΆαž“αž‚αŸ’αžšαž”αŸ‹αž‚αŸ’αžšαžΆαž“αŸ‹ (Removal of enough bone)
ΟƒΎ Preoperative assessment
Οƒ½ The flap design
Οƒ½ αž…αžΆαž€αŸ‹αžαŸ’αž“αžΆαŸ†αžŸαž“αŸ’αž›αž”αŸ‹ (The use of general anaesthetic)
Οƒ½ E.
389. A malignant lesion αž“αŸ…αž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„αž†αŸ’αž’αžΉαž„αž’αžΆαž…αžšαž½αž˜αž”αž‰αŸ’αž…αžΌαž›αž“αžΌαžœαžŸαž‰αŸ’αž‰αžΆαžŠαžΌαž…αžαžΆαž„αž€αŸ’αžšαŸ„αž˜ αž›αžΎαž€αž›αŸ‚αž„αžαŸ‚αŸ–
Pain
Paresthesia
Οƒ½ Tooth displacement
Οƒ½ Tooth resorption
ΟƒΎ Soft mobile regional lymph
390. αžœαžαŸ’αžαž˜αžΆαž“αž“αŸƒ anterior diastemas αž“αž·αž„αž„αžΆαž€αž‘αŸ…αžαžΆαž„ distal αžšαž”αžŸαŸ‹ maxillary incisors αž›αžΎαž€αž»αž˜αžΆαžšαž’αžΆαž™αž» αŸ©αž†αŸ’αž“αžΆαŸ† αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž‘αŸ†αž“αž„αž”αŸ†αž•αž»αžαž‘αŸ…αž“αžΉαž„αŸ–
Οƒ½ αžšαž½αž˜αž”αž‰αŸ’αž…αžΌαž›αž“αžΉαž„ class II devision II malocclusion.
Οƒ½ αž‘αžΆαž€αŸ‹αž‘αž„αž‘αŸ…αž“αžΉαž„αžœαžαŸ’αžαž˜αžΆαž“αž“αŸƒ mesiodents.
ΟƒΎ αž’αžΆαž…αž”αž·αž‘αž‡αž·αžαž…αž“αŸ’αž›αŸ„αŸ‡αžœαž·αž‰αžŠαŸ„αž™αžαŸ’αž›αž½αž“αž―αž„ (self correct)
Οƒ½ αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœαž€αžΆαžš orthodontic treatment
Οƒ½ αžšαž½αž˜αž”αž‰αŸ’αž…αžΌαž›αž‡αžΆαž˜αž½αž™αž€αžΆαžšαž”αžΆαžαŸ‹αž”αž„αŸ‹αž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰αž–αžΈαž€αŸ†αžŽαžΎαž
391. "αž€αžΆαžšαž”αžΆαž€αŸ‹ condyle αž†αŸ’αž’αžΉαž„αžαŸ’αž‚αžΆαž˜αž€αŸ’αžšαŸ„αž˜αž˜αž½αž™αž…αŸ†αž αŸ€αž„αž“αŸ…αž›αžΎαž€αž»αž˜αžΆαžšαž˜αŸ’αž“αžΆαž€αŸ‹αŸ– (A unilateral fracture of the mandibular condyle in a child)"
Οƒ½ αž“αžΉαž„αž˜αž·αž“αž‡αŸ‡αž₯αž‘αŸ’αž’αž·αž–αž›αž‘αŸ…αž›αžΎαž€αžΆαžšαžšαžΈαž€αž›αžΌαžαž›αžΆαžŸαŸ‹αžšαž”αžŸαŸ‹αž†αŸ’αž’αžΉαž„αžαŸ’αž‚αžΆαž˜αž€αŸ’αžšαŸ„αž˜αž“αŸ…αžαŸ’αž„αŸƒαž’αž“αžΆαž‚αžαž‘αŸ
Οƒ½ αž“αžΉαž„αž•αŸ’αžαž›αŸ‹αž’αŸ„αž™αž˜αžΆαž“ ankylosis αž›αžΎαžŸαž“αŸ’αž›αžΆαž€αŸ‹αž†αŸ’αž’αžΉαž„αžαŸ’αž‚αžΆαž˜
ΟƒΎ αž’αžΆαž…αž•αŸ’αžαž›αŸ‹αž›αž‘αŸ’αž’αž•αž›αž’αŸ„αž™αž˜αžΆαž“αž€αžΆαžšαž›αžΌαžαž›αžΆαžŸαŸ‹αž†αŸ’αž’αžΉαž„αžαŸ’αž‚αžΆαž˜αž€αŸ’αžšαŸ„αž˜αž˜αž·αž“αžŸαŸ’αž˜αžΎαž‚αŸ’αž“αžΆ(asymmetrical mandibular growth)
Οƒ½ αžšαžΆαžšαžΆαŸ†αž„αžŠαž›αŸ‹αž€αžΆαžšαžšαžΈαž€αž›αžΌαžαž›αžΆαžŸαŸ‹αžšαž”αžŸαŸ‹ mandibular molar (inhibits mandibular molar development)
Οƒ½ αž“αžΉαž„αž•αŸ’αžαž›αŸ‹αž›αž‘αŸ’αž’αž•αž›αž‘αŸ…αž‡αžΆ class II malocclusion
392. ឝើ microorganisms αžŽαžΆαž˜αž½αž™ αž˜αžΆαž“αž…αŸ’αžšαžΎαž“αž‡αžΆαž„αž‚αŸαž“αŸ…αž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„ plaque αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž‘αžΎαž”αž€αž€αžΎαžαžαŸ’αž˜αžΈαŸ—? (which microorganisms predomenate in early plaque?)
Οƒ½ Gram-positive aerobic rods.
Οƒ½ Gram-negative aerobic rods.
ΟƒΎ Gram-positive aerobic cocci.
Οƒ½ Gram-negative aerobic cocci.
Οƒ½ Gram-positive anaerobic cocci.
393. "αž“αŸ…αž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„ synthesizing αž“αž·αž„ secreting antibodies, cell αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž˜αžΆαž“αžŸαž€αž˜αŸ’αž˜αž—αžΆαž–αžαŸ’αž›αžΆαŸ†αž„αž‡αžΆαž„αž‚αŸ αž‚αžΊαŸ– (in synthesizing and secreting antibodies, the most active cell in the)"
Οƒ½ mast cell.
Macrophage
Οƒ½ eosinophilic granulocyte.
ΟƒΎ lasma cell.
Οƒ½ T-cell lymphocyte.
394. "αžαžΎαžŽαžΆαž˜αž½αž™αž“αŸƒ class II Division 1 maloclusion αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž—αžΆαž‚αž…αŸ’αžšαžΎαž“αž‚αŸαž–αžαŸ‹αžαž˜αŸ’αžšαž„αŸ‹αžŠαŸ„αž™ cervical headgear? 1. Retrognathic Mandible 2. Prognathic Maxilla 3. αž€αžΎαž“αž€αž˜αŸ’αž–αžŸαŸ‹αž•αŸ’αž‘αŸƒαž˜αž»αžαž•αŸ’αž“αŸ‚αž€αž˜αž»αž αž€αŸ’αžšαŸ„αž˜ (Increased lower anterior face height) 4. Increased overbite"
Οƒ½ (1) αž“αž·αž„ (2) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (1) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
ΟƒΎ (2) αž“αž·αž„ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ αž…αž˜αŸ’αž›αžΎαž™αž‘αžΆαŸ†αž„αž’αžŸαŸ‹αžαžΆαž„αž›αžΎαžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
395. The Fovea Palatini are a landmark to determine which part of the boundary of the upper denture?
ΟƒΎ Post dam
Οƒ½ Buccal flanges
Οƒ½ Labial flanges
Οƒ½ Retromolar pad
Οƒ½ E.
396. "αž”αž“αŸ’αž‘αžΆαž”αŸ‹αž–αžΈαž”αžΆαž“αž”αž‰αŸ’αž…αž”αŸ‹ αž€αžΆαžšαž™αž€αž€αŸ†αž‘αŸαž…αž€αŸ†αž‘αžΈαž…αŸαž‰αžŠαŸ„αž™αž”αŸ’αžšαžΎ chemo-mechanical αž“αŸ…αž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„αž€αžΆαžšαž–αŸ’αž™αžΆαž”αžΆαž› endodontic αž’αŸ’αž“αž€αžŸαž„αŸ’αžƒαžΉαž˜αžαžΆαž“αžΉαž„αž”αžΆαž“αŸ– 1. αž™αž€αž…αŸαž‰αž“αžΌαžœαž‡αžΆαž›αž·αž€αžΆαž‘αžΆαŸ†αž„αž’αžŸαŸ‹αž–αžΈαž”αŸ’αžšαž–αŸαž“αŸ’αž’αžšαž“αŸ’αž’αžšαžΊαžŸαž‘αžΆαŸ†αž„αž˜αžΌαž› 2. αžšαŸ†αž›αŸ„αž„αžŠαŸ„αž™αž˜αŸ‰αžΆαžŸαŸŠαžΈαž“αžŠαž›αŸ‹αž…αž„αŸ’αž’αžΌαžšαžαžΌαž…αŸ— canals 3. αž”αžŽαŸ’αžαžΆαž›αž’αŸ„αž™αž˜αžΆαž“αžšαž›αžΆαž‚αžαŸ’αž›αŸ‡αŸ—αž‡αžΆαž”αžŽαŸ’αžαŸ„αŸ‡αž’αžΆαžŸαž“αŸ’αž“ 4. αžšαŸ†αž„αžΆαž”αŸ‹αž˜αŸαžšαŸ„αž‚αž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„αžšαž“αŸ’αž’αžšαžΊαžŸ 5. αž”αž“αŸ’αžŸαž›αŸ‹αž€αž“αŸ’αž›αŸ‚αž„αžαŸ’αž›αŸ‡αž“αŸƒαž”αŸ’αžšαž–αŸαž“αŸ’αž’αžšαž“αŸ’αž’αžšαžΊαžŸ αž›αžΆαž„αžŸαŸ†αž’αžΆαžαž˜αž·αž“αž’αžŸαŸ‹"
Οƒ½ (1) , (2) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
ΟƒΎ (1) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (2) αž“αž·αž„ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ αž…αž˜αŸ’αž›αžΎαž™αž‘αžΆαŸ†αž„αž’αžŸαŸ‹αžαžΆαž„αž›αžΎαžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
397. A patient with a lower denture complains of paresthesia of the lower lip. The most common cause is:
Οƒ½ Pressure on mental nerve
Οƒ½ Pressure on the mylohyoid muscle
Οƒ½ A malignant tumour in the bone
ΟƒΎ Trigeminal neuralgia
Οƒ½ E.
398. "The main nerve supplying the TMJ is: "
ΟƒΎ Auriculotemporal Nerve
Οƒ½ Nerve to masseter
Οƒ½ Facial nerve
Οƒ½ Zygomaticotemporal nerve
Οƒ½ Opthalmic branch of trigeminal nerve
399. Endodontic therapy αž αžΆαž˜αž’αŸ’αžœαžΎαž›αžΎαž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰αŸ–
ΟƒΎ Periodontal αž‘αž”αŸ‹αž‘αŸ’αžšαžšαž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰αž˜αž·αž“αž‚αŸ’αžšαž”αŸ‹αž‚αŸ’αžšαžΆαž“αŸ‹ (Inadequate periodontal support)
Οƒ½ Pulp stone
Οƒ½ αžšαž“αŸ’αž’αžšαžΊαžŸαžšαž½αž‰ (Contracted root canal)
Οƒ½ αž˜αžΆαž“αžšαž“αŸ’αž’αžšαžΊαžŸαž”αž“αŸ’αž‘αžΆαž”αŸ‹αž”αž“αŸ’αžŸαŸ†αž…αŸ’αžšαžΎαž“ (Accessary root canal)
Οƒ½ αžšαžΊαžŸαž€αŸ„αž„ (Curve root)
400. Periapical surgery αž αžΆαž˜αž’αŸ’αžœαžΎαž“αŸ…αž›αžΎαž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž˜αžΆαž“αŸ–
Οƒ½ Large priapical rarefaction
Οƒ½ Fistula related to aperiapical lesion.
ΟƒΎ Vertical root fracture.
Οƒ½ Fracture of the root apex and a necrotic pulp.
Οƒ½ A post core retained crown.
401. αž’αŸ’αž“αž€αž‡αŸ†αž„αžΊαž˜αŸ’αž“αžΆαž€αŸ‹αž”αžΆαž“αž‘αžΌαžšαžŸαž–αŸ’αž‘αž”αŸ’αžšαžΆαž”αŸ‹αž’αŸ’αž“αž€αžαžΆ αž‚αžΆαžαŸ‹αž”αžΆαž“αž”αŸ‰αŸ‡αž‘αž„αŸ’αž‚αž·αž…αž‡αŸ’αžšαž»αŸ‡αž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰αž˜αž»αžαžšαž”αžŸαŸ‹αž‚αžΆαžαŸ‹ αžαŸ‚αž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰αž“αŸ…αž’αž˜αŸ’αž˜αžαžΆαŸ” αžŠαŸ†αž”αžΌαž“αŸ’αž˜αžΆαž“αžšαž”αžŸαŸ‹αž’αŸ’αž“αž€αž…αŸ†αž–αŸ„αŸ‡αž‚αžΆαžαŸ‹αž‚αž½αžšαžαŸ‚αŸ–
Οƒ½ αžŠαžΆαž€αŸ‹αž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰αž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„αž‘αžΉαž€ αž αžΎαž™αž˜αž€αž‡αž½αž”αž“αžΉαž„αž‘αž“αŸ’αžαž–αŸαž‘αŸ’αž™
Οƒ½ αžαŸ’αž…αž”αŸ‹αž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰αž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„αž€αŸ’αžšαžŠαžΆαžŸαž‡αžΌαžαž˜αžΆαžαŸ‹ αž αžΎαž™αž’αŸ„αž™αž‚αžΆαžαŸ‹αž˜αž€αž‚αŸ’αž›αžΈαž“αž·αž€αžšαž”αžŸαŸ‹αž’αŸ’αž“αž€αžšαž™αŸˆαž–αŸαž›αŸ‘αžŸαž”αŸ’αžαžΆαž αŸ
Οƒ½ αžŠαžΆαž€αŸ‹αž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰αž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„αž’αžΆαž€αž»αž› αž αžΎαž™αž’αŸ„αž™αž‚αžΆαžαŸ‹αž˜αž€αž‚αŸ’αž›αžΈαž“αž·αž€αžšαž”αžŸαŸ‹αž’αŸ’αž“αž€αž—αŸ’αž›αžΆαž˜αŸ—
Οƒ½ αžŠαžΆαž€αŸ‹αž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰αž€αŸ’αžšαŸ„αž˜αž’αžŽαŸ’αžαžΆαžαžšαž”αžŸαŸ‹αž’αŸ’αž“αž€ αž αžΎαž™αž’αŸ„αž™αž‚αžΆαžαŸ‹αž˜αž€αž‚αŸ’αž›αžΈαž“αž·αž€αžšαž”αžŸαŸ‹αž’αŸ’αž“αž€αž—αŸ’αž›αžΆαž˜αŸ—
ΟƒΎ αžŠαžΆαž€αŸ‹αž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰αž‘αžΉαž€αžŠαŸ„αŸ‡αž‚αŸ„
402. "αžŸαŸ†αžšαžΆαž”αŸ‹ cast gold restoration, gingiva bevel αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœαž”αžΆαž“αž‚αŸαž’αŸ’αžœαžΎαž‡αŸ†αž“αž½αžŸ shoulder αž–αžΈαž–αŸ’αžšαŸ„αŸ‡ bevel αž“αŸαŸ‡αž’αŸ’αžœαžΎαžŠαžΎαž˜αŸ’αž”αžΈ 1. αž€αžΆαžšαž–αžΆαžš enamel (Protects the enamel). 2. αž”αž„αŸ’αž€αžΎαž“ retention (Increases retention). 3. αž’αŸ„αž™αž€αžΆαžšαž’αžΉαž”αž‡αžΆαž”αŸ‹αž‘αŸ…αž“αžΉαž„ margin αž”αžΆαž“αž›αŸ’αž’αž”αŸ’αžšαžŸαžΎαžš(Improve marginal adaptation). 4. αž”αž„αŸ’αž€αžΎαž“αž€αŸ†αžšαžΆαžŸαŸ‹αžšαž”αžŸαŸ‹αž˜αžΆαžŸ(Increases the thickness of gold)"
Οƒ½ (1) , (2) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
ΟƒΎ (1) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (2) αž“αž·αž„ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ αž…αž˜αŸ’αž›αžΎαž™αž‘αžΆαŸ†αž„αž’αžŸαŸ‹αžαžΆαž„αž›αžΎαžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
403. "αž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„αž€αžΆαžšαž€αŸ†αžŽαžαŸ‹αž‘αŸ’αžšαž„αŸ‹αž‘αŸ’αžšαžΆαž™αž›αŸ’αž’αž₯αžαžαŸ’αž…αŸ„αŸ‡αž“αŸƒ proximal outline αžŸαŸ†αžšαžΆαž”αŸ‹αž€αžΆαžšαž†αžΆαž” cavity class II amalgam αž“αŸ…αž›αžΎαž’αŸ’αž‚αžΆαž˜αž’αŸ†αž˜αž½αž™αŸ– 1. Axial wall αž‚αž½αžšαžαŸ‚αž˜αžΆαž“αž‡αŸ†αžšαŸ…1.5mm 2. Gingival cavosurface margin αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœαžαŸ‚αž”αŸ‰αŸ‡αž‚αŸ’αž“αžΆαž™αŸ‰αžΆαž„αž‡αžΆαž€αŸ‹αž›αžΆαž€αŸ‹αž‘αŸ…αž“αžΉαž„αž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰αž“αŸ…αž‡αž·αžαžαžΆαž„ 3. Proximal walls αž”αŸ‚αž€αž…αŸαž‰αž–αžΈαž‚αŸ’αž“αžΆαž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„αž‘αž·αžŸ occlusal 4. Facial & lingual proximal cavosurface margins αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœαžαŸ‚αž”αŸ‰αŸ‡αž‚αŸ’αž“αžΆαž™αŸ‰αžΆαž„αž‡αžΆαž€αŸ‹αž›αžΆαž€αŸ‹αž‘αŸ…αž“αžΉαž„αž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰αž“αŸ…αž‡αž·αžαžαžΆαž„ "
Οƒ½ (1) , (2) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (1) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
ΟƒΎ (2) αž“αž·αž„ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ αž…αž˜αŸ’αž›αžΎαž™αž‘αžΆαŸ†αž„αž’αžŸαŸ‹αžαžΆαž„αž›αžΎαžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
404. Rubber dam αž‚αž½αžšαž™αž€αž‘αŸ…αž”αŸ’αžšαžΎαž”αŸ’αžšαžΆαžŸαŸ‹αž“αŸ…αž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„αŸ–
Οƒ½ Pulp capping procedure
Οƒ½ Amalgam placement
Οƒ½ Composite placement
Οƒ½ αž€αž€αžΆαž™αž™αž€αž…αŸαž‰αž“αžΌαžœ dentin αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž–αž»αž€αž•αž»αž™ (Removing carious dentin from deep lession).
ΟƒΎ αž…αž˜αŸ’αž›αžΎαž™αž‘αžΆαŸ†αž„αž’αžŸαŸ‹αžαžΆαž„αž›αžΎαžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
405. "αž€αžΆαžšαž”αžΆαž‰αŸ‹αžαŸ’αž™αž›αŸ‹ αž“αž·αž„αž‘αžΉαž€ αžŸαŸ†αžšαžΆαž”αŸ‹αž’αŸ„αž™αžαŸ’αžšαž‡αžΆαž€αŸ‹ αž“αŸ…αž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„αž€αžΆαžšαž”αŸ’αžšαžΎ high speed αž†αžΆαž” cavity αž“αžΉαž„αž“αžΆαŸ†αž’αŸ„αž™αŸ– (The air-water spray used as a collant in high speed cutting of a cavity will) 1. αž€αžΆαžαŸ‹αž”αž“αŸ’αžαž™αž€αžΆαžšαžαžΌαž…αžαžΆαžαžŠαž›αŸ‹ pulp. 2. αž€αžΆαžαŸ‹αž”αž“αŸ’αžαž™αž€αŸ†αžŠαŸ…αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž”αžΆαž“αž˜αž€αž–αžΈαž€αžΆαžšαž€αž€αž·αž (reduce frictional heat). 3. αž’αŸ’αžœαžΎαž’αŸ„αž™αž€αž“αŸ’αž›αŸ‚αž„αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž™αžΎαž„αž†αžΆαž”αž˜αžΆαž“αžŸαž—αžΆαž–αžŸαŸ’αž’αžΆαž (keep the operating site clean). 4. αž€αžΆαžαŸ‹αž”αž“αŸ’αžαž™αž€αžΆαžšαžŸαŸ’αž‘αŸ‡ (αž‚αžΆαŸ†αž„) αžŸαŸ†αž—αžΆαžšαŸˆαžŸαŸ†αžšαžΆαž”αŸ‹αž†αžΆαž” (αž€αžΆαžαŸ‹) (reduce clogging of cutting intstument)."
Οƒ½ (1) , (2) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (1) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (2) αž“αž·αž„ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
ΟƒΎ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ αž…αž˜αŸ’αž›αžΎαž™αž‘αžΆαŸ†αž„αž’αžŸαŸ‹αžαžΆαž„αž›αžΎαžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
406. "αž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„αž–αŸαž›αžŠαžΆαž€αŸ‹ matrix αžŸαŸ†αžšαžΆαž”αŸ‹ class II cavity preparation αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœαžŠαžΆαž€αŸ‹ wedge αžŠαžΎαž˜αŸ’αž”αžΈαŸ– (during matrix placement for a class II cavity preparation, a wedge is placed to) 1. αž‰αŸ‚αž€αž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰αž’αŸ„αž™αžŠαžΆαž…αŸ‹αž–αžΈαž‚αŸ’αž“αžΆ (separate the teeth). 2. αž²αŸ’αž™ matrix αž’αžΉαž”αž‘αŸ…αž“αžΉαž„ gingival margin (adapt the matrix to the gingival margin) 3. αž‡αžΆαž‡αŸ†αž“αž½αž™αž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„αž€αžΆαžšαž”αž„αŸ’αž€αžΎαžαž“αžΌαžœ contact (aid in the creation of a contact). 4. αž”αžΊαžαž™αž€αžŸαŸ†αžŽαžΎαž˜ (absorb moiture)."
(1) , (2) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (1) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (2) αž“αž·αž„ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ αž…αž˜αŸ’αž›αžΎαž™αž‘αžΆαŸ†αž„αž’αžŸαŸ‹αžαžΆαž„αž›αžΎαžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
407. "αžαžΎαž”αŸ’αžšαž™αŸ„αž‚αžŽαžΆ αžŠαŸ‚αž›αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ? (which of the following statements is/are true?) 1. Radiographs αž˜αž·αž“αž’αžΆαž…αž˜αžΎαž›αžƒαžΎαž‰αž—αžΆαž–αžαž»αžŸαž”αŸ’αž›αŸ‚αž€αž‚αŸ’αž“αžΆαžšαžœαžΆαž„ infected αž“αž·αž„ non-infected periapical lesions αž”αžΆαž“αž‘αžΎαž™ 2. αžšαŸ„αž‚αžœαž·αž“αž·αž…αŸ’αž†αŸαž™αž˜αž½αž™αž…αŸ’αž”αžΆαžŸαŸ‹αž›αžΆαžŸαŸ‹αž“αŸƒ apical lession αž˜αž½αž™ αž˜αž·αž“αž’αžΆαž…αž’αŸ’αžœαžΎαž‘αŸ…αž”αžΆαž“αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ‚αž›αžΎ radiography αž”αŸ‰αž»αžŽαŸ’αžŽαŸ„αŸ‡αž”αžΆαž“αž‘αžΎαž™ 3. Periapical radiolucencies αž˜αž·αž“αž˜αŸ‚αž“αžšαžΆαž›αŸ‹αž–αŸαž›αžŸαž»αž‘αŸ’αž’αžαŸ‚αž”αž‰αŸ’αž‡αžΆαž€αŸ‹αž’αŸ„αž™αžŠαžΉαž„αžαžΆ αž„αžΆαž”αŸ‹αž”αžŽαŸ’αžαžΌαž›αž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰αž“αŸ„αŸ‡αž‘αŸ 4. Periapical radiograph αž”αžΆαž“αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœαž‚αŸαž”αŸ’αžšαžΎαžŠαžΎαž˜αŸ’αž”αžΈαž˜αžΎαž›αžƒαžΎαž‰αž“αžΌαžœ buccal bone level."
(1) , (2) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (1) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (2) αž“αž·αž„ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ αž…αž˜αŸ’αž›αžΎαž™αž‘αžΆαŸ†αž„αž’αžŸαŸ‹αžαžΆαž„αž›αžΎαžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
408. In cleidocranial dysplasia, which of the following would you expect to find :
Early loss of primary teeth
Οƒ½ Multiple unerupted teeth and supernumerary teeth
Οƒ½ Prominent clavicle bones
Οƒ½ Multiple frenal attachments
Οƒ½ E.
409. "αž…αŸ†αž–αŸ„αŸ‡ composite resin preparations, cavosurface enamel margins αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœαž’αŸ’αžœαžΎ bevelled αž–αžΈαž–αŸ’αžšαŸ„αŸ‡αŸ– 1. A bevelled margin αž”αž„αŸ’αž€αžΎαžαž“αžΌαžœ surface αž…αŸ’αžšαžΎαž“ αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž’αž“αž»αž‚αŸ’αžšαŸ„αŸ‡αžŠαž›αŸ‹αž€αžΆαžšαž’αŸ’αžœαžΎ etching. 2. A bevelled margin αž”αž„αŸ’αž€αžΎαž“αž“αžΌαžœ edge strenght αž“αŸƒ composite resin. 3.αž”αž“αŸ’αž‘αžΆαž”αŸ‹αž–αžΈ etching, the bonding agent αž”αž“αŸ’αžαž™αž“αžΌαžœ microleakage. 4.The procedure eliminates the need to polish the restoration. "
Οƒ½ (1) , (2) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (1) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (2) αž“αž·αž„ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
ΟƒΎ αž…αž˜αŸ’αž›αžΎαž™αž‘αžΆαŸ†αž„αž’αžŸαŸ‹αžαžΆαž„αž›αžΎαžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
410. Which of the following conditions presents in the mouth initially with vesicles
Pemphigus
ΟƒΎ Herpes labialis (cold sore)
Οƒ½ Aphthous ulcers
ANUG
Οƒ½ Erythema multiforme
411. "αž“αŸ…αž–αŸαž›αž”αŸ’αžšαžΎ ultra high speed αžŸαŸ†αž—αžΆαžšαŸˆαž†αžΆαž” (αž€αžΆαžαŸ‹) αž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰ αž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„αž€αžΆαžšαž’αŸ’αžœαžΎ cavity preparation αž€αŸ†αžŠαŸ…αž’αŸ’αžœαžΎαž’αŸ„αž™αž€αžΎαžαž‘αžΎαž„αž•αŸ’αž‘αžΆαž›αŸ‹ αž‘αžΆαž€αŸ‹αž‘αž„αž‘αŸ…αž“αžΉαž„αŸ– 1. αžšαž™αŸˆαž–αŸαž›αž“αŸƒαž€αžΆαžšαž†αžΆαž” រឺ αž€αžΆαžαŸ‹ 2.αž‘αŸ†αž αŸ† αž›αŸ’αž”αžΏαž“ αž“αž·αž„ αž—αžΆαž–αž˜αž»αžαž“αŸƒ Bur 3.αž€αžΆαžšαž”αŸ’αžšαžΎαž”αŸ’αžšαžΆαžŸαŸ‹ spray αžαŸ’αž™αž›αŸ‹ αž“αž·αž„ αž‘αžΉαž€ 4. Existing pulp pathology "
ΟƒΎ (1) , (2) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (1) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (2) αž“αž·αž„ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ αž…αž˜αŸ’αž›αžΎαž™αž‘αžΆαŸ†αž„αž’αžŸαŸ‹αžαžΆαž„αž›αžΎαžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
412. Which of these are often congenitally missing?
Οƒ½ upper canines
Οƒ½ 4s
ΟƒΎ upper lateral incisors
Οƒ½ 6s
E
413. How would you diagnose a periodontal abscess?
Οƒ½ Pain on percussion
Οƒ½ Pain when eating/drinking something cold
Οƒ½ Pus from periodontal pocket
Οƒ½ A widened lateral periodontal ligament space on radiograph
ΟƒΎ A, B and D X
414. ឝើ microorganism αžŽαžΆαž˜αž½αž™ αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž‚αŸαžƒαžΎαž‰αž˜αžΆαž“αž‰αžΉαž€αž‰αžΆαž”αŸ‹αž‡αžΆαž„αž‚αŸαž“αŸ…αž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„ infection root canals?
Οƒ½ Streptococcus viridans
Οƒ½ Staphylococcus aureuse
Lactobacilli
Enterococci
Οƒ½ staphylococci albus
415. αžˆαžΊαž…αžΆαž”αŸ‹αž…αžΆαž€αŸ‹αžŠαŸ„αžαžαŸ’αž›αžΆαŸ†αž„αž€αŸ’αž›αžΆαž›αžΎαž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰ αž αžΎαž™αžšαžΉαžαžαŸ‚αžαŸ’αž›αžΆαŸ†αž„αžαŸ‚αž˜αž‘αŸ€αžαž“αŸ…αž–αŸαž›αž’αŸ’αž“αž€αž‡αŸ†αž„αžΊαž‘αž˜αŸ’αžšαŸαžαžαŸ’αž›αž½αž“αž…αž»αŸ‡ αžœαžΆαž‡αžΆαžšαŸ„αž‚αžŸαž‰αŸ’αž‰αžΆαž“αŸƒαŸ–
Οƒ½ A pulp polyp (chronic hyperplastic)
ΟƒΎ Late stage of acute pulpitis (acute supperative pulpitis)
Οƒ½ Chronic pulpitis (chronic ulcerative pulpitis)
Οƒ½ Chronic apical abscess
Οƒ½ Pulp hyperemia
416. How would you diagnose a periapical infection?
Οƒ½ Pain on percussion
Οƒ½ Pain when eating/drinking something cold
Οƒ½ Pus from periodontal pocket
Οƒ½ A widened apical periodontal ligament space on radiograph
ΟƒΎ A and D
417. "αž€αžΆαžšαž–αŸ’αž™αžΆαž”αžΆαž›αžšαž“αŸ’αž’αž¬αžŸαž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰ αž’αžΆαž…αž’αŸ’αžœαžΎαž”αžΆαž“αž™αŸ‰αžΆαž„αžŸαž»αžœαžαŸ’αžαž·αž—αžΆαž– αž“αž·αž„αž‡αŸ„αž‚αž‡αŸαž™αž…αŸ†αž–αŸ„αŸ‡ αŸ– 1. αž’αŸ’αž“αž€αž‡αŸ†αž„αžΊαžˆαžΆαž˜αž€αŸ’αžšαž€αž€(hemophiliacs) 2. αž’αŸ’αž“αž€αž‡αŸ†αž„αžΊαž˜αžΆαž“αž”αŸ’αžšαžœαžαŸ’αžαž· rheumatic fever 3. αž’αŸ’αž“αž€αž‡αŸ†αž„αžΊαž˜αžΆαž“αž”αŸ’αžšαžœαžαŸ’αžαž· rheumatoid arthritis 4. Cerebral palsy patients 5. Adolescent diabetics."
Οƒ½ (1) , (2) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
ΟƒΎ (1) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (2) αž“αž·αž„ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ αž…αž˜αŸ’αž›αžΎαž™αž‘αžΆαŸ†αž„αž’αžŸαŸ‹αžαžΆαž„αž›αžΎαžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
418. "αžαžΎαž”αŸ’αžšαž™αŸ„αž‚αžŽαžΆαž˜αž½αž™αžŠαŸ‚αž›αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ αž’αŸ†αž–αžΈ incision αž“αž·αž„ drainage αž“αŸƒ acute apical abscess?. 1. αž’αžΆαž…αžŠαžΆαž€αŸ‹ αž‡αžΆαž”αž“αŸ’αž‘αŸ‡αž‡αŸ†αžšαžΆαž€αž€αŸ…αžŸαŸŠαžΌ rubber dam αž…αžΌαž›αž˜αž½αž™αž…αŸ†αžŽαŸ‚αž€αžšαž½αž… suture αžŠαžΎαž˜αŸ’αž”αžΈαž‡αžΆαž‡αŸ†αž“αž½αž™αžŠαž›αŸ‹ drainage 2. procedure αž“αŸαŸ‡αž’αž“αž»αž‰αŸ’αž‰αžΆαžαŸ’αžαž·αž’αŸ„αž™αž’αŸ’αžœαžΎαžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ‚ localized, flctuant swelling αž”αŸ‰αž»αžŽαŸ’αžŽαŸ„αŸ‡β€¦ 3. αž€αžΆαžšαž…αžΆαž€αŸ‹αžαŸ’αž“αžΆαŸ†αžŸαŸ’αž–αžΉαž€αž…αžΌαž›αž‡αŸ’αžšαŸ…αž‘αŸ…αž€αŸ’αž“αž»αž„αž€αž“αŸ’αž›αŸ‚αž„αžŠαŸ‚αž›αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœαž’αŸ’αžœαžΎαž€αžΆαžšαžœαŸ‡αž€αžΆαžαŸ‹ αž‡αžΆαž“αž·αž…αŸ’αž…αž‡αžΆαž€αžΆαž›αž˜αž·αž“αž’αžΆαž…αž’αŸ’αžœαžΎαž‘αŸ…αž”αžΆαž“αž‘αŸ 4. αž’αŸ’αžœαžΎαž’αŸ„αž™αž’αžΌαžšαžŸαŸ’αž”αžΎαž™αžŸαž˜αŸ’αž–αžΆαž’ αž“αž·αž„ αž€αžΆαžšαžˆαžΊαž…αžΆαž”αŸ‹αž—αŸ’αž›αžΆαž˜αŸ— αž”αž“αŸ’αž‘αžΆαž”αŸ‹αž–αžΈαž€αžΆαžšαž–αŸ’αž™αžΆαž”αžΆαž›"
Οƒ½ (1) , (2) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (1) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (2) αž“αž·αž„ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
ΟƒΎ αž…αž˜αŸ’αž›αžΎαž™αž‘αžΆαŸ†αž„αž’αžŸαŸ‹αžαžΆαž„αž›αžΎαžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
419. "αž…αŸ†αž–αŸ„αŸ‡αž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž„αžΆαž”αŸ‹αž”αžŽαŸ’αžαžΌαž›αž‘αžΆαŸ†αž„αž˜αžΌαž› αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœαž‡αžΆαž”αŸ‹αž‘αžΆαž€αŸ‹αž‘αž„αž‘αŸ…αž“αžΉαž„ periapical area αž”αŸ’αžšαžŸαž·αž“αž”αžΎαŸ– 1. αž˜αžΆαž“αž€αžΆαžšαžˆαžΊαž…αžΆαž”αŸ‹αž‘αŸ…αž“αžΉαž„ thermal stimuli 2. αž˜αžΆαž“αž€αžΆαžšαžˆαžΊαž…αžΆαž”αŸ‹αž‘αŸ…αž“αžΉαž„ percussion 3. αž’αŸ’αž˜αŸαž‰αžˆαžΊαž…αžΆαž”αŸ‹αž…αžΆαž€αŸ‹αžŠαŸ„αžαžαŸ’αž›αžΆαŸ†αž„ αž“αŸ…αž–αŸαž›αž’αŸ’αž“αž€αž‡αŸ†αž„αžΊαž‘αž˜αŸ’αžšαŸαžαžαŸ’αž›αž½αž“ 4. radiographs αž”αž„αŸ’αž αžΆαž‰αž“αžΌαžœ apical radiolucency."
Οƒ½ (1) , (2) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (1) αž“αž·αž„ (3) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
ΟƒΎ (2) αž“αž·αž„ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ (4) αžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
Οƒ½ αž…αž˜αŸ’αž›αžΎαž™αž‘αžΆαŸ†αž„αž’αžŸαŸ‹αžαžΆαž„αž›αžΎαžαŸ’αžšαžΉαž˜αžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœ
420. αžŸαžΆαž…αŸ‹αžŠαž»αŸ†αžŠαŸ‚αž›αž‘αž‘αž½αž›αžαž»αžŸαžαŸ’αžšαžΌαžœαž‡αžΆαžŠαŸ†αž”αžΌαž„ αžŸαŸ†αžšαžΆαž”αŸ‹αž’αŸ’αžœαžΎαž…αž›αž“αžΆαž†αŸ’αž’αžΉαž„αžαŸ’αž‚αžΆαž˜αž€αŸ’αžšαŸ„αž˜αž‘αŸ…αž†αŸ’αžœαŸαž„αžŸαŸ’αžŠαžΆαŸ† αž‚αžΊαŸ–
Masseter
ΟƒΎ lateral (external) pterygoid.
Οƒ½ medial (internal) pterygoid.
Οƒ½ buccinator.
Temporalis
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