ASTR exam 2 practice test
Photons are produced in the sun's core and take approximately ____________ to reach the photosphere
100,000 years
1 minute
8 minutes
1 million years
The sun produces energy by
Burning coal in its interior
Fusing helium into hydrogen
Slowly contracting over time
Fusing hydrogen into helium
The hottest layer of the sun's atmosphere is the
Chromosphere
Corona
Both the chromosphere and the corona are the same temperature
The temperatures of the sun's atmosphere are unknown
The energy that fuels the sun is generated where?
Only on its surface
Only in its core
In its core, surface and solar wind
In its core and surface
The planets in order from the sun are
Mercury, Earth, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, Neptune, Saturn, Uranus
Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Neptune, Uranus
Venus, Mercury Earth Mars, Saturn, Jupiter, Uranus, Neptune
Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune
Which of the following is occurring over the lifetime of the sun
The amount of hydrogen decreases and the amount of helium increases
The amount of hydrogen decreases and the amount of helium decreases
The amount of hydrogen increases and the amount of helium decreases
The amount of hydrogen increases and the amount of helium increases
A SMALL object in the outer solar system is found to have a density of 1.3 kg/liter. Which is more likely to be its composition
It is a metallic asteroid
It is purely made of liquid water
It is a gas giant made of hydrogen and helium
It is a mix of rock and ice
How do we know how many neutrinos the sun is producing
From the brightness of sun spots
From the heat radiating from the sun onto the earth
From the P-P chain
By sending a satellite to the sun to count them by spectrum separations
What are Neutrinos?
Subatomic particles that escape the sun during the fusion of hydrogen and helium and are given off as a by product
What is released by solar flares as evidence of the sun's production of energy
A cereal brand specifically for astronauts
The breed of Jimmy Neutron's robot dog
What is the bonding of lighter hydrogen into helium called
Solar bondage
Nuclear Fusion
Atomic binding
Astronomic Coitus
What are large, dark regions of cooler gas with very strong magnetic fields
Areolas
Sunspots
Solar Prominences
Solar Flares
What are huge plumes of glowing gas that stat in the chromosphere and jut into the corona
Sunspots
Solar Prominences
Solar Flares
Auroras
Solar prominences appear
Between sun spots of opposite plority
Between sun spots of the same polarity
At the north and south point of the sun
Near solar flares
What are brief, bright eruptions of hot gas in the chromosphere that occur near sunspots
Solar Prominences
Coronal Mass Ejections
Zeeman Effect
Solar Flares
What are huge bubbles of plasma blasted from the corona into space
Solar Prominences
Coronal Mass Ejections
Zeeman Effect
Solar Flares
What are solar winds that interact with molecules int he earth' s atmosphere and make them glow
Aurora
Zeeman Effect
Solar Flares
Solar Prominences
What are magnetic fields that cause some spectral lines to split into multiple components
Aurora
Zeeman Effect
Solar Flares
Solar Prominences
What is the solar cycle
The number of sunspots that rise and fall over an 11 year period
The amount of time it takes every planet to orbit the sun once
The lifespan of a star
How many years until the sun will engulf the earth
How does the formation theory explain the observed characteristics of the solar system
It explains why the planets revolve around the sun in the same direction
Small rocky planets are closer to the sun, while large gas giants are further away
The composition of other interstellar clouds have the same composition as the sun
Every planet in the solar system, including the sun, contains Vibranium
How do we think the solar system formed
A sphere of dust condensed until it eventually exploded forming our solar system
A super nova star exploded forming our solar system
Our solar system formed out of a rotating disk shaped cloud of gas and dust
Only Scientologist know the answer
What characteristics need to be explained by the formation theory
Why the planets lie in the same plane
Why the outer planets are composed more like the sun
Why the inner planets lack gases that condense at lower temperatures
All of the above.
Explain how the age of the solar system can be determined
We can look at atoms that are decaying and compare it to it's half life
Measure the annual expansion of the sun
Base it off of the age of the oldest fossils on earth
We can google how old Bernie Sanders is. Boom, roasted.
How did all planets start their formation
As materials launched from the sun from solar mass ejections
They all separated as a result of a collision of a massive asteroid and our sun
Having materials condense and accretion occured
As gas and dust compacted together from overwhelming gravitational force
How did the gas giants likely start
As large, icy bodies
As rocky bodies that attracted hydrogen gas
As rocky bodies that attracted helium gas
As large, hot masses that eventually condensed under pressure
How did cores form on rocky planets
Heat caused materials to melt and heavier materials sunk down
From internalized pressure caused by gravity of nearby, larger planets
Ice pulled gas and dust into itself and the ice formed iron from the heavy pressure
Rapid rotation caused materials to condense and heat up
What would cause the biggest wobble?
Small planets close to their host star
Small planets far from their host star
Massive planets close to their host star
Massive planets far from their host star
How are most extrasolar planets detected
Direct imaging
Through effect on its host star
By careful measuring of extrasolar stars
A really, really big telescope
What is direct detection
How we retrieve materials from other planets
Damages on the earth from other planets and our sun
When an meteor enters the earth's atmosphere
Trying to take an actual picture of an extrasolar planet
What is transit theory
When a planet passes in front of its star and slightly dims its brightness
Careful measuring of the positioning of stars
Looking for doppler shifts of stars due to an orbiting planet
Recording the path of asteroids
What is Astrometry
Math used in astronomy
Careful measuring of the positioning of stars
Looking for doppler shifts of stars due to an orbiting planet
How scientists found the three different flavors of Neutrinos
What is Radial Velocity
Math used in astronomy
Careful measuring of the positioning of stars
Looking for doppler shifts of stars due to an orbiting planet
The orbital period of extrasolar planets around their host star
Migration theory explains
How "hot jupiters" orbited towards their host star
How we find small earth-like planets
How people living on earth could live on another planet in a different solar system
How other solar systems are similar to ours
What technique is Kepler spacecraft using to detect extrasolar planets
Transit
Astrometry
Radial Velocity
Direct Detection
IF an extraplanet with a mass similar to jupiter's with a 3 solar mass star at 3 AU, what would the orbital period be?
9 years
6 years
3 days
3 years
Which of the following statements is true of all of the planets?
They rotate on their axes and revolve around the sun.
They rotate on their axes in the same direction
Their axes point toward polaris
More than one of the above are true of all the planets
You observe the spectrum of a nebula and identify a prominent hydrogen line at 6565 A. However, you know that if the nebula were at rest the wavelength would be at 6563 A. What do you know about the motion of the gas cloud?
The nebula is moving towards us.
The nebula is moving away from us
The nebula is not moving
The motion of the nebula cannot be determined
The uniqueness of the spectral line pattern of any element is caused by
The temperature conditions under which the element is formed
The energy level structure of the element
The number of neutrons in the nucleus
The doppler shift
The spectrum of which of the following objects will show a blueshift
An object moving directly toward earth
An object moving directly away from earth
An object that is moving perpendicular to the earth
An object that is not moving relative to the earth
Order the following by increasing radius: (1) Sun (2) Jupiter's orbit around the sun (3) Earth's orbit around the sun (4) the sun's orbit around the galaxy
3,2,1,4
1,2,3,4
1,3,2,4
1,2,4,3
You are studying sunlight passing through the top layer of the atmosphere of Venus to learn about its composition. What type of spectrum would you see?
Continuous spectrum
Emission line spectrum
Absorption line spectrum
Blue spectrum
Where is the asteroid belt
In between Venus and Earth
In front of Mercury
In between Mars and Jupiter
Behind Neptune
Where is the Kuiper belt with icy bodies?
Just outside Neptune
At the very edge of the solar system
In front of Mercury
In between Mars and Jupiter
What is the Oort cloud?
Contains rocky/metallic bodies
Contains icy bodies and is located just outside Neptune
Sends in asteroids and other icy bodies from outside of the solar system
The remainder of the nebula cloud that created our solar system
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