BCSC Retina and Vitreous (2016-2017)
What is a posterior extension of the pars plana epithelium to the retinal side of the ora serrata?
Enclosed ora bay
Meridional complex
Dentate process
Peripheral retinal excavation
What adjacent tissue layer undergoes atrophy in conjunction with RPE atrophy
Full-thickness retina
Full-thickness choroid
Choriocapillaris
No adjacent atrophy; RPE usually atrophies in isolation
What represents appropriate management of a patient who has just undergone fluorescein angiography?
Administer aspirin
Observe the patient for signs of delayed adverse reactions
Advise the patient to avoid sunlight for 5 days after the procedure
Order a urine culture and sensitivity testing for urine color change
The activity measured in the pattern ERG is generated mainly in which retinal cells?
Ganglion cells
Bipolar cells
Photoreceptors
Amacrine cells
What effect does demyelinating optic neuritis with recovered visual acuity have on pattern-reversal visual evoked potential (VEP) testing?
Delayed pattern-reversal VEP
Inverted pattern-reversal VEP
Enhanced pattern-reversal VEP
Reversed pattern-reversal VEP
What clinical finding is considered a risk factor for the development of neovascular AMD?
Multiple small drusen in 1 eye
Multiple small drusen in both eyes
Absence of pigment clumping
Large drusen with pigment clumping
What eyes are at greatest risk for the development of an RPE tear after anti-VEGF therapy?
Eyes with a fibrovascular pigment epithelial detachment (PED) >600um in height
Eyes with a large classic CNV
Eyes with a serous PED >600um in height
Eyes with type 2 neovascularization
For a patient with proliferative diabetic retinopathy and a diabetic midperipheral tractional retinal detachment, what complication is of primary concern in the initial application of panretinal photocoagulation?
Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment
Cortical cataract
Retinal neovascularization
Tractional macular detachment
What is a characteristic clinical sequela of hypertensive choroidopathy?
Sub-internal limiting membrane hemorrhages
Linear streaks of hyperpigmentation
Retinal neovascularization
Cystoid macular edema
A patient who experiences an acute subarachnoid hemorrhage is found to have loss of vision and vitreous hemorrhage. What is the pathophysiologic process that has been implicated in this condition?
Granulocyte aggregation
Lukoembolization
Acute rise in intraocular venous pressure
Fat embolization
What condition can be associated with retinal capillary hemangioblastomas?
Choroidal hemangioma
Pheochromocytoma
Retinal arterial macroaneurysm
Astrocytoma
A patient incurs an acute compression injury to the thorax and experiences sudden loss of vision in both eyes. Each eye exhibits large cotton-wool spots, hemorrhages, and retinal edema. What factor would explain the relationship between the compression injury and the retinal findings?
Acute rise in intraocular venous pressure
Acute rise in systolic blood pressure
Compression of the central retinal vein
Complement activation
What is an accepted guideline for ophthalmoscopic screening for ROP?
Screening should be performed on all premature neonates with a gestational age of 32 weeks or more
Screening should be repeated every 4 weeks on neonates who demonstrate ROP on initial examination
Screening should be performed on all premature neonates with a birth weight of <=1500g, with a gestational age of <=30 weeks before hospital discharge, or who have reached 4-6 weeks of age.
Screening should be performed on all premature neonates with a birth weight <3000g.
What feature in high-risk neonates is a risk factor for ROP?
Fever
Paternal age
History of blood transfusion
Light exposure
In a patient diagnosed with central serous chorioretinopathy, what finding may initiative reconsideration of the diagnosis?
RPE detachment
Serous retinal detachment
Large drusen
Pigment clumping
What is the most consistent diagnostic feature of circumscribed choroidal hemangiomas?
Association with serous detachments
Echographic reflectivity
Color of the lesion
Late-phase hypofluorescence on ICG angiography
What is an important risk factor for ocular toxoplasmosis?
Consumption of undercooked meat
Exposure to ticks
Exposure to mosquitoes
Living in the Ohio River Valley
What is a clinical feature of the multiple evanescent white dot syndrome?
RPE scarring
Gray-white, poorly demarcated, patchy, outer-retinal lesions
Severe vitreous cellular reaction
Gray granular pigmentation of the fovea
What finding in Vogt-Koyanagai-Harada disease suggests chronicity?
Serous retinal detachment
Optic disc hyperemia/edema
Choroidal thickening on SD-OCT
Choroidal depigmentation, or "sunset glow" fundus
A 78-year-old white man underwent uncomplicated cataract surgery 5 years before developing moderately severe panuveitis in the operated eye. What feature of this patient's presentation is most inconsistent with the diagnosis of sympathetic ophthalmia?
Patient's advanced age and relatively weakened immune status
Patient's race
Unilaterality
Time from surgery to the onset of uveitis
A 40-year-old black man presents with an active focal retinochoroiditis with an adjacent retinochoroidal scar. The patient recalls no prior episodes of uveitis. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Newly acquired toxoplasmosis (first episode)
Acquired toxoplasmosis reactivation
Congenital ocular toxoplasmosis reactivation
Cytomegalovirus retinitis
Which of the following statements regarding congenital stationary night blindness is true?
The "complete" form of CSNB is a consequence of rod photoreceptor dysfunction
Patients with the "incomplete" form of CSNB have normal cone ERG responses.
Complete X-linked stationary night blindness affects the on-bipolar cell pathway in all retinal photoreceptor types.
Complete X-linked stationary night blindness is caused by mutations in CACNA1F.
A mutation of which gene in which cell type results in nonprogressive dysfunction in patients with nyctalopia and white dots?
RDH5 gene mutation in retinal photoreceptors
RDH5 gene mutation in retinal pigmented epithelium
RLBP1 gene mutation in retinal photoreceptors
ABCA4 gene mutation in retinal pigmented epithelium
What is a clinical finding in rod monochromacy?
Autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance
Strabismus
Better visual acuity in rod monochromacy than in S-cone monochromacy
Normal rod function shown on ERG in complete achromatopsia
What disorder is most typically associated with a negative ERG waveform?
Leber congenital amaurosis
Retinitis pigmentosa
X-linked retinoschisis
Achromatopsia
Cystoid macular edema most commonly complicates which of the following inherited ocular disorders?
Stargardt disease
Best disease
Pattern dystrophy
Retinitis pigmentosa
What syndrome associated with RP is classified as a retinal ciliopathy involving mutations that affect the cilia of multiple organ systems, including cilia present in photoreceptor outer segments and the inner ear?
Bardet-Biedl syndrome
Refsum disease
Zellweger syndrome
Batten disease
What paraneoplastic degeneration is associated with antirecoverin antibodies?
Melanoma-associated retinopathy
Bilateral diffuse uveal melanocytic proliferation
Cancer-associated retinopathy
Acute exudative paraneoplastic vitelliform maculopathy
What metabolic disorder causes a cherry-red spot?
Hurler syndrome
Tay-Sachs disease
Gaucher disease
Hunter syndrome
The systemic use of which drug can be complicated by pigmentary retinopathy?
Docetaxel
Paclitaxel
Niacin
Thioridazine
Intake of which compound(s) can cause inner segment ellipsoid disruption apparent on SD-OCT imaging?
Alkyl nitrite ("poppers") inhalation
Kola nut ingestion
Canthaxanthine ingestion
Talc injection
What is characteristic of retinal detachments following ocular blunt trauma in young eyes?
Retinal detachments are almost always identified shortly after the trauma
Retinal detachments in this setting typically progress rapidly
Retinal detachments in this setting have a delayed presentation
Retinal detachments in this setting are typically bullous
What peripheral retinal lesion is LEAST likely to be associated with retinal tear or detachment?
Lattice degeneration
Meridional folds
Paving-stone degeneration
Zonular traction tufts
What is a risk factor for retinal detachment following cataract surgery?
Hyperopia
Younger age
Female sex
Systemic hypertension
What is a characteristic finding in eyes with persistent fetal vasculature?
Microphthalmos
Intraocular calcification
Retinal telangiectasia
Peripheral granuloma
What is a feature of Wagner disease with optically empty vitreous?
Systemic hypertension
Lens subluxation
Aortic regurgitation
Myopia
What is a characteristic of familial exudative vitreoretinopathy?
Premature birth
Esotropia
Failure of the temporal retina to vascularize
History of supplemental oxygen
What imaging test is contraindicated in the initial evaluation of ocular trauma?
Plain film X-ray
CT of the eye and orbit
MRI
Ocular ultrasound
What is a characteristic of choroidal rupture?
Rarely results in subretinal hemorrhage
Typically radiates from the optic disc
Typically occurs concentric to the optic disc
Occurs only anterior to the equator
What metal is most toxic as an intraocular foreign body?
Aluminum
Zinc
Iron
Copper
What color wavelength is readily absorbed by macular xanthophyll?
Blue
Red
Green
Yellow
Photodynamic therapy is approved by the FDA for what indication?
Subfoveal CNV secondary to pathologic myopia
Subfoveal CNV secondary to posterior uveitis
Central serous retinopathy
Choroidal hemangioma
What is a potential advantage of subthreshold (bare visible to invisible) laser treatment over conventional laser treatment?
Effect is long-lasting and retreatment is not required
Has the potential to reduce the number and size of scotomas
Easier means for titrating and determining the extent of treatments
Does not require wide pupillary dilation
What finding is a classic indication for pneumatic retinopexy?
Retinal break in any location
Single retinal break
Multiple retinal breaks spanning 3-6 clock hours
Absence of proliferative vitreoretionpathy grade A or B
What complication can occur after retrobulbar anesthesia?
Acute angle-closure glaucoma
Respiratory depression
Malignant hyperthermia
Isolated branch retinal vein occlusion
What ocular characteristic affects success rate with respect to resolution of vitreomacular traction syndrome and closure of macular holes using ocriplasmin
Area of vitreomacular adhesion
Axial length
Duration of symptoms
Lens status (phakic vs. IOL)
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