Chapter 19
White blood cells, which are also known as leukocytes,
Include the granulocytes: neutrophils, eosinophils and basophils
Include the agranulocytes: manocytes and lymphocytes
Include cells containing hemoglobin but not nuclei
A and b are correct
A, b, and c are correct
A medical technology student is learning to count blood cells the low-tech way: using a microscope and a special slide called a hemocytometer. She has just found a round, darkly-stained white blood cell that contains large granules. She cannot see the cell's nucleus. The student is probably looking at a
Basophil
Eosinophil
Monocyte
Lymphocyte
Neutrophil
Which of the following statements is not true?
All macrophages arise from monocytes
All leukocytes are lymphocytes
All lymphocytes have a large nuclei
Some monocytes become fixed macrophages, remaining in one tissue
Some monocytes become wandering macrophages, patrolling the body
How do white blood cells (WBCs) differ from red blood cells (RBCs)?
WBCs have nuclei: RBCs do not
WBCs have MHC antigens: RBCs do not
WBCs can leave the blood vessels: RBCs cannot
A and b are correct
A, b, and c are correct
Which WBCs are never phagocytic?
Neutrophils
Macrophages
Lymphocytes
Eosinophils
Both c and d are correct
Place the following in the order in which they develop: 1. Lymphoid stem cells 2. Myeloid stem cells 3. megakaryocytes 4. megakaryclasts 5. platelet 6. Megakaryocyte colony forming cells
1, 6, 4, 3, 5 but never 2
1, 6, 4, 3, 5 but never 2
2, 6, 4, 3, 5 but never 1
2, 4, 6, 3, 5 but never 1
2, 6, 4, 5, 3 but never 1
Platelets
Stop bleeding by plugging holes in the blood vessels
Release chemicals that make blood clot
Are cell fragments rather than intact cells
A and b are correct
A, b, and c are correct
Hemostasis
Is a sequence of events that prevents the loss of blood from blood vessels
Must be rapid, localized and carefully controlled
Involves vascular spasm, platelet plug formation and coagulation
Can prevent hemorrhage if the damaged blood vessels are small
All of the above are correct
Which of the following is not true of vascular spasm in hemostasis?
It reduces blood loss for minutes or hours
It usually occurs when smooth muscles in the walls of the veins contract
It is triggered by substances released from damaged vascular smooth muscle
It is promoted by substances released from platelets
It is linked to reflexes initiated by pain receptors
Which of the following is not normally found inside platelets?
Fibrinogen
ADP
Thromboxane A2
Serotonin
Platelet-derived growth factor
Which of the following events occur first?
Coagulation
Platelet adhesion
Platelet plug formation
Platelet aggregation
Platelet release reaction
Which of the following is associated with the extrinsic pathway of blood clotting?
Damaged cells release a combination of phospholipids and lipoproteins called tissue factor
Tissue factor leaks into the blood from outside of the blood vessels
Requires factor XII initially
A and b are correct
A, b, and c are correct
The intrinsic pathway
Originates outside of the blood vessel
Takes longer to complete than the extrinsic pathway
Does not involve platelet phospholipids
Does not involve Ca2+
Requires tissue plasminogen activator
What is the first step in the common pathway of blood coagulation?
Formation of prothrombinase
Formation of fibrinogen
Formation of prothrombin
Formation of thrombin
Formation of fibrin
Which of the following does not correctly describe a mechanism that prevents excessive blood clotting?
Conversion of plasminogen to plasmin dissolves fibrin
Presence of vitamin K blocks platelet adhesion and release
Dilution and removal of coagulation factors by blood flow
Antithrombin blocks the actions of vactors XII, X and II
Activated protein C enhances activities of plasminogen activators
Which of the following is not function of blood?
Transports nutrients, wastes, and gases
Regulates pH
Defends against infection
Promote blood loss
Distribute heat
Which of the following is correct?
A 100 lb (45 Kg) woman will have about 8 lb (3.6 Kg) of blood
Most adult humans have between 4 and 6 L of blood, depending on their size
Normal blood is less viscous than water and has a neutral pH
A and b are correct
A, b, and c are correct
Each of the following is a constituent of plasma except:
Water
Proteins
Formed elements
Nutrients
Gases
Which of the following are plasma proteins made by the liver?
Albumins
Fibrinogens
Globulins
Immunoglobulins
All except d are correct
Which of the following are cells found in the blood
Erythrocytes
Leukocytes
Platelets
A and b are correct
A, b, and c are correct
Which of the following is correct?
Most formed elements survive for years
Pluripotent cells become myeloid stem cells or lymphoid stem cells
All of the newborn's bone marrow is yellow marrow
Red marrow can be converted to yellow marrow if the body needs to make more blood cells
Blood cells are formed in the adult liver, spleen, thymus, and lymph nodes
At which stage do developing blood cells lose their ability to reproduce themselves?
Hemocytoblast
Myeloid stem cell
Progenitor cell
Precursor (-blast) cell
Mature blood cell
Which of the following does not arise from a myeloid stem cell?
Lymphocyte
Monocyte
Eosinophil
Platelet
Red blood cell
Which of the following is not correct?
Mature red blood cells are called erythrocytes
RBCs have a spheriodal shape
The average life span of an erythrocyte is 120 days
Most adults have around 5 million RBCs/ul of blood
The body produces about 2 million erythrocytes per second
Hemoglobin
Consists 90% of an erythrocyte's mass
Consists of one alpha and one beta chain of protein
Has a central protein called heme
Has an Fe2+ at the center of it's heme group
Binds CO2 to the Fe2+ at the center of it's heme group
Hemoglobin
Transports most of the O2 and about 7% of the CO2 between the tissues and the lungs
Abnormalities seldom affect RBC shape or durability
Has no effect on blood pressure and blood distribution
A1c levels can be used to monitor the blood Na+ levels
Contributes the no color to erythrocytes
When hemoglobin is recycled, what happens to the heme group?
It is digested into amino acids , which are used by cells to build new proteins
It is transported back to the bone marrow by ferritin or transferrin
It is converted to biliverdin and then to bilirubin
A and b are correct
A, b, and c are correct
Erythropoiesis
Increases in response to elevated levels of O2
Increases in response to depressed levels of EPO
Requires amino acids, vitamin B6, and irons ions
Normally keeps pace with RBC destruction
Occurs more slowly at higher altitudes
Intravascular blood clotting
Is called fibrinolysis
Occurs when the linings of the blood vessels ares smooth and intact
Results in formation of a thrombus
Most frequently occurs in arteries with rapid blood flow
Is inhibited by thromboxane A2
Blood groups are based on
The presence of inherited antigens on the surfaces of leukocytes and other nucleated cells
The presence of inherited antigens on the surfaces of erythrocytes
The presence of inherited circulating antibodies
The presence of induced circulating antibodies
All of these are correct
The ABO blood group is based on the presence of
Type A and type B glycolipids on the surfaces of erythrocytes
Type A and type B glycolipids on the surfaces of leukocytes
Type A and type B glycoproteins on the surfaces of nucleated cells
Type A and type B glycoproteins circulating in the plasma
Type A and type B glycolipids circulating in the plasma
Jason has circulating anti-B , but not anti-A, antibodies. Which blood type does he have?
A
B
AB
O
There is not enough information to determine the answer
Xochitl has no anti-D antibodies. What can be inferred from this information?
She is probably Rh positive
She may be Rh negative, but if so has never been exposed to Rh positive blood
She should not conceive children with an Rh negative man in order to prevent HDN
A and b are correct
A, b, and c are correct
Ban has no circulating anti-A, anti-B, or anti-D antibodies. What is his blood type?
A positive
AB negative
B negative
O negative
Either A or B are correct
Deandray has circulating anti-A, anti-B, and anti-D antibodies. Which of the following blood types may safely receive blood from him?
O negative
A positive
B negative
None of these types may safely receive blood from him
All of these types may safely receive blood from him
A descendant of which U.S population group is most likely to include an individual with type AB negative blood?
European-American
African-American
Asian-American
A and b are correct
A, b, and c are correct
If a type A negative patient is accidentally given type B positive blood, what will happen?
Nothing will happen because this is a safe match
The patients agglutinins will begin to attack the donated erythrocytes
The patient's agglutinogens will begin to attack the donated erythrocytes
The donor's agglutinogens will begin to attack the patient's agglutinins
Either b or c may occur
Anemia
Is a condition in which the ability of the blood to carry oxygen decreases
May be caused by deficient amounts of iron in the diet
Is associated with excessive number of erythrocytes
A and b are correct
A, b, and c are correct
Cell type listed that gives rise to all other blood cells
CFU-E
CFU-Meg
CFU-GM
Lymphoid stem cells
Pluripotent stem cells
Cell type listed that gives rise to all other blood cells
CFU-E
CFU-Meg
CFU-GM
Lymphoid stem cells
Pluripotent stem cells
Cell type listed that gives rise to all other blood cells
CFU-E
CFU-Meg
CFU-GM
Lymphoid stem cells
Pluripotent stem cells
Portion of hemoglobin molecule that ultimately gives urine and feces their colors
Fe2+
Ferritin
Globin
Heme
Tranferrin
Fills small gaps in vessel walls
Coagulation
Hemorrhage
Platelet plug formation
Serum
Vascular spasm
Dissolves blood clot
Clot retraction
Common pathway
Extrinsic pathway
Fibrinolysis
Intrinsic pathway
Begins with damage inside blood vessel
Clot retraction
Common pathway
Extrinsic pathway
Fibrinolysis
Intrinsic pathway
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