Histology 4A
Histology 4A: Female Reproductive System Quiz
Test your knowledge on the intricate details of the female reproductive system with our comprehensive Histology 4A quiz. This quiz consists of 66 questions that cover various aspects, including ovarian follicles, oviduct fun
Features:
- Multiple-choice questions with a focus on histology
- Engaging and educational content for students and enthusiasts
- Ideal for medical students and professionals
Corona radiata is:
Amorphous layer is composed of glycoproteins that surrounds the oocyte
A group of cells in ovarian follicle that synthesize androstenedione
A group of granulosa cells that concentrate the oocyte and zona pellucida
The epithelium covering the surface of the ovary
The inner layer of the theca follicle
What is true regarding the female reproductive system?
Follicles at any stage of development may undergo atresia
The surge of FSH results in ovulation
Corpus luteum produces progesterone and estradiol under LH control
The ampulla of the oviduct has no muscularis layer
The secretory phase of the mestrual cycle begins soon after ovulation
Female reproductive system:
Follicular phase; growth of ovarian follicles under FSH control
14th day of menstrual cycle - ovulation
Endometrial lining- pseudostratified columnar epithelium
Follicular phase; formation of corpus luteum
Menstrual phase - zona functionalis of endometrium is sloughted out of the uterus
Monozygotic twins:
Results from fertilization of one oocyte by two spermatozoa
Developes from one single fertilized egg
Results from splitting of the zygote at various stages of development
Have totally different genetic constitutions
Are also called identical twins
The oviduct:
Has a three layered wall
Its ampulla has many mucosal folds
Does not contain glands
Participate in the egg cell maturation
At the uterus side it has well developed muscular layer
What is true?
Graafian follicle contains many small spaces between follicular cells
Cells of theca externa produce estrogen
Cells of theca interna liberate estrogen
Zona pellucida contains a protein that is the receptor for spermatozoa needed for fertilization
Corpus luteum occurs in ovary after ovulation
Theca interna:
Is composed of granulosa cells
Participate in the zona pellucida formation
Does not have a secretory function
Is well visible in primordial follicle
Is well visible in multilaminar primordial follicle
Its function is under LH control
The initiation of ovulation is strictly dependent on high levels of:
FSH
LH
Androgens
Progesterone
Estrogens
The granulosa cells and egg cell are connected with each other by:
Tight junctions
Adherens junctions
Occludins
Gap junctions
Tight and gap junctions
Dizygotic twins:
Develops as a result of ovulation of two ovaries
Develop from two fertilised eggs coming from one ovary
Always have the same blood type
As the consequence of implantation in two different places they will possess two placentas
Result from fertilization of two oocytes by two different spermatozoa
Are also called maternal twins
Two zygotes have totally different genetic constitutions
Are also called fraternal twins
Effects of fertilization:
Restoration of haploid number of chromosomes
Determination of the sex in new individuals
Restoration of diploid number of chromosomes
Disapperaing of zona pellucida
Initiation of cleavage of the zygote
The ovary:
Primordial follicles consists of the primary oocyte
Is fused with the oviduct
Follicles are embedded in the stroma of the cortex
Only graafian follicles are in the stroma of the cortical region
The surface is covered by pseudostratified epithelium with cilia
Granulosa cells:
Are under control of FSH
Participate in the zona pellucida formation
Does not have a secretory function
Is well visible or developed in primordial follicles
Are present in the theca interna
Fertilization:
Occurs in the lumen of the uterus
Occurs in the ampulla of the oviduct
At the moment of fertilization the zona pellucida degenerates
After fertilization spermatozoa are under capacitation
Zona pellucida protects polysperm
Cumulus oophorus is typical for the:
Primordial follicle
The primary multilaminar follicle
Secondary follicle
Graafian follicle
The primary unilaminar follicle
Proliferative phase in the uterus is:
The glands are coiled
Very thick functional layer of endothelium
High levels of progesterone
Poorly developed uterine glands
Occurs after ovulation
Ampulla:
Muscular layer is well developed
Has very well developed mucosal layer
Fertilization occurs here
Contains a lot of glands
Is lined with simple cuboidal epithelium
What is true?
Androstendion is not produced in women
Testosterone is produced in granulosa cells
Granulosa cells transform testosterone under FSH control into estradiol
Granulosa cells transform testosterone into estradiol under LH control
Theca interna cells produce testosterone
Ovary:
Is covered by simple cuboidal epithelium
In the medulla he follicles are not visible
In the cortex there is a well developed capillary system
Primordial follicles are located outermost
Graafian follicle has a large single antrum
Steps of fertilization:
1. Passage of the sperm through the corona radiata
5. Cortical and zona reaction and completion of the second mitotic division
2. Penetration of the zona pellucida
6. Formation of the male pronucleus
3. Sperm binding with ZP1 of ZP that is specific for sperm receptor
7. Fusion of both nuclei
4. Entering of sperm together with mitochondria in oocyte
What is true regarding the ovary?
The function of theca interna cells are under LH control
Contains many primordial follicles in its medulla
Is covered by granulosa cells
Histologically subdivided into cortex and medulla
Surface is covered by germinal epithelium
The most internal place is the medullary region
Under the surface epithelium there is a layer of dense CT; the tunica albuginea
Estrogens are synthesized only by granulosa cells of the follicles
In estrogen synthesis the theca externa participates
Follicles are embedded in the stroma of the medulla
The oviduct:
Infundibulum opens into the peritoneal cavity
Its a muscular tube of great motility
Glands of submucosa produce progesterone
Infundibulum is fused permanently with the wall of the ovary
What are the functions of the female reproductive system?
Provides environment for sperm maturation
Provides the environment for fertilization
Synthesis of androgens
Growing of oocytes
Performed the embryo and fetus development
Produces spermatogonia
Liberates estrogens
Provides the environment for sperm capacitation
Hormonal regulation and secretion in female reproductive system:
Growth of ovary follicle is FSH dependent
The cyclic changes of histological structure of mucous membrane consider only the uterus, not the fallopian tube
Ovulation is the result of peak levels of LH
During the cycle phenotype of epithelial cells in the ociduct changes
What is true regarding female gametes?
At puberty ovaries contain ≈ 300 000 oocytes
In a 7-month old embryo there are about 7 million oogonia
In a 5-month old embryo there are about 7 million oogonia
Just before ovulation the primary oocyte completes the first meiotic division
Secondary oocytes are arrested in the second meiotic division
Primordial oocytes are arrested in the first meiotic division
What is true regarding the female reproductive system
The submucosa of the oviduct is rich in glands
Primordial follicles with primary oocytes are surrounded by flattened follicular cells
The ampulla has no muscular layer
The surge of FSH results in ovulation
The ampulla has many mucosal folds
The surge of LH results in ovulation
The menstrual phase is characterized by desquamation of basalis layer endometrium
Hormonal regulation and secretion in the female reproductive system:
Estrogens stimulates the increase of length and number of cilia on epithelial cells of the fallopian tube
The cyclic changes consider only the uterus, not the fallopian tube
Growth of the ovary follicle is FSH-dependent
Ovulation is the result of peak LH
During the cycle the phenotype of epithelial cells of the oviduct changes
The oviduct:
Is a muscular tube of great motility
The wall is composed of mucosa, muscularis and serosa
The mucosa is composed of epithelium and lamina propria
The mucosa has longitudinal folds
The wall is composed of three layers
Corpus luteum:
The corpus luteum of pregnancy produce a lot of progesterone
After fertilization and implantation the corpus luteum becomes the corpus luteum of pregnancy
Corpus luteum is formed from the ovulated graafian follicle
Produces progesterone and estrogens
Oviduct:
Is a muscular tube of great motility
Secretion of epithelium promotes activation of spermatozoa
The mucosa has longitudinal folds
Thick muscularis is composed of three layers of striated muscle
Ovarian follicles:
Oocytes possesses microvilli
Corona radiata is a synonym for the theca externa
The primary oocyte of the primordial follicle is enveloped by one layer of follicular cells
Corona radiata is formed by follicular cells closely located to the oocyte
Ovarian follicles:
Primary oocytes of the primordial follicle are enveloped by one layer of follicular cells
Corona radiata is visible in the multilaminar primary follicle
Filopodia of granulosa cells penetrate the zona pellucida
Corona radiata is well visible in the graafian follicle
Zona pellucida is the basal membrane that envelopes egg cells
Within the unilaminar primary oocyte rapid proliferation continues
Endometrium:
There is submucosa in the oviduct
It is divided into a functionalis and basalis layer
Its epithelium contains non ciliated secretory and ciliated cells
Contains acinar glands
Proliferative phase is characterized by the presence of straight glands
Match: female reproductive system
Follicular phase - growth of ovarian follicle
Primordial follicle - secondary oocyte
Endometrial lining - pseudostratified columnar epithelium
Secretory phase - coiled glands
Graffian follicle - corona radiata
Corpus luteum / corpus albicans
Corpus luteum is formed from the ovulated Graafian follicle
Corpus albicans produce lots of progesterone
Corpus luteum produces progesterone and estrogens
Corpus luteum is formed by granulosa cells and theca interna cells
Corpus luteum is formed by granulosa cells and theca externa cells
The oviduct:
Its surface is covered by pseudostratified epithelium with cilia
Primordial follicles are located in the medulla
Antral follicles are characterized by spaces between granulosa cells
Only graafian follicles are found in the stroma of the cortical region
Primordial follicles consists of the secondary oocyte
The oviduct:
The wall is composed of three layers
The mucosa is composed of epithelium and lamina propria
Folds of mucosa are the most numerous in the ampulla
Stratified squamous epithelium lines, contains only secretory cells
Is divided into the cortex and medulla
Participate in the egg cell maturation
What is true regarding the female reproductive system?
Ovary is surrounded by pseudostratified epithelium
Primordial follicles are surrounded by three layers of granulosa cells
Uterus is lined with simple columnar epithelium
Isthmus of oviduct is characterized by numerous mucosal glands
Ampulla is lined with simple columnar epithelium
Corpus luteum:
Develops just after ovulation
Undergoes atresia just after ovulation
Its main secretory product is progesterone
Is composed of intestitial cells
Its main secretory product is testosterone
Monozygotic twins:
Are called fraternal twins
Are not genetically identical
Develop from one zygote
Develop from one zygote which splits to form two embryos
Penetration of the zona pellucida by spermatozoa:
Is a consequence of releasing the acrosome enzymes of the spermatozoa
Is also called the zona reaction
It is the next step after dispersing the follicular cells
It is also called the decidua reaction
It is the process of dispersing of the follicular cells
Fusion of the oocyte and sperm cells membranes follow the penetration of the zona pellucida
Uterine wall layers:
Endometrium is the mucosal layer
Lamina propria of endometrium consist of CT with collagen type 3, fibroblasts and ground substance
Endometrium consists of simple columnar epithelium
Perimetrium consists of CT with collagen type 3 and fibroblasts and ground substance
What is true regarding the female gametes:
At puberty ovaries contain about 300 000 oocytes
The first arrest of meiosis occur during the prophase of cell division
Primary oocytes are arrested in the first meiotic division
Secondary oocytes are arrested on the second meiotic division
In a seven month old embryo, there are ≈ seven million oogonia in the ovaries
Just before ovulation the primary oocyte completes its first meiotic division
Granulosa cells:
Produce sex hormones
Are located between gap junctions
Proliferate into stratified follicular epithelium known as the zona granulosa
Can be well seen in the multilaminar follicle
Are connected to each other by tight junctions
Oviduct:
The simple columnar epithelium contains ciliated cells and secretory cells
Participate in egg cell maturation
The mucosa has longitudinal folds
At the uterus side there is well developed muscular layer
Does not contain glands
Secretion of epithelium promotes activation of spermatozoa
Ovarian follicles:
Within the uni and multilaminar primary follicle there are follicular granulosa cells which continues proliferation
Oocytes processes microvilli
Atresia is the process of atrium formation in the follicle
Within multilaminar primary oocytes the follicular cells are termed granulosa cells
Zona pellucida:
Is formed in the unilaminar follicle
Contains glycoprotein ZP3 that is responsible for sperm binding
Zona reaction prevents polyspermy
Is required to initiate the acrosome reaction
Find true:
Secretory phase gives coiled glands
Estrogen and progesterone controls the female reproductive system organs
Follicles can at any stage of development undergo atresia
Glands of uterine cervix are mucous secreting
External genitalia are developed under placental estrogens
In the menstrual phase the zona functionalis of the endometrium is sloughed out of the uterus
Find true:
Synthesis of androgens
Endometrium is divided into functionalis and basalis layer
Ampulla of the oviduct contains a large amount of coiled glands
Ovarian cortex houses follicles at various stages of development
The primordial follicle is surrounded by three layers of granulosa cells
The ampulla has no muscularis layer
Primordial follicles in the ovary contains gonocytes
The thickening of the endometrium in the secretory phase is controlled by progesterone
The mature ovulated oocyte just before fertilisation:
Is arrested in the metaphase of the 2nd meiotic division
Is arrested in the prophase of the 1st meiotic division
Has no zona pellucida
Has no corona radiata
Has two bodies
The endometrium:
It is the submucosa of the oviduct
It is the mucosa of the uterus
Its epithelium contains noncilicated secretory and ciliated cells
Contains acinar glands
Proliferative phase is characterized by the presence of straight glands
When the blastocyst start the implantation in the oviduct, the following complication can happen:
Congenital malformation of fetus
Premature delivery
Placenta predical
Multifetal pregnancy
Ectopic pregnancy
Ocary development:
Oogonia arise from the endoderm of the yolk sac
Occurs by the 10th week of gestation
What is true?
Progesteron predominates in the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle
You can find mucous glands in the endocervix
Corpus luteum developes in the ovary after ovulation
Straight arteries supplies the zona basalis of the endometrium in the uterus
Estrogens induce the reconstituting of the endometrium loss during menstruation
The main product of the corpus luteus is progesterone
Which statement is correct?
The mucous membrane of the vagina contains mucous secreting glands
There are no glands in the mucous membrane of the oviduct
The zona basalis of the endometrium is supplied by straight arteries
The changes of endometrium in the secretory phase depends on progesterone
You can find ciliated cells in the epithelium of the oviduct
Cervix:
Is the inferior part of the uterus
Does not undergo cyclic changes
Composed of simple columnar epithelium
Estradiol helps spermatozoa to pass easily
Progesterone creates a dense mucous that protects from bacteria
The layers of the uterine wall:
Perimetrium is the outer connective tissue, covered by mesothelium and mostly serosa
Myometrium is the thickest part and most vascularized
Endometrium is the mucosa layer
The epithelium of the endometrium is ciliated
Glands are located in the endometrium
The basal layer of endometrium includes the ends of glands
The functional layer of the endometrium includes the length of glads
Myometrium:
Is divided into two well distinguishable layers
Thickest layer of the uterus wall
During pregnancy it undergoes hyperplasia and hypertrophy
Undergoes shedding during the menstrual phase
Contains simple tubular glands
Endometrial glands comprising straight tubules with narrow lumens may be found in the uterus during:
The proliferative phase of the menstrual cycle
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