HIGHWAY LESSON 2 pt.1

Is a prerequisite for any engineering activity or project; this is particularly true for the development of a highway network or system in a country

Involves the estimation of current and future traffic volumes on a road network

Is also a basic need for the Highway development.

Give the 5 IMPORTANCE OF HIGHWAY PLANNING

Give the 7 PRINCIPLES OF HIGHWAY PLANNING

3 TYPEs OF DATA COLLECTED

This data is beneficial for the best utilized type of road (MDR, NH, SH) to be created on the path. This includes traffic volume survey, origin destination survey, vehicles damage surveys etc.

2 types of collecting TRAFFIC DATA

Old-school solutions include human counters, pressure hoses, piezo-electric sensors, radars or custom HW image analysis appliances

It is advantageous to use the systems based on artificial intelligence by combining existing camera equipment, multi-modal counting capabilities, complex traffic patterns monitoring and constantly high accuracy.

3 FACTORS TO BE CONSIDER IN SELECTING THE RIGHT METHOD FOR TRAFFIC COLLECTION

Counter — a person is subject to stress, fatigue, and his biological needs. These factors affect data quality. In the manual method, attention span of a counter decreases with the length of the survey, and thus the error rate is increasing.

In the case of extensive surveys on multiple locations at one time, it is necessary to consider the financial difficulty of purchasing of technical devices that is worthwhile only if repeating such surveys.

With most traditional methods it is necessary to determine what data we need to measure and what it will be used for. Manual counters are not able to capture complicated traffic patterns or advanced data like travel time.

While constructing a highway, many shops and houses got affected or damaged. Thus, a social survey is done along roadside, town villages and shops. The surveyors collect data about villagers and have discussions about the project and ask for cooperation during the years for construction.

A report regarding affecting number of trees, flora and fauna near construction sites, pollutants increased during construction in air and water must be prepared and submitted to environment ministry to get the green signal for development

12 CLASSIFICATION OF ROADS ACCORDING TO:

Is the number of vehicles passing at a given point on a roadway.

It is the capacity of maximum traffic flow that can be accommodated in a highway, or it may also be referred to as load transported per day

3 Classifications of Roads According to Importance

International and national roads / expressways and national highways.

Region to region or neighboring parts / major district roads

5 Classifications of Roads According to Location and Function

________ are the main roads that connect all major cities to the capital of the country.

The Road width varies from ___m to ___m for the National highways in India.

The highways linking up with the national highways of adjacent states, district headquarters and important cities with the states are known as ________

The important roads within a district serving areas of production and markets and connecting these places with each other or with the main highways are known as _________

The roads serving rural areas of production and providing them with outlet to market centers, tahsil headquarters, block development headquarters, railway stations etc. are known as _________

The roads connecting villages or group of villages with each other or with the nearest road of higher category are known as village roads.

7 types of roads according to Material Used

_______ roads are laid with soil. They are cheaper than all types of roads.

______ roads are also low-quality roads, but they are better when compared within earthen roads.

Is a matter obtained from the disintegration of igneous rocks by weathering agencies.

Is an impure form of limestone. ______ roads are provided where lime is available in a reasonable quantity.

Roads contain crushed stone aggregate in its base course.

________ roads are prevalent roads around the world. They are the most used roads in the world.

Cement concrete is used to construct the pavements in case of ________ roads. These are very popular and costlier than all other types of roads.

2 types of roads according to Rigidity

2 types of roads according to Topography

3 Classification of roads according to Traffic Types

6 types of roads according to Speed and Accessibility

_______ are also called as access-controlled highways. These are wide roads designed for fast-moving vehicles to travel long distances with higher speeds.

_______ are one of the superior types of access-controlled roadways where the entry and exit of the expressway are fully controlled by ramps.

________ connect villages to cities or cities to cities or state to state or the roads connect the state capital to the national capital are called highways.

_______ are the roads laid inside the city or town for the movement high volume of traffic.

_______ don’t carry a large volume of traffic like arterials. The speed limit is restricted to 30km/hr

________ collect and deliver the traffic to and from local streets and arterials.

5 Main Type of Roads in the Philippines

_______ are those connecting major cities.

___________ are those connecting cities and municipalities. They connect national roads to barangays.

____________ are roads within cities or towns. They connect to provincial and national roads.

____________ are other public roads within the barangay.

Are highways with interchanges. _________ in the Philippines are toll roads. Toll rates vary and payments are made in cash.

Speed Limits for Cars and Motorcycles in EXPRESSWAYS

Speed Limits for Cars and Motorcycles in NATIONAL AND PROVINCIAL ROADS

Speed Limits for Cars and Motorcycles in STREETS OR BOULEVARDS, CLEAR OR TRAFFIC

Speed Limits for Cars and Motorcycles in CITY AND MUNICIPAL ROADS, WITH LIGHT TRAFFIC

Speed Limits for Cars and Motorcycles in CROWDED STREETS, SCHOOL ZONES

3 classification of roads according to Economy

2 classification of roads according to Carriageway

2 classification of roads according to Usage