Dental Research 04

1. Cross-sectional study is:

study of prevalence of a disease

study of percentage of a disease

study to collect data at one specific point in time of a whole activity of a sample or subject

study to collect data a whole activity of a sample or subject

2. What is a research design?:

A way of conducting research that is not grounded in theory

The choice between using qualitative or quantitative methods

The style in which you present your research findings, e.g. A graph

A framework for every stage of the collection and analysis of data

3. Naturalism has been defined as:

Viewing natural and social objects as belonging to the same realm

Being true to the nature of the phenomenon under investigation

Minimising the intrusion of artificial methods of data collection into the field

All of the above

4. In an experimental design, the dependent variable is:

The one that is not manipulated and in which any changes are observed

The one that is manipulated in order to observe any effects on the other

A measure of the extent to which personal values affect research

An ambiguous concept whose meaning depends on how it is defined

5. Cross cultural studies are an example of:

Case study design

Comparative design

Experimental design

Longitudinal design

6. Which of the following requirements for a dissertation may depend on your institution?:

Whether an abstract should be included

The format for referencing

The word limit

All of the above

7. Retrospective cohort study is:

historic cohort study, generally means to take a look back at events that already have taken place

study on history of a disease that you are raising to write your dissertation

study on history of an author that you are raising to write your dissertation

study on history of all samples that you are raising to write your dissertation

8. Case study is:

study on disease cases happening in a period of time

study on disease cases happening in a region of a period of time

study or dissertation on cases of a disease or something written by a person, group, which has been studied over time

study on disease cases happening in a group of people

9. Case control study is :

Study on two groups of samples that one is a group of disease cases and another is a group of control cases

Study on two groups of samples that one is a group of ill samples and another is a group of healthy samples

Study to control ill samples so as to collect data for dissertation

Study on two groups of samples that ones using real medications and others using placebo

10. Study participant – not patients: In this Manual and during the survey we use the term. Study Participant (SP) to refer to people who participate in the study as they. Each section is described in three sub-sections:

Clinical procedures

Diagnostic codes

Diagnostic criteria

All are corrects

11. What is the main advantage of producing a written research proposal?:

Helps with credibility.

Informs all interested parties

Helps keep people employed.

Helps the institution.

12. All of these may appear in a research proposal, but which one will ALWAYS appear?:

Research objective.

Creative objective.

Business objective.

Marketing objective.

13. Good research proposals will always:

Focus on addressing the research objectives

Provide respondent names and addresses.

Focus on the Harvard style.

Consider all possible research that had previously been done on the topic.

14. The proposal’s literature review is important because:

The tutor insists upon it.

It looks authoritative

It is expected by the university.

It shows that you are knowledgeable about the literature that relates to your research topic

15. Which proposal section is intended to describe the purpose with a full statement of the research Question?:

Introduction

Literature review.

References.

Proposed Method.

16. Which ONE of these phrases is best avoided in a proposal?:

This research draws upon the work of………..

I hope to…………

This research seeks to………….

The intention is to complete the study by……….

17. Which ONE of these is best avoided in a proposal?:

Short, clear sentences.

Accurate spelling and grammar.

Careful use of correct gender terms.

Jargon

18. What helps to agree timing, agree resource allocation and also draws boundaries?:

The final report.

The proposal.

The observation form.

The questionnaire.

19. How are research questions most often described?:

Arising within a laboratory setting

Posed after important factors are identified

May arise from our everyday life experiences

Always answered if we follow a scientific method of inqui

20. What does a good research question usually pursue?:

A small part of a broad topic

A topic unrelated to any other topics

The same thing as the null hypothesis

A broad topic

21. Which of the following is a good way to find a research topic?:

Personal experience

Getting an idea from your advisor

Looking for the next step in the research process

All of the above

22. How would you define the research process?:

The researcher's plan of action to be followed when carrying out research.

A method of collecting research data.

The stages or steps the researcher follows in carrying out a research project.

The account of a study the researcher will write at the end of the study ready for publication.

23. Questionnaire is a :

Research method

Measurement technique

Tool for data collection

Data analysis technique

24. After you think of each research question, evaluate it by asking whether it is:

Logically related to the topic

In question form

Not answerable with a quick Google search

Specific, not vague

All are corrects

25. The steps for developing a research question, listed below, help you organize your thoughts:

Choose a topic (or consider the one assigned to you).

Write a narrower/smaller topic that is related to the first.

List some potential questions that could logically be asked in relation to the narrow topic.

Choose and Change the question that you are most interested in.

All are corrects

26. For developing a research question you know the order of the steps:

Imagining narrower topics about a larger one,

Thinking of questions that stem from a narrow topic

Focusing questions to eliminate their vagueness.

All are corrects

27. What is the purpose of doing research?:

To identify problem

To find the solution

To identify problem and To find the solution

None of these

28. What is research problem?:

Is an educational issue or concern that an investigator presents

Justifies in a research study

Opinions and attitudes

Is an educational issue or concern that an investigator presents and justifies in a research study

29. Procedures for reviewing the literature involved in conducting a literature review:

Search for existing literature in your area of study;

Review the literature selected;

Develop a theoretical and a conceptual framework;

Writing up the literature reviewed

All are corrects

30. What do we do with research?:

Have it as interesting fact

Use it to make decisions

Use it to persuade influence others

Use it to change behavior

All are corrects

31. What types of materials are needed?:

Books, Magazine articles

Newspaper articles, Scholarly journal articles and web site

Other materials, such as statistics, government publications

All are corrects

32. Finally, review your new problem statement against the following criteria:

It should focus on only one problem.

It should be one or two sentences long.

It should not suggest a solution.

All are corrects

33. A research question is :

An answerable inquiry into a specific concern or issue.

It is the initial step in a research project and The first active step in the research project

The 'initial step' means after you have an idea of what you want to study,

All are corrects

34. Your research question is:

The key to success in doing your research

Writing your research paper

The foundation of all future work on the paper

All are corrects

35. A proposal is also known as a:

Work plan

Prospectus

Outline

Drafts plan

All are corrects

36. The most critical areas of an article to read is:

Results section

Introduction

Abstract

Limitations

37. Questions to ask yourself in regards to the completeness of the literature review include:

Does the title of the literature report reflect what happened or was found in the study

Are all of the terms defined and documented the first time they are used in the literature review

Does the problem statement still reflect the social or practical significance of your study

Have you added any additional journal articles or book chapters that strengthen your arguments

All of the above

38. In the definition of epidemiology, "distribution" refers to:

Who

When, Where

Why, who

Who, when and where

39. In the definition of epidemiology, determinants generally includes:

Agents

Causes

Risk factors

Sources

All of the above

40. Which of the following statement is correct about the references?:

A reference must always be initialized within functions.

A reference must always be initialized outside all functions.

A reference must always be initialized.

A reference must always be initialized within functions and a reference must always be initialized .

41. Which of the following statements are true?:

The larger the sample size, the greater the sampling error

The more categories or breakdowns you want to make in your data analysis, the larger the sample needed

The fewer categories or breakdowns you want to make in your data analysis, the larger

the sample needed

As sample size decreases, so does the size of the confidence interval

42. Which of the following is not a characteristic of research?:

It requires the collection of new data

It is reiterative

It requires reasoned arguments to develop conclusions

It aims to increase understanding

43. What should not be included in a research proposal?:

A summary of existing work in the area

The proposed methods to collect data

The results that will be obtained

An acknowledgement of any ethical issues

44. Identifying some ones age is an example of:

Nominal measurement

Ordinal measurement

Interval measurement

Ratio measurement

45. An experimental research design normally involves:

Manipulating the independent variable

Manipulating the dependent variable

A number of repeated measures

Data collected over an extended time period

46. Which of the following are not normally a requirement for experimental research design?:

Demonstrating co variation

Demonstrating time order

Demonstrating repeated measures

Demonstrating non spuriousness

47. Which of the following is not an advantage of a questionnaire?:

Provides structured data

Allows the respondent to complete in their own time

Allows complex questions

Allows access to a dispersed sample group

48. When designing a questionnaire, try to start off with:

Closed questions

List questions

Likert scales

Open questions

49. What should be the content of an abstract?:

The topic, objectives

The topic, the research question, objectives, methods of the study and key word

The topic, the research question or hypothesis, objectives and a brief résumé of the conclusions

The topic, abstract, introduction objectives, methods, results, conclusions and key word

50. The role of a project supervisor is to:

Make sure you keep to your schedule and deadlines

Provide intellectual support, guidance and critical feedback

Negotiate access to the research setting on the student's behalf

Give you a reading list

51. You can manage your time and resources best, by:

Working out a timetable

Finding out what resources are readily available to you

Calculating a budget for likely expenditure

All are corrects

52. How can you tell if your research questions are really good?:

If they guide your literature search

If they are linked together to help you construct a coherent argument

If they force you to narrow the scope of your research

All of the above

53. An operational definition is:

One that bears no relation to the underlying concept

An abstract, theoretical definition of a concept

A definition of a concept in terms of specific, empirical measures

One that refers to opera singers and their work

54. Closed ended questions are those that:

Have a fixed range of possible answers

Prevent respondents from allocating themselves to a category

Encourage detailed, elaborate responses

Relate to the basic demographic characteristics of respondents

55. Which of the following statements is correct?:

Self-completion questionnaires are a type of postal survey

Postal surveys can include self-completion or email surveys

Self-completion questionnaires can include postal or email surveys

Email surveys are a type of postal questionnaire

56. An open question is one that:

Allows respondents to answer in their own terms

Does not suggest or provide a limited range of responses

Can help to generate answers for closed questions

All of the above

57. Which of the following is a general rule of thumb for designing questions?:

Always bear in mind your research questions

Never ask a closed question

Always use vignettes rather than open questions

Use ambiguous terms to put respondents at ease

58. The statement of purpose in a research study should:

Identify the design of the study

Identify the intent or objective of the study

Specify the type of people to be used in the study

Describe the study

59. Computer database searches can be done:

With a computer with CD-ROM drive

At the library

Online

All of the above

60. A formal statement of the research question or “purpose of research study” generally:

Is made prior to the literature review

Is made after the literature review

Is made after the literature review and Will help guide the research process

All of the above

61. The Method section of the research plan typically specifies :

The research participants

The apparatus, instruments, and materials for the research study

The planned research procedures

All are corrects

62. What are the main characteristics of a Qualitative study?:

Exploring the reasons for people’s attitudes, experiences, behaviors and interactions.

Testing hypothesis

The results are described in number rather than words.

Generating data that is representative of a given population.

63. What are the main characteristics of a Quantitative study?:

Exploring the reasons for people’s attitudes, experiences, behaviors and interactions.

The results are described in words rather than numbers.

Testing hypothesis.

The data cannot be representative of a given population.

64. Can we combine two study designs: qualitative and quantitative, in one single research?:

Yes

Only in case report

Only in Cross-sectional studies

65. Which of the following study designs is Qualitative study?:

Cohort study

Cross-sectional study

Interviews

Randomized Control Trial

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