PSYC 2319 MAJOR EXAM 1

#1. What is NOT true about how values affect social psychology?

#2. Regarding social-psychological research, Myers warns that we must be cautious about

#3. In Snyder and Haugen's research on obesity and social status (1994; 1995), male students were shown a picture of a normal or obese woman before having a conversation with a female student. In this study, the dependent variable was the

#4. Research done in natural, real-life settings outside the laboratory is referred to as

#5. If you wanted more people to donate organs upon their death, you would

#6. A testable proposition that describes a relationship which may exist between events is a

#7. Ann Landers' 1984 survey of women readers' opinions about romantic affection and sex was probably

#8. The difference between facts and theories is that

#9. An experimenter exposed participants to different room temperatures to determine their effects on aggression. The room temperatures were the

#10. In order to determine whether or not changing one variable (such as education) will produce changes in another (such as income), one needs to conduct _______ research.

#11. Research on the wording of survey questions suggests that

#12. Another name for the "I-knew-it-all-along phenomenon" is the

#13. The extent to which we perceive outcomes as a result of our own efforts or as a result of chance refers to

#14. Persons from western cultures (e.g., America, England), relative to persons from eastern cultures (e.g., China, Korea), tend to

#15. Which of the following is true?

#16. Giving priority to the goals of one's group, such as one's family or workplace, and defining one's identity accordingly is called

#17. According to Wilson and Gilbert (2003), people have the greatest difficulty predicting _______ of their future emotions.

#18. Greenberg (2008) argues that, to manage their fear of death and feel that their lives are not in vain, people seek to pursue self-esteem by meeting the standards of their society. This is known as

#19. According to Myers' discussion on social comparison, people typically _______ the standards by which they evaluate their own attainments when they experience a(n) _______ in affluence, status, or achievement.

#20. Goel et al. (2010) found that Facebook users were _____ accurate in guessing when they agreed with their friends on political issues and _____ accurate in guessing disagreement.

#21. You attend a self-help discussion group, where the leader is encouraging people to think of themselves as the writers, directors, and actors of their own lives. The group leader is hoping people will adopt a(n) _______ locus of control.

#22. Our self-concept is fed by our roles, our social identity, our comparisons, and by

#23. The sense of hopelessness and resignation learned when a human or animal perceives no control over repeated negative events is called

#24. The best way to improve your performance in class is to be _____ in the praise and _____ about your ability and performance.

#25. A belief that leads to its own fulfillment is called

#26. Sometimes the basis for one's belief is discredited but an explanation of why the belief might be true survives. Social psychologists refer to this as

#27. The perception of a relationship where none actually exists, or the perception of a stronger relationship than actually exists, is called

#28. Which statement is NOT correct as it relates to mood and judgment?

#29. Despite reading numerous research studies that report the association of fast food consumption with heart disease and diabetes, Rachel continues to eat fast food and thinks that it is harmless. Rachel's thinking is an example of

#30. Your summer vacation was perhaps not an overwhelmingly positive event, but during the final week of August, you remember it as being a fantastic time. This is an example of

#31. June is participating in a research study. When she arrives at the room the experimenter treats her poorly, ignoring her questions and answering her in a sharp tone. Steve participates in the same study. However the experimenter acts in a very friendly manner toward him and goes out of his way to ensure Steve is comfortable at all times. Research on embodied cognition would predict

#32. "Implicit" thinking that is effortless, habitual, and without awareness is called

#33. "Explicit" thinking that is deliberate, reflective, and conscious is called

#34. Although you once earned a 100 on your physics exam, you have subsequently been unable to earn a perfect score again. Your experience may be understood in terms of

#35. Your boss is always cranky. You assume this is because he has not had a raise in 10 years. What type of attribution are you making to explain his behavior?

#36. You are consistently late to your psychology class, because the biology class you have immediately before it is in a building on the other side of campus. You are concerned that your professor does not think you are a serious student because of your chronic tardiness, so you inform her of why you are always late. You can now safely conclude that your professor will make what type of attribution about your behavior?

#37. Which of the following theories assumes that our actions are self-revealing?

#38. Jill recently received Botox injection in her face to treat her wrinkles. Since then, it has taken her longer to read sad stories in the newspaper and understand her teenage daughter's emotional outbursts. Which of the following best explains these side effects?

#39. According to the overjustification effect, reinforcements that praise people tend to _______ intrinsic motivation, and reinforcement that seeks to control people _______ intrinsic motivation.

#40. The best way to cultivate Mark's enjoyment of a task that is not intrinsically appealing to him is to have him comply with the behavior and then suggest that

#41. Festinger and Carlsmith (1959) found that when people act in a manner that is contrary to their internal attitudes they feel uncomfortable. To reduce this discomfort they may change their attitudes. This is known as

#42. Although you may spend the evening surfing the Internet rather than studying, you have generally been quite a disciplined student throughout your academic career and have always held the attitude that studying is important. The relationship between your studying behavior and your attitude toward studying can best be described by which social psychological term?

#43. No one wants to look foolishly inconsistent, according to _______ theory.

#44. Sarah has always strongly believed that it is wrong to steal, but after she steals a bottle of nail polish from the drug store, her attitude toward stealing becomes significantly less harsh. Which theory best accounts for her shift in attitude?

#45. People are _________ to comply with a large request if they comply with a small request first.

#46. You receive more than one marriage proposal, and after deciding on who you wish to spend your life with, dissonance theory would predict that you would _______ the individual whose proposal you did accept.

#47. According to studies on implicit attitudes, which of the following statements about changing behaviors through persuasion is the most accurate?

#48. Zimbardo attributed the behavior of the subjects in his "Stanford Prison Study" to

#49. Myra's neighbor, a little boy, practices his saxophone loudly and annoyingly. According to the overjustification effect, if Myra wants to get him to quit playing, she should

#50. An example of the overjustification effect in the text describes how the number of books Myers' son read ______ after the local library provided an incentive for children to read 10 books in three months.