Science Test Study 7.3
DNA and Protein Synthesis Quiz
Test your knowledge on the fundamental concepts of DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis with this comprehensive quiz designed for science enthusiasts. Challenge yourself with 20 multiple-choice questions that cover topics ranging from basic genetics to the processes involved in protein synthesis.
Prepare for your science tests with:
- Engaging questions
- Detailed explanations for answers
- An opportunity to reinforce your understanding of genetics
Which would be the most specific item - the simplest?
A bird
A chromosome
A cell
The nitrogen base - adenine
Which would be the least specific item - the most complex?
A bird
A chromosome
A cell
The nitrogen base - guanine
Every organism on Earth has DNA
True
False
What do we call the molecule that stores the information that organisms need to survive and reproduce?
RNA
DNA
Ribonucleic acid
Carbon dioxide
In DNA, adenine always pairs with:
Guanine
Cytosine
Thymine
Uracil
What are the building blocks of proteins?
Amino acids
Fats
Carbohydrates
Oils
Which nucleotide is not used in the RNA sequence?
Cytosine
Adenine
Uracil
Thymine
The genetic code is made up of groups of three nitrogen bases in the messenger RNA. Each three-base group, called a _____, codes for one amino acid.
Comma
Complex
Codon
Coda
Viruses are not considered organisms, because they lack many of the characteristics of living things. A virus is essentially a string of genetic material in a protein coat. Some viruses contain DNA, while others, called retroviruses, contain RNA. One example of a retrovirus is HIV, which causes AIDS. How is RNA different from DNA? Choose the two (2) statements that apply.
DNA and RNA use different sets of nitrogen bases
DNA has one strand of genetic material while RNA has two strands
DNA contains deoxyribose sugar and RNA contains ribose sugar.
DNA and RNA are proteins
Most proteins last 2 days or less in the body. Cells must constantly undergo protein synthesis to keep up their supply. What happens first?
MRNA moves to the cytoplasm of the cell
Amino acids are linked to form a protein
MRNA encodes the message from the DNA
DNA is unzipped in the nucleus
Most proteins last 2 days or less in the body. Cells must constantly undergo protein synthesis to keep up their supply. What happens last?
MRNA moves to the cytoplasm of the cell
Amino acids are linked to form a protein
MRNA encodes the message from the DNA
DNA is unzipped in the nucleus
Dr. Bert Vogelstein and his partners study the causes of cancer. In 2017, they published a study of 32 types of cancer. The study concluded that most cancer cases are caused by DNA replication errors. In fact, 66% of the cancer cases they studied were caused by random DNA replication errors. Environmental factors such as diet, sunburns, and smoking caused 29% of the cancers. The last 5% of cancers in the study were caused by inherited factors. What do cells build with DNA code?
TRNA
MRNA
Codons
Protein
Dr. Bert Vogelstein and his partners study the causes of cancer. In 2017, they published a study of 32 types of cancer. The study concluded that most cancer cases are caused by DNA replication errors. In fact, 66% of the cancer cases they studied were caused by random DNA replication errors. Environmental factors such as diet, sunburns, and smoking caused 29% of the cancers. The last 5% of cancers in the study were caused by inherited factors. What happens as a result of DNA replication?
A blueprint is transferred from the nucleus to the ribosome
MRNA encodes a message from DNA
A chromosome with two identical DNA strands is formed
A protein is formed
Dr. Bert Vogelstein and his partners study the causes of cancer. In 2017, they published a study of 32 types of cancer. The study concluded that most cancer cases are caused by DNA replication errors. In fact, 66% of the cancer cases they studied were caused by random DNA replication errors. Environmental factors such as diet, sunburns, and smoking caused 29% of the cancers. The last 5% of cancers in the study were caused by inherited factors. Other researchers study the effects of small changes in the DNA sequence. These small changes trigger changes to genes. Genes that differ by a single nitrogen base are called SNPs (pronounced “snips”). SNPs cause many different disorders. What is true of all genes?
They use the same kinds of tRNA during protein synthesis
They have the same DNA sequence
They have the same mRNA sequence
They code for proteins with the same amino acid sequence
List the six nitrogen bases that would pair with the following sequence in a strand of DNA: T C G A C A
T C G A C A
A G C T G T
T C D T G T
A G T C T G
Why does a cell complete DNA replication?
DNA replication ensures that each cell contains the correct amount of DNA to carry out life processes
DNA replication ensures that the viruses are living things
DNA replication ensures that fruits such as bananas and strawberries can have hybrid offspring
DNA replication ensures that no mutations ever occur
The DNA molecule is known as a/an:
Single helix
Double helix
Triple helix
Quadruple helix
It is now widely thought that which scientist was robbed of their work and discovery of DNA?
Francis Crick
Rosalind Franklin
James Watson
Benjamin Franklin
Messenger RNA (mRNA):
Carries copies of instructions for the building of amino acids into proteins from DNA to ribosomes in the cytoplasm
Carries amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis
Binds to mRNA and tRNA to ensure that the codon sequence of the mRNA is translated accurately into amino acid sequence in protein
Kills viruses in the body
Which substance is not a part of DNA?
Uracil
Guanine
Thymine
Adenine
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