PASS - HPL 2
Blood pressure depends on the:
Resistance and the efficiency of the cells
Cardiac input & the resistance of the capillaries
Cell output & the thinness of the blood
Cardiac output & the resistance of the capillaries
What law governs the oxygen transfer at the alveoli?
Boyle's
Charles'
Henry's
Gas Diffusion Law - Fick's Law
A pilot suffering from hyperventilation during final approach in poor weather can combat the effects by:
Going on 100% oxygen & going around
Landing regardless of the weather
Regulating depth & rate of breathing
Declaring a Mayday
A few hours after landing, a pilot feels pain in his/her joints. The correct action is to:
Exercise; it will make the pain disappear
Do physiotherapy
See an aviation medical specialist as soon as possible
Ignore it since it is probably due to common after-effect of height
Carbon Monoxide:
Can have a severe affect on a pilot's abilities when receiving exposure for a relatively short period of time
Does not have an effect when the body becomes used to the gas over a long period of time
Has no effect on the human body
Is not toxic
Boyle's Law has a role to play in:
Hypoxia with increased altitude
Decompression Sickness
Gastrointestinal Tract Barotrauma
Night Vision
Which of the following symptoms marks the begining of hyperventilation?
Slow Heart Beat
Cyanosis
Dizzy Feeling
Slow Rate of Breathing
In an ascent, where is the greatest pressure differential?
0-5000 ft
5000-10000 ft
10000-15000 ft
40000-45000 ft
Concerning hypoxia, why is it more hazardous if you are flying solo?
The effects are increased
It is difficult to recognise the first symptoms of hypoxia for a pilot in initial training
It is more difficult to manage the oxygen systems on your own
There is no one to take contol once the symptoms of hypoxia appear
Under normal conditions, which gas diffuses from the blood to the alveoli?
Oxygen
Carbon Dioxide
Carbon Monoxide
Nitrogen
Time of useful consciousness at 25,000 feet with moderate activity & rapid decompression is approximately:
2 minutes
30 seconds to 5 minutes
2.5 minutes to 5 minutes
5 to 10 minutes
As the body ascends, the partial pressure oxygen within the lungs:
Decreases at a rate of 3x the atmospheric rate
Decreases at the same rate as that of the atmospheric
Stays the same
Increases
On expiration, there is:
Higher CO2 content than on intake
More oxygen content than on intake
Less water vapour content than on intake
The same CO2 content as on intake
9. TUC is dependent on:
1. Rate of Decompression
2. Altitude of the occurence
3. Type of aircraft
4. Activity of the pilot
5. Personal health
1. Rate of Decompression
2. Altitude of the occurence
3. Type of aircraft
4. Activity of the pilot
5. Personal health
1, 2, & 3
All of the above
All except 3
2, 3, & 5
Which of the following statements, if any, are correct?
1. Euphoria is a possible result of hypoxia
2. Euphoria can lead to degraded decisions in flight
1. Euphoria is a possible result of hypoxia
2. Euphoria can lead to degraded decisions in flight
1 & 2
1 only
2 only
Neither
Which of the following statements are correct? Decompression sickness can be avoided by:
1. Staying below 18000 ft
2. Maintaining cabin pressure below 8000 ft
3. breathing 100% oxygen 30 minutes prior to & during flight
4. Exercising before & during flight
1. Staying below 18000 ft
2. Maintaining cabin pressure below 8000 ft
3. breathing 100% oxygen 30 minutes prior to & during flight
4. Exercising before & during flight
All correct
1, 2, 3 only
All wrong
2, 3, 4 only
You have been scuba diving below 10m. When can you fly next?
After 12 hours
After 24 hours
After 48 hours
Whenever you wish
The following are features of hypoxia:
1. Blue discoloration of the lips & fingernails
2. Shortness of breath & light-headedness
3. flatulence
4. Impared night vision
1. Blue discoloration of the lips & fingernails
2. Shortness of breath & light-headedness
3. flatulence
4. Impared night vision
2, 3, & 4
1, 2, & 4
1, 3, & 4
1, 2, & 3
Under normal conditions, external respiration is a subconscious process that occurs at a rate of:
20 - 30 breaths/min, averaging 25 breaths/minute
30 - 40 breaths/min, averaging 35 breaths/minute
15 - 25 breaths/min, averaging 20 breaths/minute
12 - 20 breaths/min, averaging 16 breaths/minute
The partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the lungs is:
Lower than the partial pressure of CO2 in the atmosphere
Higher than the pressure of CO2 in the blood
Lower than the pressure of CO2 in the blood
Almost equal to the pressureo of CO2 in the atmosphere
DCS symptoms can occur
When flying from an area of high pressure to an area of low pressure in an unpressurized aircraft
When cabin pressure surges below 18000 ft
Following loss of cabin pressure at altitudes higher than 18000 ft
Emergency descent following decompression below 10000 ft
19. Which of the following are defined in the ICAO standard atmosphere? 1. Pressure 2. Temperature 3. Density 4. Humidity
1, 2, & 4
1 & 2
2, 3, & 4
1, 2, & 3
Hyperventilation can cause:
Too much oxygen to the brain
Spasms in the muscles & possible unconsciousness
Bluish tinge under the nails of the fingers & the lobes of the ears
A feeling of euphoria
When flying, Vertigo gives the illusion of:
Flying straight while in a spin
Climbing while turning
A tumbling or turning sensation, sometines associated with dizziness
Descending with a decrease of speed
What is a stereotype & involuntary reaction to a stimulation?
Data Control
A Reflex
Stimulation Control
Automatic Stimulation
The function of the retina is to
Convert light images into meaningful information
Transport electrical impulses to the brain
Convert light signals into electrical impulses
Convert light signals into chemical impulses
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