Deductive arguments
If it rains the grass gets wet. The grass is wet. Therefore it has rained
Modus ponens
Modus tollens
Affirming the consequent
Denying the antecedent
IIf it is a Tuesday Joan has critical thinking class It is Tuesday, Therefore Joan has critical thinking class
Modus ponens
Modus tollens
Affirming the consequent
Denying the antecedent
You are either with us, or against us You are not with us, Therefore you are against us
Modus ponens
Modus tollens
Standard syllogism
Disjunctive syllogism
If global warming exists Aruba will be become too hot. Aruba has become too hot, so global warming exists
Modus ponens
Modus tollens
Affirming the consequent
Denying the antecedent
If Carl embezzled the college funds, then Carl us guilty of a felony Carl did not embezzle the college funds. Therefore Carl is not guilty of a felony.
Modus ponens
Modus tollens
Affirming the consequent
Denying the antecedent
If Jake studies hard he will pass his midterms Jake did not pass his midterms Therefore Jake did not study hard
Modus ponens
Modus tollens
Affirming the consequent
Denying the antecedent
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