BE

Tables, Graphs and Numerical (summary) measures are:
Inferential Statistics
Descriptive Statistics
Estimation and Hypothesis testing
Inferential Statistics
Descriptive Statistics
Value or a range of values
Hypothesis testing
Estimation
Binary, Nominal and Ordinal are
Qualitative (categorical) variable
Quantitative (Numerical)
Discrete are countable
True
False
Age › Weight › Height Temp › LDL cholesterol are
Discrete
Continuous
Frequencies and Percentages / Graphs: Bar chart / Pie chart
Categorical variables
Numerical variables
Mean, Median, Mode, Standard deviation, interquartile range / Graphs: Histogram / Box plot
Categorical variables
Numerical variables
Arithmetic average of data values
Mean
Median
Mode
Affected by extreme values (outliers) (two correct answers)
Mode
Mean
Median
Range
Are values that give information about how far the data points are from each other and how far they are from their mean.
Standard Deviation
Variation
Range
Variance
The difference between the largest and the smallest values:
Standard Deviation
Variation
Range
Variance
Average of squared deviations of values from the mean
Standard Deviation
Variation
Range
Variance
A smaller sample size will result in a larger SEM and a less precise estimate
T
F
Measured in different units
Coefficient of Variation
Standard error of the mean
Standard Deviation
Has the same units as the original data
Coefficient of Variation
Standard error of the mean
Standard Deviation
Total process of collecting, compiling, evaluating and disseminating demographic, social and other data at a specified time
Vital registration
Census
Demography
A population pyramid
Height
Population number
Age-sex
The study of the distribution, frequency and determinants of health problems and disease in human populations
Vital registration
Census
Demography
Epidemiolog
The scientific study of populations
Demography
Census
Vital registration
The proportion of a population that is affected by disease at a given point in time
PREVALENCE
INCIDENCE
Is calculated dividing the number of new cases of a disease
PREVALENCE
INCIDENCE
Number of deaths at each age multiplied by a global standard life expectancy for each age
Years of life lost (YLL)
Years of life lost due to disability (YLD)
Years of “healthy” life lost by virtue of poor health or disability
Years of life lost (YLL)
Years of life lost due to disability (YLD)
DALYs = difference of YLL and YLD
T
F
The Epidemiologic Triangle
Agent
Host
Environment
All of the above
Barriers that prevent invading pathogens from entering the body
Innate immunity
Acquired immunity
Resistance developed by the host as a result of previous exposure
Innate immunity
Acquired immunity
Risk factors which assist the development of disease exist, but disease has not developed
Susceptibility
Pres-ymptomatic disease
Clinical Disease
Changes have occurred to lead toward illness but disease is not yet clinically detectable
Susceptibility
Pres-ymptomatic disease
Clinical Disease
Incubation period
Infectious diseases
Chronic diseases
Latency period
Chronic diseases
Infectious diseases
Detectable signs and/or symptoms of disease exist
Susceptibility
Pres-ymptomatic disease
Clinical Disease
Disability
Disease has progressed to the point of causing a residual effect
Susceptibility
Pres-ymptomatic disease
Clinical Disease
Disability
Immunity - Immunization – Behavioral Change – Treatment - Contacts, Carriers
Host Prevention
Environmental Control
Personal Hygiene – Food Protection – Water Supplies – Sanitation, Regulation
Host Prevention
Environmental Control
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