Honors Bio Fill in the Blank

A substance that releases hydrogen ions when it is dissolved in water

When the concentration of H+ is greater than the concentration of OH-

The basic unit of matter

The number of protons in the nucleus of the atom

A substance that combines with hydrogen ions, making their number reduce

A solution in which the concentration of OH is greater

The measurement of the amount of energy used to heat a substance.\

An attractive force that holds atoms together in molecules

The making and breaking of chemical bonds to form new substances

The tendency of the molecules of a substance to stick together

A substance whose molecules are formed of different types of atoms

When an atom with a partially full outermost electron shell can become stable by sharing electrons with another atom

A subatomic particle which is negatively charged and lighter, that orbits the atomic nucleus

A substance that can’t be broken down or converted into other substances by ordinary chemical means

A type of molecule which is very unstable

Negatively charged oxygen atoms of water molecules attract the partially positively charged hydrogen atoms of nearby water molecules. This attraction is called hydrogen bond.

Charged atoms

Two or more atoms held together by their outer electric shell

Uncharged subatomic particles

Equal amounts of electrons in a covalent bond.

Positively charged subatomic particles

When isotopes release energy as they break apart from different atoms.

A substance that is able to dissolve other substances

An energy carrier molecule that is unstable and stores energy in bonds between phosphate groups

Usually found in the protein of organisms, is usually composed of a central carbon bonded to a nitrogen group (-NH2), carboxylic group (-COOH)

His type of molecule is in sugars and starches. It is a combination of water and oxygen

A polymer of glucose in which every other glucose is upside down. Therefore, it is hard for animals to digest and makes up the rigid cell wall in plant cells.

A chemical reaction in which a hydrogen ion and hydroxyl atom are removed from two subunits and combine to form a water molecule

A molecule composed of deoxyribose nucleotides; contains the genetic information of all living cells

A protein catalyst that speeds up the rate of specific biological reactions

One of several groups of atoms commonly found in an organic molecule, including hydrogen, hydroxyl, amino, carboxyl, and phosphate groups, that determine the characteristics and chemical reactivity of the molecule

The most common monosaccharide, with the molecular formula C₆H₁₂O₆; most polysaccharides, including cellulose, starch, and glycogen, are made of glucose subunits covalently bonded together

A coiled, spring like structure of protein

The chemical reaction that breaks down a covalent bond by means of the addition of hydrogen to the atom on one side of the original bond and a hydroxyl group to the atom on the other side; the reverse of dehydration synthesis

Describing any molecule that does not contain both carbon and hydrogen

An organic molecule that is hydrophobic because it has larger nonpolar regions only composed of hydrogen and carbon and won't dissolve in water. Ex. Oils, fats, waxes, phospholipids, and steroids

Carbohydrates with only one sugar molecule

Nucleotides that come together to form long chains

Alike subunits consisting of a three-part structure- a five-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a base containing nitrogen