Cell Biology Exam 2

Which organelle most likely originated by invagination of the plasma membrane?

Which of the following organelles contains its (their) own DNA, suggesting they were once independent prokaryotes?

Which of these is not found in the nucleus?

Functioning ribosomes

Chromatin that condenses to chromosomes

Nucleolus that produces rRNA

Nucleoplasm instead of cytoplasm

The _______ is(are) responsible for protein synthesis in a cell.

Chromatin

Chromosomes

Ribosomes

Nucleoplasm

Which of the following terms indicates the basic unit of hereditary information?

Gene

Chromosome

Chromatin

Nucleoplasm

Vesicles from the rough ER most likely are on their way to:

Which of the following is responsible for the synthesis of proteins that are being exported from the cell?

Smooth ER

Rough ER

Lysosome

Peroxisome

Vesicles with specific metabolic functions in a cell are called:

The cytoskeleton

Centrioles

Ribosomes

Microbodies

These micro bodies break down fatty acids and contain catalase to break down hydrogen peroxide:

Lysosome

Central vacuole

Peroxisome

Chromatin

Mitochondria:

Are involved in cellular respiration

Break down ATP to release energy for cells

Are present in animal cells, but not plant cells

All of these are correct

Which organelle releases oxygen?

Ribosome

Golgi apparatus

Chloroplast

Smooth ER

Which of the following would not be in a chloroplast?

Grana

Thylakoids

Cristae

Stroma

Which of these is not true?

Actin filaments are located under the plasma membrane

Microtubules are organized by centrosomes

Intermediate filaments are associated with the nuclear envelope

Motor molecules move materials along intermediate filaments

Cilia and flagella:

Have a 9 + 0 pattern of microtubules, the same as basal bodies

Contain myosin that pulls on actin filaments

Are organized by basal bodies derived from centrioles

Are constructed similarly in prokaryotes and eukaryotes

Both A and C are correct

In the fluid mosaic model, the fluid properties are associated with the nature of the _____ and the mosaic pattern is established by the _____.

Nucleic acids; phospholipids

Phospholipids; embedded proteins

Embedded proteins; cholesterol

Phospholipids; nucleic acids

Which of the following is not a function of proteins present in the plasma membrane?

Proteins assist the passage of materials into the cell

Proteins interact with and recognize other cells

Proteins bind with specific hormones

Proteins carry out specific metabolic reactions

Proteins produce lipids molecules

The carbohydrate chains projecting from the plasma membrane are involved in:

Adhesion between cells

Reception of molecules

Cell-to-cell recognition

All of these are correct

When a cell is placed in a hypotonic solution:

Solute exits the cell to equalize the concentration on both sides of the membrane

Water exits the cell toward the area of lower solute concentration

Water enters the cell toward the area of higher solute concentration

There is no net movement of water or solutes

When a cell is placed in a hypertonic solution:

. Solute exits the cell to equalize the concentration on both sides of the membrane

Water exits the cell toward the area of lower solute concentration

Water exits the cell toward the area of higher solute concentration

there is no net movement of water or solute

A plant cell that is placed in a hypertonic solution would experience:

Crenation

An increase in turgor pressure

Plasmolysis

No net charges

Which of the following is incorrect regarding facilitated diffusion?

It is a passive process

It allows the movement of molecules from areas of low concentration to areas of high concentration

It may use either channel or carrier protiens

It allows the rapid transport of glucose across the membrane

The sodium-potassium pump:

Helps establish an electrochemical gradient across the membrane

Concentrates sodium on the outside of the membrane

Uses a carrier protein and chemical energy

Is present in the plasma membrane

All of these are correct

Which of the following processes is involved in the bulk transport of molecules out of the cell?

Which process uses special proteins on the surface of the membrane to identify specific molecules for transport into the cell?

Phagocytosis

Pinocytosis

Receptor-mediated endocytosis

Exocytosis

The extracellular matrix:

Assists in the movement of substances across the plasma membrane

prevents the loss of water when cells are placed in a hypertonic solution

Has numerous functions that affect the shape and activities of the cell that produced it

Contains the junctions that sometimes occur between cells

all of these are correct

Which of the following junctions allows for cytoplasm-to-cytoplasm communication between cells?

Adhesion junctions

Tight junctions

Gap junctions

None of these are correct

The fact that energy transformations increase the amount of entropy is the basis of which of the following?

Cell theory

First law of thermodynamics

Second law of thermodynamics

Oxidation-reduction reactions

During energy transformations, the majority of energy is converted to:

Chemical bonds

Heat

ATP

Glucose molecules

Exergonic reactions:

Are spontaneous

Have a negative delta G value

Release energy

All of these are correct

Which of the following is incorrect regarding ATP?

It is the energy currency of the cell

It is stable

It is recycled using ADP and inorganic phosphate

Cells keep only small amounts of ATP on hand

The sum of all the chemical reactions in a cell is called:

Free energy

Entropy

Metabolism

Oxidation-reduction reactions

Which of the following is incorrect regarding the active site of an enzyme?

Is unique to that enzyme

Is the part of the enzyme its substrate can fit

Can be used over and over again

Is not affected by environmental factors, such as pH and temperature

Which of the following environmental conditions may have an influence on enzyme activity?

Substrate concentration

Temperature

All of these are correct

In which of the following does an inhibitor bind to an allosteric site on an enzyme?

Competitive inhibition

Noncompetitive inhibition

Redox reactions

None of these are correct

Enzymes catalyze chemical reactions by which of the following?

Lowering the energy of activation in the reaction

Raising the energy of activation in the reaction

Increasing entropy

Increasing the free energy of the products

The gain of electrons by a molecule is called:

Inhibition

Entropy

Oxidation

Reduction

In which of the following processes is carbon dioxide reduced to form carbohydrate?

Cellular respiration

Noncompetitive inhibition

Photosynthesis

Induced fit model

The function of light reactions is to:

Obtain CO2

Make carbohydrates

Convert light energy into a usable form of chemical energy

Regenerate RuBP

The Calvin cycle:

Produce carbohydrates

Convert one form of chemical energy into a different form of chemical energy

Regenerate RuBP

Use the products of the light reactions

All of these are correct

The oxygen given off by photosynthesis comes from:

H2O

CO2

Glucose

RuBP

Chemiosmosis:

Depends on complexes in the thylakoid gradient

Depends on an electrochemical gradient

Depends on a difference in H+ concentration between the thylakoid space and the stroma

Results in ATP formation

All of these are corredct

RuBP carboxylase is the enzyme that fixes carbon dioxide to RuBP in the Calvin cycle

True

False

When 3PG becomes G3P during the light reactions, carbon dioxide is reduced to carbohydrate

True

False

NADPH and ATP cycle between the Calvin cycle and the light reactions constantly

True

False

The ATP and NADPH from the light reactions are used to:

CAM photosynthesis

Is the same as C4 photosynthesis

Is an adaption to cold environments in the southern hemisphere

Is prevalent in desert plants that close their stomata during the day

Occurs in plants that live in marshy areas

Stands for "chloroplasts and mitochondria"

C4 photosynthesis:

Is the same as C3 photosynthesis, because it takes place in chloroplasts

Occurs in plants whose bundle sheath cells contain chloroplasts

Takes place in plants such as wheat, rice, and oats

Is an advantage when the weather is hot and dry

Both B and D are correct

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