Cell Biology Exam 2
Which organelle most likely originated by invagination of the plasma membrane?
Mitochondria
Flagella
Nucleus
Chloroplasts
All of these are correct
Which of the following organelles contains its (their) own DNA, suggesting they were once independent prokaryotes?
Golgi apparatus
Mitochondria
Chloroplasts
Ribosomes
Both b and c are correct
Which of these is not found in the nucleus?
Functioning ribosomes
Chromatin that condenses to chromosomes
Nucleolus that produces rRNA
Nucleoplasm instead of cytoplasm
The _______ is(are) responsible for protein synthesis in a cell.
Chromatin
Chromosomes
Ribosomes
Nucleoplasm
Which of the following terms indicates the basic unit of hereditary information?
Gene
Chromosome
Chromatin
Nucleoplasm
Vesicles from the rough ER most likely are on their way to:
The peroxisomes
The lysosomes
The golgi apparatus
The plant cell vacuole only
The location suitable to their size
Lysosomes function in:
Protein synthesis
Processing and packaging
Intracellular digestion
Lipid synthesis
Production of hydrogen peroxide
Which of the following is responsible for the synthesis of proteins that are being exported from the cell?
Smooth ER
Rough ER
Lysosome
Peroxisome
Vesicles with specific metabolic functions in a cell are called:
The cytoskeleton
Centrioles
Ribosomes
Microbodies
These micro bodies break down fatty acids and contain catalase to break down hydrogen peroxide:
Lysosome
Central vacuole
Peroxisome
Chromatin
Mitochondria:
Are involved in cellular respiration
Break down ATP to release energy for cells
Are present in animal cells, but not plant cells
All of these are correct
Which organelle releases oxygen?
Ribosome
Golgi apparatus
Chloroplast
Smooth ER
Which of the following would not be in a chloroplast?
Grana
Thylakoids
Cristae
Stroma
Which of these is not true?
Actin filaments are located under the plasma membrane
Microtubules are organized by centrosomes
Intermediate filaments are associated with the nuclear envelope
Motor molecules move materials along intermediate filaments
Cilia and flagella:
Have a 9 + 0 pattern of microtubules, the same as basal bodies
Contain myosin that pulls on actin filaments
Are organized by basal bodies derived from centrioles
Are constructed similarly in prokaryotes and eukaryotes
Both A and C are correct
In the fluid mosaic model, the fluid properties are associated with the nature of the _____ and the mosaic pattern is established by the _____.
Nucleic acids; phospholipids
Phospholipids; embedded proteins
Embedded proteins; cholesterol
Phospholipids; nucleic acids
Which of the following is not a function of proteins present in the plasma membrane?
Proteins assist the passage of materials into the cell
Proteins interact with and recognize other cells
Proteins bind with specific hormones
Proteins carry out specific metabolic reactions
Proteins produce lipids molecules
The carbohydrate chains projecting from the plasma membrane are involved in:
Adhesion between cells
Reception of molecules
Cell-to-cell recognition
All of these are correct
When a cell is placed in a hypotonic solution:
Solute exits the cell to equalize the concentration on both sides of the membrane
Water exits the cell toward the area of lower solute concentration
Water enters the cell toward the area of higher solute concentration
There is no net movement of water or solutes
When a cell is placed in a hypertonic solution:
. Solute exits the cell to equalize the concentration on both sides of the membrane
Water exits the cell toward the area of lower solute concentration
Water exits the cell toward the area of higher solute concentration
there is no net movement of water or solute
A plant cell that is placed in a hypertonic solution would experience:
Crenation
An increase in turgor pressure
Plasmolysis
No net charges
Which of the following is incorrect regarding facilitated diffusion?
It is a passive process
It allows the movement of molecules from areas of low concentration to areas of high concentration
It may use either channel or carrier protiens
It allows the rapid transport of glucose across the membrane
The sodium-potassium pump:
Helps establish an electrochemical gradient across the membrane
Concentrates sodium on the outside of the membrane
Uses a carrier protein and chemical energy
Is present in the plasma membrane
All of these are correct
Which of the following processes is involved in the bulk transport of molecules out of the cell?
Phagocytosis
Pinocytosis
Receptor-mediated endocytosis
Exocytosis
None of these are correct
Which process uses special proteins on the surface of the membrane to identify specific molecules for transport into the cell?
Phagocytosis
Pinocytosis
Receptor-mediated endocytosis
Exocytosis
The extracellular matrix:
Assists in the movement of substances across the plasma membrane
prevents the loss of water when cells are placed in a hypertonic solution
Has numerous functions that affect the shape and activities of the cell that produced it
Contains the junctions that sometimes occur between cells
all of these are correct
Which of the following junctions allows for cytoplasm-to-cytoplasm communication between cells?
Adhesion junctions
Tight junctions
Gap junctions
None of these are correct
The fact that energy transformations increase the amount of entropy is the basis of which of the following?
Cell theory
First law of thermodynamics
Second law of thermodynamics
Oxidation-reduction reactions
The energy stored in the carbon-carbon bonds of glucose is an example of _____ energy.
Kinetic
Potential
Chemical
Mechanical
Both B and C are correct
During energy transformations, the majority of energy is converted to:
Chemical bonds
Heat
ATP
Glucose molecules
Exergonic reactions:
Are spontaneous
Have a negative delta G value
Release energy
All of these are correct
Which of the following is incorrect regarding ATP?
It is the energy currency of the cell
It is stable
It is recycled using ADP and inorganic phosphate
Cells keep only small amounts of ATP on hand
The sum of all the chemical reactions in a cell is called:
Free energy
Entropy
Metabolism
Oxidation-reduction reactions
Which of the following is incorrect regarding the active site of an enzyme?
Is unique to that enzyme
Is the part of the enzyme its substrate can fit
Can be used over and over again
Is not affected by environmental factors, such as pH and temperature
Which of the following environmental conditions may have an influence on enzyme activity?
Substrate concentration
Temperature
PH
All of these are correct
In which of the following does an inhibitor bind to an allosteric site on an enzyme?
Competitive inhibition
Noncompetitive inhibition
Redox reactions
None of these are correct
Enzymes catalyze chemical reactions by which of the following?
Lowering the energy of activation in the reaction
Raising the energy of activation in the reaction
Increasing entropy
Increasing the free energy of the products
The gain of electrons by a molecule is called:
Inhibition
Entropy
Oxidation
Reduction
In which of the following processes is carbon dioxide reduced to form carbohydrate?
Cellular respiration
Noncompetitive inhibition
Photosynthesis
Induced fit model
All of the following are examples of organisms that can photosynthesize except:
Cyanobacteria
Pine trees
Cacti
Mushrooms
Algae
Carbon dioxide enters leaves through a small opening called the:
Stoma
Stroma
Thylakoid
Granum
Mesophyll
The function of light reactions is to:
Obtain CO2
Make carbohydrates
Convert light energy into a usable form of chemical energy
Regenerate RuBP
The Calvin cycle:
Produce carbohydrates
Convert one form of chemical energy into a different form of chemical energy
Regenerate RuBP
Use the products of the light reactions
All of these are correct
The final acceptor of electrons during the light reactions of the noncyclic electron pathway is:
PS I
PS II
ATP
NADP
Water
The oxygen given off by photosynthesis comes from:
H2O
CO2
Glucose
RuBP
Chemiosmosis:
Depends on complexes in the thylakoid gradient
Depends on an electrochemical gradient
Depends on a difference in H+ concentration between the thylakoid space and the stroma
Results in ATP formation
All of these are corredct
RuBP carboxylase is the enzyme that fixes carbon dioxide to RuBP in the Calvin cycle
True
False
When 3PG becomes G3P during the light reactions, carbon dioxide is reduced to carbohydrate
True
False
NADPH and ATP cycle between the Calvin cycle and the light reactions constantly
True
False
The ATP and NADPH from the light reactions are used to:
Slit water
Cause RuBP carboxylase to fix CO2
Re-form the photosystems
Cause electrons to move along their pathways
Convert 3PG to G3P
CAM photosynthesis
Is the same as C4 photosynthesis
Is an adaption to cold environments in the southern hemisphere
Is prevalent in desert plants that close their stomata during the day
Occurs in plants that live in marshy areas
Stands for "chloroplasts and mitochondria"
C4 photosynthesis:
Is the same as C3 photosynthesis, because it takes place in chloroplasts
Occurs in plants whose bundle sheath cells contain chloroplasts
Takes place in plants such as wheat, rice, and oats
Is an advantage when the weather is hot and dry
Both B and D are correct
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