Human Physiology and Immunology Quiz
Human Physiology and Immunology Quiz
Test your knowledge on human physiology, immunology, and neurobiology with this engaging quiz! With 24 thought-provoking questions, you'll explore the complexities of the human body and its responses to various stimuli.
Whether you're a student or simply curious about how our organs, systems, and responses work, this quiz is designed to enhance your understanding.
- 24 Questions
- Multiple-choice and checkbox formats
- Score your knowledge
If ATP production in a human kidney was suddenly halted, urine production would
Come to a complete halt
Decrease, and the urine would be hyposmitic compared to plasma
Increase, and the urine would be isoosmotic compared to plasma
Increase, and the urine would be hyperosmotic compared to plasma
Osmoregulatory adjustment via the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system can be triggered by
Sleeping for one hour
Severe sweating on a hot day
Eating a bag of potato chips
Eating a pizza with olives and pepperoni
Drinking several glasses of water
If a person loses a large amount of water in a short period of time, he or she may die from dehydration. ADH can help reduce water loss through its interaction with its target cells in the
Anterior pituitary
Posterior pituitary
Adrenal gland
Bladder
Kindney
A fruit fly, internally infected by a potentially pathogenic fungus, is protected by
It’s plasma cells
It’s immuniglobulins
It’s antibodies
It’s antimicrobial peptides
It’s B cells
The eyes and the respiratory tract are both protected against infections by
The mucous membranes that cover their surface area
The secretion of comolement priteins
The release of slightly alkaline secretions
The secretion of lysozyme onto their surfaces
Interferes produced by immune cells
Inflammatory responses typically include
Clothing proteins migrating away from the site of infection
Increased activity of phagocytes in an inflamed area
Reduced permeability of blood vessels to conserve plasma
Release of substance ms to decrease the blood supply to an inflamed area
Inhibiting the release of white blood cells from bone marrow
Bacteria entering the body through a small cut in the skin
Inactivate the erythrocytes
Stimulate apoptosis of nearby body cells
Stimulate release of interferons
Stimulate natural killer cell activity
Activate a group of proteins called complement
Septic shock, a systemic response including a high fever and low blood pressure, is a response to
Certain bacterial infections
Specific forms of viruses
The presence of natural killer cells
A fever of >103 F in adults
Jenner’s successful use of cowpox virus as a vaccine against the smallpox virus is due to the fact that
The immune system responds nonspecifically to antigens
The cowpox virus made in response to the presence of smallpox
Cowpox and smallpox are antibodies with similar immunizing properties
There are some antigenic determinants common to both pox viruses
Cowpox and smallpox are caused by the same virus
Antihistamine treatment reduces
Blood vessel dilation
Phagocytosis of antigens
MHC presentation by macrophages
The secondary immune response
Clonal selection by antigens
Yearly vaccination of humans for influenza viruses is necessary because
Of an increase in immunodeficiency diseases
Flu can generate anaphylactic shock
Surviving the flu viruses one year exhausts the immune system to none responsiveness the second year
Rapid mutation in flu viruses alters the surfaces proteins in infected host cells
Flu leads to autoimmune disorders
The operation of the sodium-potassium “pump” moves
Sodium and potassium ions into the cell
Sodium and potassium ions out of the cell
Sodium and ions into the cell and potassium ions out of the cell
Sodium ions out of the cell and potassium ions into the cell
Sodium and potassium ions into the mitochondria
Two fundamental concepts about the ion channels of a “resting” neuron are that the channels
Are always open, but the concentration gradients of ions frequently change
Are always closed, but ions move closer to the channels during excitation
Open and close depending on stimuli, and are specific as to which ion can traverse them
Open and close depending on chemical messengers, and are nonspecific as to which ion can traverse them
Open in response to stimuli, and then close simultaneously, in unison
Opening all of the sodium channels, with all other ion channels closed which is and admittedly artificial setting on an otherwise typical neuron should move its membrane potential to
-90 mV
-70 mV
0 mV
+30 mV
+62 mV
Self propagation and refractory periods are typical
Action potentials
Graded hyperpolarizations
Excitatory postsynaptic potentials
Threshold potentials
Resting potentials
A toxin that binds specifically to voltage gated sodium channels in axons would be expected to
Prevent the huperpolarization phase of the action potential
Prevent the depolarization phase of the action potential
Prevent graded potentials
Increase the release of neurotransmitter molecules
Have most of its effects on the detritus region of a neuron
Two fundamental principles that characterize gated ion channels in the neuronal membrane are that the channels
Are always open, but the concentration of ions frequently change
Are always closed, but ions move closer to the channels during excitation
Open and close depending on chemical messengers and are no specific as to which ion can transverse them
Open in response to stimuli, and then close simultaneously, in unison
Functionally, which cellullar location is the neuron’s “decision-making site” as to whether or not an action potential will be initiated?
Axonal membranes
Axon hillocks
Dendritic membranes
Presynaptic membranes
Exercise and emergency reactions include
Increased activity in all parts of the peripheral nervous system
Increased activity in the sympathetic division and increased activity in the parasympathetic division
Increased activity in the enteric nervous system
Reduced heart rate and blood pressure
The bottle nose dolphin breathes air but can sleep in the ocean because it
Ceases breathing while sleeping and remains underwater
Sleeps for only 30 minutes at a time, the maximum interval for which it can cease breathing
Fills its swim bladder with air to keep its blowhole above the surface of the water while it sleeps
Moves to shallow water to sleep, so it does not need to swim to keep its blowhole above the surface of the water
Alternated which half of it’s brain is asleep and which half is awake
An organism that lacks integration centers
Cannot receive stimuli
Will not have a nervous system
Will not be able to interpret stimuli
Can be expected to lack myelinated neurons
The correct sequence of sensory processing is
Sensory adaption > stimulus reception > sensory transduction > sensory perception
Stimulus reception > sensory transduction > sensory perception > sensory adaption
Sensory perception > stimulus reception > sensory transduction > sensory adaption
Sensory perception > sensory transduction > stimulus reception > sensory adaption
Stimulus reception > sensory perception > sensory adaption sensory transduction
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