Nuclear Chemistry Review

radioactivity - emission of ionizing (dislodge e-) radiation by some of the heavier elements TO REACH STABILITY; can be particulate or non-particulate in nature

true

false

alpha particle - charge (+)

beta particle - charge (-)

gamma ray - no charge

with these, which are influenced by electric/magnetic field?

only alpha and beta particles

only alpha and gamma

only beta and gamma

(A.) lowest penetration but highest biological distraction; (B.) highest penetration but lowest biological distraction

(A.) alpha particle; (B.) gamma ray

(A.) gamma ray; (B.) alpha particle

(A.) even higher penetrating power than gamma rays; (B.) "ghost particle", necessary for conservation of properties during beta decay; (C.) "positive electron" observed in positron emission and electron capture

(A.) neutron, (B.) neutrino, (C.) positron

(A.) positron, (B.) neutron, (C.) neutrino

true

false

discovered radioactivity; accidentally discovered the "phenomenon of radiation"; observed clear images produced on the black paper when uranium samples placed on top of it

Henri Becquerel

Marie Curie

Otto Hahn

Ernest Rutherford

coined the term "radioactivity"; discovered Polonium and Radium

Henri Becquerel

Marie Curie

Otto Hahn

Ernest Rutherford

"Father of Nuclear Chemistry and Godfather of Nuclear Fission"; discovered phenomena of nuclear fission, alongside Lise Meitner

Henri Becquerel

Marie Curie

Otto Hahn

Ernest Rutherford

expansive work on disintegration of elements and the chemistry around radioactive nuclide

transmutation - atom of an element transforms into another upon bombardment of a smaller particle

Phosphorus-30 is the first radioactive nuclide

Henri Becquerel

Marie Curie

Otto Hahn

Ernest Rutherford

Protium is a/an ______ of Hydrogen. While Protium, Deuterium, and Titium comprise the Hydrogen _________.

Nuclide (atom with particular mass and atomic number), Isotopes (collective term for all possible nuclides of an element)

Isotope, Nuclides

(A.) alpha emission

occurs to nuclides with Z > 83 in order to increase N/P ratio

(B.) beta emission

possess high N/P ratio (above the stability belt)

neutron --> proton

(C.) positron emission

occurs to lighter nuclides (below the stability belt) to increase NP ratio

proton --> neutron

(D.) electron capture

occurs to heavier nuclides; external electron is used

proton --> neutron

(E.) gamma emission

metastable nuclide releases gamma rays to lower its energy state to a more stable form

all true

(A.), (B.), (C.) true; and (D.), (E.) false