Personality Midterm October Con't
Understanding Your Personality: A Comprehensive Quiz
Discover the intricacies of your personality with our engaging 64-question quiz! This quiz is designed to delve into various aspects of personality psychology, helping you understand your traits, behaviors, and how they shape your interactions with the world.
Whether you're a student, educator, or simply curious about personality, this quiz provides valuable insights and knowledge. You’ll explore:
- The Big Five Personality Traits
- Measurement methods in personality psychology
- Relationships between traits and behaviors
Which of the following scenarios provides the most accurate representation of someone's personality?
Talking to someone moments after a breakup
Watching people brush their teeth before going out on a date
Looking at people eat spaghetti the day before running a marathon
Walking into someone’s dorm room on a typical weekday afternoon
If you are a personality researcher, which of the following is the best way of measuring behavior to best predict personality?
When behavior is measured through genetic tests
When situational influences are strong
When behavior is averaged across several days
When behavior is measured once
What are some common physiological measures related to personality that can be measured by physiological tests?
Self-reports
TAT scores
Behavioral observations
Heart rate and sweating
__________ is the procedure in which potential research participants are told about the purpose of the study ahead of time.
IRB
Debriefing
Informed consent
TAT
What is the most commonly used research method in personality psychology?
Experiment
Physiological measure
Self-report measure
Projective test
In order to test the _____ validity of a self-report measure of state anxiety, Dr. Chauhan computes correlations between participants’ scores on the measure and the degree of increase in their blood pressure during a stressful task.
Face
Criterion
Convergent
Discriminant
Low endorsement of the item “Remains calm in tense situations” and high endorsement of the item “Is depressed, blue on the Big Five Inventory are strong indicators of:
Conscientiousness
Agreeableness
Extraversion
Neuroticism
Nelson is using a Likert scale in constructing his personality questionnaire. What does this mean?
He has put in a series of True or False question items
He has put in a range of numbers that correspond to how much someone agrees or disagrees with an item.
He has made the questionnaire as free from cultural bias as possible.
All of his question items are reverse-scored.
When Marlita's motivation decreases, her test scores tend to decrease. This is an example of what kind of relationship?
Positive correlation
Null hypothesis
Standard deviation
Negative correlation
Tyson has found that his scale on conscientiousness correlates well with his friend Natasha's scale on conscientiousness. This is a sign of __________.
Convergent validity
Face validity
Inter-rater reliability
Internal reliability
Much of the time, people's scores fall into a normal distribution. What does this mean?
Most people score in the middle and fewer score at the extremes.
Men score on the higher end of the scale and women score on the lower end.
Most people score at the two extremes of a scale.
Most people's scores are exactly the same because people share so many of the same qualities.
When answering questions on a personality test, Zuko's responses indicate that he is more kind, generous, and caring than he actually is. Zuko is exhibiting the ____ response set.
Yea-saying
Nay-saying
Social desirability
Extreme responding
A study that uses occupation as an indicator of personality (surgeons are identified as domineering, nurses as caring, and engineers as studious) uses:
S-data
O- (or I-) data
Physiological data
T-data
L-data
A researcher, Dr. Abreu, wants to make sure that her new measure of integrity yields the same scores even when a participant is assessed multiple times. Dr. Abreu should calculate:
Cronbach's alpha
Split-half reliability
Test-retest reliability
Interrater reliability
Alonzo finds that his measure of extraversion has a high correlation with Muggsy’s measure of sociability. This finding would be an example of _____ validity.
Predictive validity
Convergent validity
Concurrent validity
Discriminant validity
Descriptive statistics allow you to compare your scores on personality tests with others by focusing on the __________.
Median, distribution, and reliability
Mode measure, and validity
Low mean, high mean, and average mean
Mean, median, mode
People high in neuroticism are more likely to have __________.
Very good physical and mental health throughout their lives
Physical health issues but not mental health issues
Both physical and mental health issues
Mental health issues but not physical health issues
What is a common method researchers may use to assess mental health disorders?
Clinical interviews
Archival analysis
Self-report questionnaire
Experiments
Studying the speeches of U.S. Presidents to assess personality is done using __________.
Experiments
Projective tests
Meta-analysis
Archival research
Suppose researchers measure proneness to aggression by having a confederate bump into some of the participants as they walked down a hallway and rating the aggressiveness of the participants' responses. This study produces:
L-data
T-data
O-(or l-) data
Physiological data
S-data
Why are experiments not often used in personality psychology?
The funding is frequently not available.
Random assignment is very difficult.
Projective tests have proven to be much more reliable.
Experiments do not go far enough in proving causation.
Peter suffers from depression and was recently diagnosed with general anxiety disorder. It is not surprising that Peter also measures quite high on which Big Five personality trait?
Neuroticism
Extraversion
Agreeableness
Conscientiousness
Psychologists explain behaviors using the concept of __________, which is based on the idea that some people reliably behave differently than other people.
Clusters
Terms referring to temporary states
Traits
Descriptive terms
The __________ is the idea that important traits are embedded in our language.
Dawn hypothesis
Lexical hypothesis
Cattell hypothesis
Eysenck hypothesis
The smaller specific components within each Big Five trait are called __________.
Super traits
Facets
Micro traits
Subdivisions
Why is it more accurate to think of the Big Five traits as on a continuum rather than as distinct categories?
Most people measure at one extreme or another for a given trait.
Most people like to think of themselves as moderate, not extreme.
Most people who exhibit high on one trait tend to exhibit low on all the rest.
Most people measure somewhere in the middle for each trait, rather than entirely at one extreme or another.
What is at the core of the person–situation debate?
Whether situations make people do bad things
Whether a person's behavior is influenced more by personality or a particular situation
Whether people shape the situation they are in
Whether personality is due to genetics or environment
Brady and Liam spend much of their spare time volunteering at local charities, and they also like helping their friends. Brady and Liam likely score high on which Big Five trait?
Neuroticism
Conscientiousness
Openness to experience
Agreeableness
People low in conscientiousness are more likely to __________.
Abuse drugs and alcohol
Perform well in the workplace
Maintain healthy social relationships
Do well at school
Your friend Meghan decided to backpack across Europe so she could meet new people, try different foods, and experience a range of cultures and languages. Meghan likely scores high in which of the following Big Five traits?
Agreeableness
Openness to experience
Neuroticism
Conscientiousness
Which Big Five trait is LEAST likely to appear in other cultures and languages?
Openness to experience
Agreeableness
Neuroticism
Conscientiousness
A factor analysis is when words that correlate with each other form __________
Sentences
Descriptions
Groups
Verbs
What is the independent variable in an experiment?
The variable that is often interchangeable with the confounding variable
The variable that the researcher manipulates
The outcome variable
The variable that is set apart from the other manipulated variables
What is a many labs approach?
When different groups of researchers attempt to replicate the results of the same study
When many labs compete for funding
When large labs provide resources to smaller labs to maximize time and resources
When researchers alternate the labs they work in
Dan and Michelle are making their research materials and data on neuroticism in middle-aged men public. They are engaging in __________.
Meta-analysis
Many labs approach
Open practices
Unethical research practices
Rather than competing to see which has the biggest role in shaping behavior, the person and situation actually work together in many different ways, called __________.
people–family interaction
people–experience interaction
person–situation interaction
personality–behavior interaction
The nature–nurture debate is the view that __________.
The environment versus the situation causes personality traits
Genetics versus the environment cause personality traits
Genetics versus preferences cause personality traits
Parents versus the environment cause personality traits
Someone high in conscientiousness is, on average, __________.
More outgoing and social
More aware of their surroundings
More considerate of other people’s feelings
More likely to be on time
If a research finding is statistically significant, it:
Will have wide-ranging effects.
Is unlikely to have occurred by chance.
Is important to humanity.
Is likely to have occurred by chance.
In the Adjective Check List, personality is assessed by giving participants a series of traits (e.g., honest, cautious) and asking them to place a check next to all that characterize them. This scale is:
Unstructured and uses a Likert scale
Unstructured and doesn't use a Likert scale
Structured and uses a Likert scale
Structured and doesn't use a Likert scale
When answering questions on a personality test, Zuko's responses indicate that he is more kind, generous, and caring than he actually is. Zuko is exhibiting the ____ response set.
Yea-saying
Nay-saying
Social desirability
Extreme responding
Joey wants to be an actor, but has not been successful because he shows up late for auditions and forgets which part he’s auditioning for. Joey’s failure can be attributed to his:
Low openness
Low conscientiousness
Low extraversion
Low agreeableness
One night, a young couple gets into a loud fight, disturbing their neighbors. Which of these explanations falls on the person side of the person–situation debate?
She just told him she was unexpectedly pregnant
It was the end of the semester, so they were stressed and tired
They were both aggressive types
They must have been drinking
Which of the following is an example of a self-report measure?
Having researchers study documents that a person wrote
Having people react to strenuous situations
Having people fill out a questionnaire to describe themselves
Having researchers observe and assess participants in a study
An extraversion scale is correlated with other extraversion scales. This is considered to be an example of __________.
Convergent validity
Face validity
Discriminant validity
Predictive validity
If a Cat Person Scale correlates very highly with a measure of IQ, it would be said to be lacking
Convergent validity
Face validity
Discriminant validity
Predictive validity
What is the main reason social desirability scales are useful in research?
These scales are used to screen out people who may not be telling the truth.
These scales help researchers measure the reliability of other scales.
These scales help researchers measure extraversion vs. introversion.
These scales measure how many friends someone has.
A(n) __________ collects data on the same people at more than one time.
A. Correlational study
B. Longitudinal study
Experiment
Archival study
According to the text, researchers recorded all of the __________ in an English-language dictionary that could be used to describe people.
Adjectives
Verbs
Nouns
Adverbs
Ashley tends to get anxious when she goes through periods of change in her life. Ashley likely measures high on which Big Five trait?
Agreeableness
Extraversion
Openness to experience
Neuroticism
Which of the following statements regarding the Big Five is true?
The Big Five includes important information about people's ability to survive but tells us little about our ability to reproduce.
The Big Five includes important information about people's ability to survive and reproduce.
The Big Five is interesting in many ways but tells us little about our ability to survive and reproduce.
The Big Five includes important information about people's ability to reproduce but tells us little about our ability to survive.
With regard to other personality research, the Big Five __________.
Is hindering other lines of personality studies
Is useful but only for conscientiousness and extraversion
Is not very useful because the traits do not translate well to other models
Is useful because it can incorporate traits used in other models
Students often mistakenly think that conscientiousness means consideration for others, but instead it refers to someone who is __________.
A. Self-conscious
B. Organized
C. Emotional
Assertive
Which of the Big Five traits includes achievement-striving and self-discipline?
Agreeableness
Conscientiousness
Openness to experience
Neuroticism
Which of the Big Five traits includes morality and altruism?
Openness to experience
Conscientiousness
Agreeableness
Extraversion
Rosario has just taken the Big Five (IPIP) personality questionnaire. What information is helpful for her to consider as she reviews her scores?
Scores are best viewed as a continuum between extremely low and high results.
Scores are best viewed as distinct categories of extremely high or low results.
Scores should be either high on all traits or low on all traits.
The percentiles provided are not as useful as just labeling a result.
Vickie and Isabelle love socializing at parties on the weekends and always appear to be happy and in good spirits. They would likely score high on which Big Five trait?
Agreeableness
Extraversion
Neuroticism
Openness to experience
Research exploring if personality can predict whether people use a Mac or a PC has found that __________.
Personality does not predict preferences for features associated with brands
Personality does predict preferences for features associated with brands
It is not possible to predict preferences
Personality predicts brand preferences
A study of nearly 70,000 Facebook users who filled out a personality questionnaire and then allowed researchers to access their pages found which of the following words were more likely associated with introverts on their Facebook pages?
Read, love, party
Amazing, computer, love
Internet, party, amazing
Computer, internet, read
What are the two main criteria researchers use to evaluate personality scales?
Validity and measurability
Fragility and validity
Reliability and variability
Reliability and validity
Ashley tends to get anxious when she goes through periods of change in her life. Ashley likely measures high on which Big Five trait?
Agreeableness
Extraversion
Openness to experience
Neuroticism
Bosco develops a personality taxonomy using the zodiac, in which birth months are thought to be tied to personality traits, using the _____ approach.
Empirical
Lexical
Theoretical
Factor analytic
What are the Big Five personality traits?
Introversion, hostility, openness to experience, conscientiousness, neuroticism
Extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism, openness to experience
Openness to experience, domineering, conscientious, anal, introversion
Extraversion, introversion, conscientiousness, neuroticism, agreeableness
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