TILLERY: PHYSICAL SCIENCE-CHAPTER 3 (ENERGY)
According to the definition of mechanical work, pushing on a rock accomplishes no work unless there is
A. movement.
B. A net force.
C. An opposing force.
D. Movement in the same direction as the direction of the force.
The metric unit of a joule (J) is a unit of
A. Potential energy.
B. work.
C. Kinetic energy.
D. Any of the above.
A N⋅m/s is a unit of
A. work.
B. power.
C. energy.
D. None of the above.
A kilowatt-hour is a unit of
A. power.
B. work.
C. time.
D. Electrical charge.
A power rating of 550 ft⋅lb per s is known as a
A. watt.
B. newton.
C. joule.
D. horsepower.
A power rating of 1 joule per s is known as a
A. watt.
B. newton.
C. joule.
D. horsepower.
According to PE = mgh, gravitational potential energy is the same thing as
A. Exerting a force through a distance in any direction.
B. The kinetic energy an object had before coming to rest.
C. Work against a vertical change of position.
D. The momentum of a falling object.
Two cars have the same mass, but one is moving three times as fast as the other is. How much more work will be needed to stop the faster car?
A. The same amount
B. Twice as much
C. Three times as much
D. Nine times as much
Potential energy and kinetic energy are created when work is done to change a position (PE) or a state of motion (KE). Ignoring friction, how does the amount of work done to make the change compare to the amount of PE or KE created?
A. Less energy is created.
B. Both are the same.
C. More energy is created.
D. This cannot be generalized.
Kinetic energy can be measured in terms of
A. Work done on an object to put it into motion.
B. Work done on a moving object to bring it to rest.
C. Both a and b.
D. Neither a nor b.
Many forms of energy in use today can be traced back to
A. the Sun.
B. coal.
C. Texas.
D. petroleum.
In all of our energy uses, we find that
A. The energy used is consumed.
B. Some forms of energy are consumed but not others.
C. More energy is created than is consumed.
D. The total amount of energy is constant in all situations.
Any form of energy can be converted to another, but energy used on Earth usually ends up in what form?
A. Electrical
B. Mechanical
C. Nuclear
D. Radiant
Radiant energy can be converted to electrical energy using
A. lightbulbs.
B. engines.
C. Solar cells.
D. electricity.
The “barrel of oil” mentioned in discussions about petroleum is
A. 55 U.S. gallons.
B. 42 U.S. gallons.
C. 12 U.S. gallons.
D. A variable quantity.
The amount of energy generated by hydroelectric plants in the United States as a percentage of the total electrical energy is
A. Fairly constant over the years.
B. Decreasing because new dams are not being constructed.
C. Increasing as more and more energy is needed.
D. Decreasing as dams are destroyed because of environmental concerns.
Fossil fuels provide what percent of the total energy consumed in the United States today?
A. 25 percent
B. 50 percent
C. 86 percent
D. 99 percent
Alternative sources of energy include
A. Solar cells.
B. wind.
C. hydrogen.
D. All of the above.
A renewable energy source is
A. coal.
B. biomass.
C. Natural gas.
D. petroleum.
The potential energy of a box on a shelf, relative to the floor, is a measure of
A. The work that was required to put the box on the shelf from the floor
B. The weight of the box times the distance above the floor.
C. The energy the box has because of its position above the floor.
D. All of the above.
A rock on the ground is considered to have zero potential energy. In the bottom of a well, the rock would be considered to have
A. Zero potential energy, as before.
B. Negative potential energy.
C. Positive potential energy.
D. Zero potential energy but would require work to bring it back to ground level.
Which quantity has the greatest influence on the amount of kinetic energy that a large truck has while moving down the highway?
A. Mass
B. Weight
C. Velocity
D. Size
Electrical energy can be converted to
A. Chemical energy.
B. Mechanical energy.
C. Radiant energy.
D. Any of the above.
Most all energy comes to and leaves Earth in the form of
A. Nuclear energy.
B. Chemical energy.
C. Radiant energy.
D. Kinetic energy.
A spring-loaded paper clamp exerts a force of 2 N on 10 sheets of paper it is holding tightly together. Is the clamp doing work as it holds the papers together?
A. Yes.
B. No.
The force exerted when doing work by lifting a book bag against gravity is measured in units of
A. kg.
B. N.
C. W.
D. J.
The work accomplished by lifting an object against gravity is measured in units of
A. kg.
B. N.
C. W.
D. J.
An iron cannonball and a bowling ball are dropped at the same time from the top of a building. At the instant before the balls hit the sidewalk, the heavier cannonball has a greater
A. velocity.
B. acceleration.
C. Kinetic energy.
D. All of these are the same for the two balls.
Two students are poised to dive off equal-height diving towers into a swimming pool below. Student B is twice as massive as student A. Which of the following is true?
A. Student B will reach the water sooner than student A.
B. Both students have the same gravitational PE.
C. Both students will have the same KE just before hitting the water
D. Student B did twice as much work climbing the tower.
A car is moving straight down a highway. What factor has the greatest influence on how much work must be done on the car to bring it to a complete stop?
A. How fast it is moving
B. The weight of the car
C. The mass of the car
D. The latitude of the location
Two identical cars are moving straight down a highway under identical conditions, except car B is moving three times as fast as car A. How much more work is needed to stop car B?
A. Twice as much
B. Three times as much
C. Six times as much
D. Nine times as much
When you do work on something, you give it energy
A. often.
B. sometimes.
C. Every time.
D. never.
Which of the following is not the use of a solar energy technology?
A. Wind
B. Burning of wood
C. Photovoltaics
D. Water from a geothermal spring
Today, the basic problem with using solar cells as a major source of electricity is
A. efficiency.
B. Manufacturing cost.
C. reliability.
D. That the Sun does not shine at night.
The solar technology that makes more economic sense today than the other applications is
A. Solar cells.
B. Power tower.
C. Water heating.
D. Ocean thermal energy conversion.
Petroleum is believed to have formed over time from buried
A. Pine trees.
B. Plants in a swamp.
C. Organic sediments.
D. dinosaurs.
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