EXAM PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 2020/21

Illustration of human body systems in a medical context, emphasizing pathophysiology, with diagrams of inflammation, diabetes, and cardiovascular health

Pathophysiology Exam Quiz

Test your knowledge on pathophysiology with our comprehensive quiz designed for medical students and healthcare professionals. This quiz contains 28 questions covering various aspects of inflammation, diabetes, cardiovascular issues, and more.

Detailed questions on key pathophysiological concepts
Ideal for exam preparation and self-assessment
Gain insights into clinical implications in healthcare

28 Questions7 MinutesCreated by StudyingScience102

Indication for performing OGTT: know about impaired fasting glucose values, DM values

Fasting glucose 115 mg/dL and OGTT 180 mg/dL indicate DM

OGTT measurement of 150 mg/dL indicates Impaired fasting glucose

OGTT 180mg/dL indicates Diabetes

Directly after a meal, random glucose testing 210 mg/dL indicate DM

Increased permeability of the intestinal endothelium enables the absorption of:

Toxic agents

Antigens

Reabsorbed agents destroy the host tissue

Increased uptake of carbohydrates leading to type 2 diabetes

Movement of water in Fluid compartments:

Can be found predominantly in intracellular fluid space

Moves freely between all compartments described by universal rules

In order to be appropriately distributed – it requires energy

Transports predominantly dissolved substances

*Endothelium in inflammation:

Expresses on their membrane surfaces interleukins and selectins

Permits/ allows extravasation of leukocytes

Initiation of inflammation promoted by damage of endothelium

*Hypersensitivity types

Type IV develops very fast after initial infection

Type II is non-organ specific

Type I is “produced” by Th2

Type III can result into chronic inflammation

Compensation mechanisms

Respiratory acidosis compensation by retention of bicarbonate

Respiratory alkalosis compensation by excretion of bicarbonate

Metabolic alkalosis by Hypoventilation

Metabolic Acidosis by retention of CO2

Apoptosis which is NOT a morphological feature

*Complement in inflammation:

C5b67-chemotaxis

MAC complex

Activation of Mast cells

Opsonization for NK-cells in ADCC

Flow cytometry:

Laser light hits the cell flowing in the stream formed by the sheath fluid

There is a separate detector for each fluorescent channelt

A filter before a detector to reduce light

4 additional (detector) to the FSC and SCC

Neoplasms what causes

Mutations induced by chemical factors – oncogene

Mutations induced by physical factor by irradiation

Transformation of proto-oncogene to oncogene

Carcinogenesis by oncogenic virus

Man comes to the emergency room complaining of chest pain for 2h, not relieved by rest or sublingual NTG. Troponin is elevated 0.9ng/L. Based on this:

Very likely angina

Very likely MI

Very likely gastritis

Less likely angina

MI consequences:

Mitral valve regurgitation

ST depression in V1-3 precordial leads points to an anterolateral infarct

Skin discoloration due to jaundiced

Pain in the left arm and shoulder

Folic acid deficiency:

Congenital or acquired absence of intrinsic factor

Excessive ethanol intake

Inability to absorb properly

Intestinal polyp

Man with blood pressure 129/84- 139/89. Mean BP of 134/86 indicates which type of hypertension?

Normal/optimal

Prehypertension

Stage 1 hypertension

Stage 2 hypertension

*Primary mechanism in development of T2DM:

Insulin resistance

Beta cell defect

Immunoglobulins against beta cell

Immunoglobulins against insulin

Pulmonary disease with commonly fatal outcome:

Acute pneumonia due to viral infection

Pneumothorax-injury to lung

Hay-fever

Focal pneumonia causing bronchial obstruction

Stroke – typical symptoms:

Sudden problems with speaking

Dark skin due to activation of RAA system

Focal drop

Pain of lower body

Shock – non-progressive phase actions:

Increased in RAA system

Increase contractility

Increased Sympathetic system

Decreased CO

. Hypersensitivity reactions (cannot): macrophages which MHC to which cell

MHC I to Tc-cells

MHC I to NK cells

MHC II to Th-cells

MHC II to Tc-cells

Immunodeficiencies – lead to increase of following types of infections:

T-cells deficiency mainly fungi

B-cells deficiency fungi, viruses, bacteria

Complement deficiency mainly viruses

Phagocytes deficiency fungi and viruses

Indicate the potential mechanism of hypotensive effect after body weight normalization:

The decrease of peripheral tissue resistance for insulin in the body of obese person

The decrease of hyperinsulinemia state in the body of obese person

The increase of cardiac output in the body of obese person

The decrease of autonomic nervous system activity in the body of obese person

DM vascular effect complication

Ulceration of diabetes foot

Numbness of “fingers of foot” and foot

Constipation and vomiting

Risk factors for diabetes 2 + where you should perform OGTT:

Women with polycystic ovarian syndrome

Hypertension

TAG > 250 mg/dL

Obesity > 30

Patient with left sided heart failure – what can you expect/ what should you do:

Edema of lips and eyelids

Organomegaly

Elevation of jugular venous pressure

Congestion

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EXAM PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 2020/21

Pathophysiology Exam Quiz

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