Dental research 106
Dental Research Insights Quiz
Test your knowledge on the fundamentals of dental research and epidemiology with our comprehensive quiz. This quiz consists of 106 carefully curated questions designed to challenge your understanding and enhance your learning experience.
Whether you're a student, teacher, or simply passionate about dental research, this quiz offers:
- Engaging multiple-choice questions
- Insightful feedback on your answers
- A fun way to reinforce your learning
1. In the definition of epidemiology, "distribution" refers to:
Who
When, Where
Why, who
Who, when and where
2. In the definition of epidemiology, determinants generally includes:
Agents
Causes
Risk factors
Sources
All of the above
3. Students find/explore the in formations themselves in
Lecture method
Discovery method
Lecture method and Discovery method
None answer
4. To put ideas together to form a new whole is
Evaluation
Synthesis
Analysis
Application
5. Which is not true about projects
It is a purposeful activity
It is proceeded in social environment
It is accomplished in real life
It is teacher centred activity
6. Which of the following statement is correct about the references?
A reference must always be initialized within functions.
A reference must always be initialized outside all functions.
A reference must always be initialized
A reference must always be initialized within functions and a reference must always be initialized .
7. Which of the following statements are true?
The larger the sample size, the greater the sampling error
The more categories or breakdowns you want to make in your data analysis, the larger the sample needed
The fewer categories or breakdowns you want to make in your data analysis, the larger
the sample needed
As sample size decreases, so does the size of the confidence interval
8. Which of the following is not a characteristic of research?
It requires the collection of new data
It is reiterative
It requires reasoned arguments to develop conclusions
It aims to increase understanding
9. A study that investigates the relationship between gender and participation in sport would be an example of?
Exploratory research
Descriptive research
Explanatory research
Predictive research
10. A study that explores the success of coaching styles using data from the past three years results to identify potential improvements would be?
Pure, theoretical research
Applied, theoretical research
Pure empirical research
Applied empirical research
11. Research is often published in academic journals. Which of the following is not a peer reviewed sport journal?
Sociology of Sport
Journal of Sport and Tourism
European Sport Management Quarterly
The Journal of Sports Coaching
12. How many stages are there to the research process?
5
6
7
8
13. What would not be a consideration during the research design stage?
The availability of literature
The availability of participants
The type of methods that would be used
The type of analysis that would take place
14. Your conceptual framework is normally developed?
Before your literature review
During your literature review
After data collection
After data analysis
15. You would like to repeat a study that has just been published. Which would not be an appropriate way to make such a study original?
Geographically
Temporally
Socially
Contextually
16. When assessing a research question, which is not an element of ‘CAFÉ’?
Control
Access
Facilities and resources
Expertise
17. What should not be included in a research proposal?
A summary of existing work in the area
The proposed methods to collect data
The results that will be obtained
An acknowledgement of any ethical issues
18. When assessing Internet based literature, which of the following is NOT important?
The credibility of the author
The purpose of the site
The intended audience of the site
The layout of the site
19. Which of the following is NOT a function of referencing?
To demonstrate breadth of reading
To attribute a quotation
To ensure a sufficiently long reference list
To justify your approach
20. A literature review should include material that is
Directly related to your research question only
Closely related to your research question only
From the wider sports literature, but not from non-sports literature
From any available discipline if relevant
21. Which of the following is a discipline?
Sport
Social facilitation
Self-efficacy
Sociology
22. Which of the following is a field?
Sport tourism
Sociology
Self-efficacy
All of these
23. Which of the following is a theory?
Sport tourism
Sports coaching
Social facilitation
None of the above
24. Identifying someone's gender is an example of
Nominal measurement
Ordinal measurement
Interval measurement
Ratio measurement
25. Identifying someones age is an example of
Nominal measurement
Ordinal measurement
Interval measurement
Ratio measurement
26. An experimental research design normally involves
Manipulating the independent variable
Manipulating the dependent variable
A number of repeated measures
Data collected over an extended time period
27. Which of the following are not normally a requirement for experimental research design?
Demonstrating co variation
Demonstrating time order
Demonstrating repeated measures
Demonstrating non spuriousness
28. What is investigator triangulation?
The researcher collecting data from more than one source
More than one researcher collecting data and drawing their own conclusions
The researcher using more than none theory to explore a topic
The researcher using more than one sample to explore a topic
29. When may a participant withdraw from a study?
When the study is complete
With the permission of the researcher
At any time they feel they wish to withdraw
As soon as they have provided enough data for conclusions to have been made
30. Which of the following is not an advantage of a questionnaire?
Provides structured data
Allows the respondent to complete in their own time
Allows complex questions
Allows access to a dispersed sample group
31. The collection of qualitative data using a questinnaire would require you to use
Closed questions
List questions
Likert scales
Open questions
32. When designing a questionnaire, try to start off with
Closed questions
List questions
Likert scales
Open questions
33. What should not be included in a covering letter?
Details of the researcher
An explanation of the research
An indication of the likely results
An indication of when and how the questionnaire should be returned
34. An interview that allows the respondent to develop stories about their life experiences would be
An unstructured interview
A semi-structured interview
A structured interview
A narrative interview
35. An advantage of an interview over a questionnaire may be
It provides more structured data
The time taken is generally shorter for interviews
It is easier to analyse
It allows trust and rapport to be developed
36. Asking a respondent to develop a particular point would be an example of
A clarification probe
An elaboration probe
A development probe
All of these are corrects
37. When interviewing children, you should try to
Avoid being seen as an authority figure
Take them out of the classroom if interviewing them at school
Not be overly concerned with ethical issues
None of the above
38. What is the smallest sample size you should consider when interviewing?
1
3
5
10
39. Field notes should be
As brief as possible
Descriptive
Made after the fieldwork
Focus on a single element of the research
40. What will normally be the last of the following sections to be written?
Abstract
Literature review
Results
Conclusion
41. What should be the content of an abstract?
The topic and the research question or hypothesis
The topic, the research question or hypothesis, objectives, and methods of the study
The topic, the research question or hypothesis, objectives and a brief résumé of the conclusions
The topic, the research question or hypothesis, objectives, and methods of the study, a brief résumé of the conclusions
42. What should not be included in the introduction?
The aim of the research
A statement justifying the importance of the research
An indication of the key findings
An outline of the structure of the report
43. Which of the following do we recommend as ways to build your general knowledge of a topic area?
Read a good recent textbook chapter.
Look for the most recent in press publication before reading.
Find and use a reader on the topic in question.
Read a good recent textbook chapter and Find and use a reader on the topic in question
44. Why do you need to review the existing literature?
You enjoy reading the academic research on your topic.
Because without it, you could never reach the required word-count.
To find out what is already known about your area of interest
To make sure you have a long list of references.
45. To read the literature critically means:
To suggest the previous research was always poorly conducted.
Skimming through the material because most of it is just padding.
Evaluating what you read in terms of your own research questions
Being negative about something before you read it.
46. What can a researcher use the literature to achieve?
They can demonstrate their competence by referring to prominent writings in the field.
They develop their version of the literature in such a way as to show and to lead up to the contribution they will be making in their own project or article.
They can identify a gap or problem in the literature that corresponds to the research questions.
All of the above are corrects
47. A systematic literature review is:
One which generates a literature review using a treasure hunt system.
A replicable, scientific, and transparent process
one which gives equal attention to the principal contributors to the area.
a manufactured system for generating literature reviews tailored to your subject.
48. Which of the follow is a benefit of a systematic review?
It reduces researcher bias and demands the researcher is comprehensive of their approach
It is really quick to complete.
It is cost effective as an approach.
It provides internal validity to the study.
49. What is a limitation of systematic review?
It is too hard to do.
The research cannot be defined into the impact of a single variable
They are particularly complicated.
The researcher community finds them complex.
50. What is distinctive about a narrative literature review?
It is a review based exclusively on stories about companies, in book and case-study form.
It is an historically-based review, starting with the earliest contributions to the field.
It is a paraphrase style of reviewing which does not require referencing.
It serves as a means of gaining an initial impression of a topic, which you will understand more fully as you conduct your research
51. When accessing the internet, which of these steps is the most essential?
Recording the full URL
Noting the access dates
Downloading material to be referenced
They are all equally important
52. What does an empiricist believe?
We should not apply natural science methods to social science research
It is the sociologist's aim to understand the meaning of social action
Knowledge, in the form of 'facts', should be gained through sensory experience
Research conducted within the British empire was biased and unreliable
53. An inductive theory is one that:
Involves testing an explicitly defined hypothesis
Does not allow for findings to feed back into the stock of knowledge
Uses quantitative methods whenever possible
Allows theory to emerge out of the data
54. An important practical issue to consider when designing a research project is:
Which theoretical perspective you find most interesting
Whether or not you have time to retile the bathroom first
How much time and money you have to conduct the research
Which color of ring binder to present your work in
55. Which of the following requirements for a dissertation may depend on your institution?
Whether an abstract should be included
The format for referencing
The word limit
All of the above
56. The role of a project supervisor is to:
Make sure you keep to your schedule and deadlines
Provide intellectual support, guidance and critical feedback
Negotiate access to the research setting on the student's behalf
Give you a reading list
57. You can manage your time and resources best, by:
Working out a timetable
Finding out what resources are readily available to you
Calculating a budget for likely expenditure
All of the above are corrects
58. How can you tell if your research questions are really good?
If they guide your literature search
If they are linked together to help you construct a coherent argument
If they force you to narrow the scope of your research
All of the above
59. Which of the following should be included in a research proposal?
Your academic status and experience
The difficulties you encountered with your previous reading on the topic
Your choice of research methods and reasons for choosing them
All of the above
60. Which of the following should you think about when preparing your research?
Your sample frame and sampling strategy
The ethical issues that might arise
Negotiating access to the setting
All of the above
61. Why is it helpful to keep a research diary or log book while you are conducting your project?
To give you something to do in the early stages of your research when nothing is happening
Because funding councils general demand to see written evidence, you were working every day during the period of the research
To keep a record of what you did and what happened throughout the research process
It can be added to your dissertation to ensure that you reach the required word limit
62. What can you do to ensure your physical safety during your research?
Be alert to the possibility of exposure to danger
Avoid interviewing alone in the respondent's residence
Make sure someone knows where you are and how you can contact them in an emergency
All of the above
63. What practical steps can you take before you actually start your research?
Find out exactly what your institution's requirements are for a dissertation
Make sure you are familiar with the hardware and software you plan to use
Apply for clearance of your project through an ethics committee
All of the above
64. To read critically means:
Taking an opposing point of view to the ideas and opinions expressed
Skimming through the material because most of it is just padding
Evaluating what you read in terms of your own research questions
Being negative about something before you read it
65. Which two of the following are legitimate frameworks for setting out a literature review:
Constructing intertextual coherence, Deconstruction of textual coherence
Deconstruction of textual coherence,
Deconstruction of textual coherence Problematizing the situation,
Constructing intertextual coherence, Problematizing the situation
66. A systematic literature review is:
One which starts in your own library, then goes to on-line databases and, finally, to the internet
A replicable, scientific and transparent process
One which gives equal attention to the principal contributors to the area
A responsible, professional process of time-management for research
Plagiarism is such an awful crime that those found guilty should be obliged to wear a scarlet "P" on their clothing.
67. Which of the following is a form of harm that might be suffered by research participants?
Physical injury
Stress and anxiety
Impaired development
All are corrects
68. Why is it important that personal data about research participants are kept within secure, confidential records?
So that the participants cannot find out what has been written about them
In case individuals, places or organizations can be harmed through identification or disclosure of personal information
So that government officials, teachers and other people in authority can have easy access to the data
To enable the researcher to track down individuals and find out more about their lives
69. Why is it "easier said than done" to ensure that the principle of informed consent is adhered to?
It is not practicable to present every participant with all the information about the study
Sometimes it is desirable to withhold certain pieces of information, such as the length of time an interview will take
If the participants knew exactly what the researcher was intending to study, they might change their behaviour
All are corrects
70. An operational definition is:
One that bears no relation to the underlying concept
An abstract, theoretical definition of a concept
A definition of a concept in terms of specific, empirical measures
One that refers to opera singers and their work
71. The term 'reverse operationism' means that:
The theories we devise will often hinder our attempts to measure concepts
The measurements we devise can sometimes help to develop a theory
Techniques such as factor analysis have no place in social research
Driving instructors always make you practice the most difficult manoeuvre
72. Closed ended questions are those that:
Have a fixed range of possible answers
Prevent respondents from allocating themselves to a category
Encourage detailed, elaborate responses
Relate to the basic demographic characteristics of respondents
73. Which of the following is not advised when planning the question order of a structured interview?
Be wary of asking an earlier question that alters the salience of later questions
Expect some variation in the order in which questions are asked
Leave questions about sensitive or embarrassing issues until later in the interview
Group the questions into logically organised sections
74. Which of the following statements is correct?
Self-completion questionnaires are a type of postal survey
Postal surveys can include self-completion or email surveys
Self-completion questionnaires can include postal or email surveys
Email surveys are a type of postal questionnaire
75. One of the advantages of self-completion questionnaires over structured interviews is that:
They are quicker and cheaper to administer
They create interviewer effects
They have greater measurement validity
They are less prone to inter-coder variation
76. An open question is one that:
Allows respondents to answer in their own terms
Does not suggest or provide a limited range of responses
Can help to generate answers for closed questions
All of the above
77. Which of the following is a general rule of thumb for designing questions?
Always bear in mind your research questions
Never ask a closed question
Always use vignettes rather than open questions
Use ambiguous terms to put respondents at ease
78. A critical review aims to:
Summarise information on a topic from all relevant literature to inform practice
Identify strengths and limitations to make conclusions about quality of the evidence
Identify weaknesses in research studies to make judgements about their suitability
Describe the methods used to gain evidence in the research studies
79. In deciding which literature to include in a critical review you would include all except:
Journal articles that report on the relationship between variables
Published abstracts of research conference papers
Articles that discuss theories or concepts and their application to practice
Published studies that used qualitative methodology
80. In critically reviewing a report of a quantitative study the area of the report you would focus on to appraise credibility is the:
Introduction
Methodology
Ethical issues
Report of the analysis
81. Constraints or problems in a study are known as:
Assumptions
Generalisations
Concepts
Limitations
82. The section/sentence that includes the aim or purpose of the study is found in the:
Literature review
Methodology
Introduction
Theoretical framework
83. When evaluating the research study results you would consider all of the following as important except:
The author's qualifications and experience
The design and methodology for the study
The significance of the findings for dentist practice
The discussion of results and recommendations for practice
84. In critiquing a qualitative research report you would expect to find information that would assist you in assessing the credibility of the study in the:
Literature review
Discussion of analysis of the data
Methodology
Philosophical integration
85. The final paper of a critical review of literature contains:
A summary of each author's work you have read
A description of the findings in each piece of research
A synthesis of the analysis of the information in the reviewed papers
Your analysis of each piece of literature
86. A good qualitative problem statement:
Defines the independent and dependent variables
Conveys a sense of emerging design
Specifies a research hypothesis to be tested
Specifies the relationship between variables that the researcher expects to find
87. The “tool” function of theory is to:
Summarize existing knowledge
Summarize existing hypotheses
Suggest new relationships and make new predictions
Suggest new theories
88. The statement of purpose in a research study should:
Identify the design of the study
Identify the intent or objective of the study
Specify the type of people to be used in the study
Describe the study
89. A qualitative research question:
Asks a question about some process, or phenomenon to be explored
Is generally an open-ended question
Asks a question about some process, or phenomenon to be explored and is generally an open-ended question
None of the above
90. According to the text, which of the following orders is the recommended in the flowchart of the development of a research idea?
Research topic, research problem, research purpose, research question, hypothesis
Research purpose, research problem and hypothesis
Research topic, research purpose, research question,
Research topic, hypothesis, research question
91. One step that is not included in planning a research study is:
Identifying a researchable problem
Developing a research plan
Statement of the research question
Conducting a meta-analysis of the research
92. Sources of researchable problems can include:
Researchers’ own experiences as educators
Practical issues that require solutions
Theory and past research
All of the above
93. Which of the following is a function of theory?
Integrating and summarizing current knowledge
Making predictions
Explaining phenomena
All of the above are corrects
94. A review of the literature prior to formulating research questions allows the researcher to do which of the following?
To become familiar with prior research on the phenomenon of interest
To identify potential methodological problems in the research area
To develop a list of pertinent problems relative to the phenomenon of interest
All of the above
95. What kind of ideas can’t be empirically researched?
Effectiveness of different methods of instruction
Description of educational practices
Issues of values and morality such as the correctness of having prayer in schools
Factors helpful in predicting future drug use
96. Computer database searches can be done:
With a computer with CD-ROM drive
At the library
Online
All of the above
97. The feasibility of a research study should be considered in light of:
Cost and time required to conduct the study
Skills required of the researcher
Potential ethical concerns
All of the above
98. A formal statement of the research question or “purpose of research study” generally:
Is made prior to the literature review
Is made after the literature review
Is made after the literature review and Will help guide the research process
All of the above
99. A statement of the quantitative research question should:
Extend the statement of purpose by specifying exactly the question(s) the researcher will address
Help the research in selecting appropriate participants, research methods, measures, and materials
Specify the variables of interest
All of the above
100. The research participants are described in detail in which section of the research plan?
Introduction
Method
Data analysis
Discussion
101. Research hypotheses are:
Formulated prior to a review of the literature
Statements of predicted relationships between variables
Stated such that they can be confirmed or refuted
Statements of predicted relationships between variables and Stated such that they can be confirmed or refuted
102. A research plan:
Should be detailed
Should be given to others for review and comments
Sets out the rationale for a research study
All of the above
103. The Method section of the research plan typically specifies
The research participants
The apparatus, instruments, and materials for the research study
The planned research procedures
All are corrects
104. The Introduction section of the research plan
Gives an overview of prior relevant studies
Contains a statement of the purpose of the study
Concludes with a statement of the research questions and, for quantitative research, it includes the research hypothesis
All of the above are corrects
105. According to your text, which of the following is not a source of research ideas?
Everyday life
Practical issues
Past research
Theory
All are corrects
106. What do you need to be able to provide in order for your research to pass the so what? test?
Reasons why the research is important
Implications of answering the research question
Proof that no-one has ever conducted a similar study
Reasons why the research is important and Implications of answering the research question
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