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A detailed infographic showing the structure of the HIV virus, highlighting its proteins and how it affects the immune system, in a scientific and educational style.

HIV Knowledge Quiz

Test your knowledge about HIV and its complexities with this comprehensive quiz designed for medical enthusiasts and healthcare professionals alike. Dive into questions covering the virus's biology, transmission, and treatment mechanisms.

Key Features:

Learn about HIV's replication and immune response.
Understanding ART and its significance in treating HIV.
Explore the connection between HIV and opportunistic infections.

156 Questions39 MinutesCreated by LearningVirus42

Which virus was an endemic in west africa with mild symptoms of AIDS?

HTLV-3

HIV-2

HIV-1

HTLV-1

Which cell does not get attacked and targeted by retrovirus ?

Nerve ganglia

Monocyte

CD-4 T-lymphocye

Langerhans

Macrophages

which of the following proteins on HIV is important for budding of the virus ?

P24

P17

Gp120

"RNA-protein complex" in HIV is enclosed by a capsid called :

P24

P17

ART (anti-retroviral therapy) targets all of these enzymes except:

Phospholipase

Integrase

Prostease

Reverse transcriptase

The role of gp120 in HIV replication:

Transport of RNA into host

Fusion of viral envelope to host's membrane

Adsorption of virus to host membrane

TRUE OR FALSE about HIV replication (adsorption- fusion - partial uncoating- viral transcription into linear ds-DNA - circular ds-DNA - pre integration complex- transported to nucleus and insertion -viral genome becomes "provirus" transcribed by host polymerase II into m-RNA - polyprotien - protease breaks it down to viral structural protiens- assembely - exit by buddyin - havign a lipid bilayer

True

False

Products of (env gene):

SU & TM

All are correctly matched except:

Tat -- transcriptional activatior

Vif -- decreases viral infectivity in certain cells

Rev -- promtes transportation of unspliced m-RNA to cytoplasm

Nef -- down regulation of CD4+ and MHC I proteins & LATENCY

Vpu -- facilitates assembly and release HIV-2

The variation in HIV and the difficulty to make a vaccine is due to all except?

Due to vif protein

High error-prone reverse transcriptase

Variability in attachment protiens

Gp120 antigens variability

True or false-- the HIV continues to replicate even during the latent phase?

True

False

HIV is more common in homosexuals due to the fragility of rectal mucosa compared to the elastic vaginal mucosa (in normal intercourse):

True

False

The percentage of HCW with accidental neeedle transmision of HIV?

Less than 1%

More than 1%

Risk of perinatal transmission of HIV without ART?

5-10%

50-60%

15-40%

Window period of HIV?

False positive result due to Ab's

False negative result due to Ab's

False negative result due to abscence of Ab's

How to quantify "viral load" ?

Pap smear

CT- sacn

Blood culture

PCR

RT-PCR

What is true about HAART ?

Slows down the progression without reduction of risk of transmission

Slows down the progression with reduction of risk of transmission

Doesn't slow down the progression but reduces the risk of transmission

What do we mean when we say a patient is an AIDS patient?

Negative HIV abs CD >200

Negative HIV abs CD >500

Positive HIV abs CD <200

Positive HIV abs CD <500

This a typical immune response to HIV, what is true about viremia?

Viremia increases in the chronic phase and drops at the end of it

Viremia increases in the acute phase and drops at the end of it

Death of CD4+ cells in the HIV immune respone is due to:

Lysis from viral replication

Death by CTL respone of immunity

Both

When do Ab's START to appear ?

At the beginning of acute phase

End of acute phase

1-10 years of infection

All are true about latent asymptomatic stage of HIV except?

Starts from 2 months - 1 year after infection

Fast depletion of CD4

Lasts from 8 months to 10 years

Stable viremia

FIRST cell to be infected in HIV?

NK cells

CD8+ cells

Liver cells

Vaginal langerhans

Reservoir of HIV in LATENCY ?

GALT

Macrophages

All

Neurological symptoms of HIV such as loss of cognitive process typically STARTS to occurs at ancell count?

Less than 500

Less than 200

Less than 150

There is LATE polyclonal B cell activation spawned by infection in HIV?

True

False

Positive Ab's in phase II of HIV?

True

False

Opportunistic infection of mycobacterium tuberculosis happens at a cell count:

Less than 500

Less than 200

Opportunistic infection of mycobacterium avium & CMV happens at a cell count:

50-100

Less than 500

FIRST test applied to test HIV?

PCR

P24 Ag & anti- p24 Ab

Westren immunoblotting

ELISA

ROUTINELY confirmation (to make sure) of HIV:

PCR

EIA

Western immunoblotting

BEST test in window period?

RT-PCR

P24 Ag & anti- p24 Ab

Which drug for HIV inhibits reverse trancsrpitase?

Nelfanivir

RAL

Maraviroc

Didanosine

Which drug for HIV inhibits integrase?

Enfuvirtide

Stavudine

Raltegravir

All of the following are preventive action against HIV except?

Redeacuse sexual promiscity

Control drug abuse

Male circumcision

Wearing a mask (im out of options)

HAART is given with chemoprophylaxis aganist opportunistic infections in HIV?

True

False

What virus has creeping motion ?

Retrovirus

Herpesviridae

Lice

Which of the following is matched incorrectly :

Alpha -- HSV & VZV

Beta -- CMV, HHV6 HHV7

Gamma -- EBV & HSV1

Where does HSV1, HSV2 resides respectively ?

Vagal,trigeminal,inferior cervical root ganglia / sacral, dorsal root nerve ganglia

sacral, dorsal root nerve ganglia/ vagal,trigeminal, superior cervical root ganglia

Vagal,trigeminal, superior cervical root ganglia/sacral, dorsal root nerve ganglia

Kissing disease ?

CMV

HHV4 (EBV)

Reseola

Pateints with kaposi sarcoma have AIDS until proven otherwise:

True

False

HHV5 latent infection site ?

Nerve ganglia

B- lymphocyte

Monocyte & neutrophils

CD4+

All are transmitted through respiratory route except ?

HHV3

HHV6

HHV5

What is the tegument ?

Viral matrix with replication enzymes

Nuclear capsid with genetic material

TRUE OR FALSE about herpersvidea replication (adsorption- penetration & uncoating - phase I - phase II - phase III - assembly - exit by budding -travels to rER & Golgi to be expelled

True (you will pick true anws but this is to remind you)

False

Adsorption of HHV happens through binding of GP with ?

CD4

CCR5

CXCR4

Heparin sulfate

All are matched correctly except:

Phase I -- first set of proteins

Phase I -- alpha protiens

Phase III -- late set of protiens

Late proteins: viral capsid, tegument protiens & envelpoe GP

Phase II -- early set

Beta proteins: DNA binding protiens, viral DNA polmerase & thymidine kinase

Gamma proteins are early set

Death of host cell after expulsion of HHV is due to:

Beta herpesvirus complez

Alpha herpervirus comples

Alpha & gamma herperviruscomples

Antivirals ( acyclovir & gancilovir) :

Inhobits thymidine kinase

Inhibits protease

Has effect in late stage

Late stage of HSV lacks which protiens

Alpha protiens

Gamma protiens

Beta proteins

Sexual promiscuity is known risk factor for contracting MOSTLY:

EBV

HSV1

HSV2

HSV1 seropositive percentage in adult:

30%

90%

60%

HVS2 affects areas

Below waist

Above waist

Histological findings in herpes all are true excpet:

Focal necrosis

Cellular ballooning

PMN's

Monocytes

Mutlinucleated giant cells

Adipose deposit

Intitial symptomatic stage of herpes is less severe than the recurrent

True

False

ADCC role in herpes one is false:

Important in eradicating the virus in early stages

Important in limiting its early spreas

Desrtoys NK cells

MOST common -initial-manifestation in children with HSV1:

Encephalitis

Gingivitostomatitis

Blindness

What is hepatic whitlow:

Pain in the liver

Ulcers on the eyelid

Painful lesion on fingers

Late complication of using steroid with HSV1:

Gingivitis

Eye scaring

Blindness

All might occur in pts with HSV1 especially in children except

Encephlitis

Keratoconjunctivitis

Gingivostomatitis

Gential ulcers

Primary incubation period of HSV2 :

10 days

1 week

2-3 days

5 days

The appearance of genital ulcers caused by HSV2:

Solitary unilateral

Multiple bilateral

HSV2 may infect a child in utero ?

False

True

Percentage of neonatal death due to necrosis of supra renal glands & liver from an infected mom with HSV2 is:

90%

10%

60%

How to prevent the child from getting infected from vaginal secretions with HSV2 during birth:

Abortion (no need for a child )

Cesarean section

Drugs

Reliable diagnostic tests for HSV, all are true except:

Tzank test

Pap smear + giemsa stain

ELISA

Immunofluresecne

PCR

Serology

Drug of choice of HSV:

Foscarent

Valacyclovir

Penciclovir

Acyclovir

Drug of choice for HSV but acyclovir -resistant ?

Penciclovir

Valacyclovir

Foscarent

HSV vaccine (it is not effectivet tho)

Glycoprotien D

MMR

IPV

Tdap

The most common viral STD:

HPV

Hepatitis B

HIV

Oropharyngeal carcinoma is:

10 times more common in female

4 times more common in men

3 times more common in men

HPV genotypes that cause dysplastic genitasl warts:

HPV 16

HPV 6, 11

HPV 56

Highest malignant poteintal:

HPV 11

HPV 6

HPV16

HPV infects which type of cells/tissue:

Connective tissue in GIT

Smooth muscles of perineum

Sqaumous- columnar epithelial junction in cervix

Harald Zur Hausen found that ___ HPV DNA was found in cervical cancer cases:

30%

65%

95%

10%

What causes condyloma accuminata (cauliflower-like):

HSV

HIV

HPV 16

HPV 11 , 6

Respiratory papillimtosis occur as a result of:

Pnemonia

T. pneomnia

HPV 16

HPV 6,11

HPV can be cultured in tissues and antibody tests:

True

False

What is the pathognomonic of HPV when done Pap smear:

Necrosis

Amyloid deposits

Koilocytosis

Good treatment methods for HPV are, except:

Freezing with nitorgen

Laser

Chemotherapy

Conization

Loop electrosurgical procedure

Radiation

Topical 5-fluorouracil

Incorrect vaccines matching:

Cervarix -- HPV 6, 18

Quadrivalent Gardasil -- HPV 6 , 11, 16 , 18

Ninevalent Gardasil --- 6, 11, 16, 18 , 31, 33, 45, 52, 58

Largest family of viruses:

Retrovirus

Poxivirdiae

Herpesviridae

Molluscum contagiosum, what kind on nodules & histologic appearance it does NOT form:

Yellowish - painless , firm nodules

Flesh colored (Red)

Cheesy painless nodules

umbilicated pearl like nodules

Eosinophilic material (molluscum bodies)

Best treatment of MCV :

Radiology

Freezing nitogen

Scarping of the pustules

Dimorphic cycle of chlamydia: (2 answers)

Psammoma bodies

Elementary bodies

Reticulate bodies

Brownish bodies

Patient had tiawan acute respiraroty agent, it is mostly by:

Chlamydia pneumoniae

NGU

Candidia

A-C serotypes cause which of the following complications:

Inclusion conjunctivitis

Trachoma (conjunctivitis)

Opthalmia nenonatorum

What MO is responsible for 50% of non- specific urethritis in MALES:

Mycoplasm

Gonorrheal infection

Chlamydia sterotype L1-L3

Chlamydia sterotype D-K

L1-L3 sterotype of chlamydia cause :

Epididymitis

Reiters syndrome

Neonatal atypical pneumonia

Lymphogranuloma venureum

What is the GOLD standard test for STD ( child abuse/ sexual assult) :

PCR

DFA

Tzanck test

McCoy cell culture

ELISA

BEST test (100%sensitivity and specificity) to detect chlamydia is:

McCoy culture

Pap smear

PCR

A male presented with small painless penile ulcer, when the doctor made a McCoy culture found that he has LGV - chlamydia positive, if not treated he will have complication. All are true excpet:

Painful inguinal/ femoral lymphadenopathy

Abscess formation in LN

Fluctant buboes

Sinus formation

Proctitis in homosexual

Adenocarcinoma

Frei - test, a skin test by the German dermatoligist -- Wilhelm Siegmund -- used to test to LGV . Not used anymore?

True

False

Treatment of chlamydia ?

Acyclovir

Mestronl

Retrodrine

Doxycycline for 3 weeks

Azithromycin for 2-5 days

What MO is resistant to lysozomes & CW synthesis inhibitors:

Chlamydia

Mycoplasm

BEST primary isolated media for mycoplasm: (both are correct)

Animal blood serum with sterol

Strict anaerobic atompsphere

Which MO has a " Fried - egg appearance" on agar:

Salmonella

Mycoplasm

What is the most common cause of atypical (walking) pnemonia?

TWAR

Mycoplasm pnemoniae

BETTER drugs given for children& pregnant with mycoplasm all trues except:

Doxycycline

Erythromycin

Clarithromycin

Azithromycins

What do we add in mycoplams broth for further specimen culture ? ( 3 weeks- 37 c)

Penicilin

Glucose

Phenol

All

Infection with "mycoplasm hominis "during pregnancy can cause:

Ectopic pregnancy

Premature delivery

Miscarriage

Fever in newborns

All are correct

Infection with "ureaplasma urealyticum "during pregnancy can cause:

Low birth weight

Pnemonia

Septicemia

All

Infection with "ureaplasma urealyticum "in immunodeficiency can cause:

Suppurtive arthritis

Subcutaneous abscess

Persistent urethritis

Chronic cystitis

All

Difference in purulent urtheral discharge between gonnocooci and NGU ?

Thinner and less mucoid in NGU

Thicker and more mucoid in NGU

Thinner and more mucoid in NGU

All are possible causes of non-gonnococcal urethritits except:

C. trachomatis

U. urealytcium

Trichomnas vaginalis

Coliforms

Yest

GBS

All true

An example of a clinical presentation of a female with NGU -- acute urethral syndrom (cyctitis) + low number of bacteria.

True

Fales

Smears of specimens for NGU are:

Negative on gram stain

Positive on gram stain

BEST & FASTEST technique for NGU diagnosis is:

Sawbs for antigen detection

ELISA

DNA probe & PCR

McCoy culture

Pelvic inflammatory disease affects:

1 in 100 sexually active female

1 in 50 sexually active males

1 in 50 sexually active female

Possible causes of PID:

STI's

IUCDs

Post partum infection

Normal vaginal flora in immunecompromised

Multiple pregnancy

Symptoms of PID, true excpet:

Fever

Cervical motion tenderness

Lower abdominal pain

Back pain

Dysparenia

Vaginal dischrge or bleeding

Large mass

Painless, fleshy highly vascularized rolled edges small ulcer with granulation and oozing + with no inguinal LAP is a clinical feature for:

Chancroid

Candidia

Trichomans vaginalis

Lice

Donovanosis (granuloma inguinale)

How to confirm the granuloma inguinale diagnosis:

Pap smear

Biopsy ( donovan bodies in macrophages)

CT scan

What MO causes chancroid (soft sore):

Klebsiella

Chlamydia

Candida

Hemophilus ducreyi

"Shoals of fish "appearance seen in:

Protozoa

Carninoma

Chancroid

Myiasis

Soft chancre requires which of the following for grwoth ?

Sterol

Hemin GF-x

Glucose

Type of hemophilus ducreyi culture ?

Sabouraud dextrose

Anaerobic culture

Blood agar

Defibrinated rabbit blood

Chancroid clinical feature : (very important)

Painful non- indurated ragged- edges ulcer

yellow exudate

Painful inguinal lymphadenopathy ( present LAP)

Absecess formation

All.

Fungal media for candidia :

Sabouraud dextrose

Animal blood agar

Defibrinated rabbit blood

Difference effect of candidia in immunocompetent vs compromised, chose the incorrect match?

Competent: oropharyngeal, moniliasis & vulvu-vaginitis

Compromised: esophigitis, septicemia, liver abscess

Competent: oropharyngeal, moniliasis &pnemonia

All are most common predisposing factors for candida excpet:

HIV

Chemotherapy

Steroids

Cardiac surgery

Obesity

Drug of choice for systemic candidasis ?

Local imidazole & miconazole

Clotrimazole

Fluconazole & itraconazole

Respectively, choose the correct answer about the 1st, 2nd & 3rd most common cause of vuvlvo- vaginitis ?

Trichomonas - bacterial vaginosis - candidia

Candida- trichomonas - bacterial vaginosis

Candida- bacterial vaginosis - trichomonas

True about trichomonas vaginalis:

Non motile flagellate

Vaginal arthropod

No cysts stage

Oval in shape

Thin foul- smelling yellow DC, is a clinical charactiristic for:

Donovonosis

Trichomoniasis

Bacterial vaginosis

Trichomonoiasis might be ass. with:

Pronlonged post partum fever & endometriosis

Premature rupture of membranes

Both

Culturing trichomonoasisi ?

Sabouraud dextrose

Blood culture

Liquid diamonds medium TYM

DOC for trichomonasis is:

Itraconzaloe

Imidazole

Amphetamine

Metronidazole

What is false about gardnerella vaginalis?

Yellow-grey, watery, non-inflammatory discharge no WBCs

Non-motile

Fishy-like smell = malodorous

PH => 4.5

Spore forming

Whiff test clinical test done by?

Smell is intensified by 20% KOH

Smell is decreeased by 10% MgOH

Smell is intensified by 10% KOH

Histological appearance in gardnerella vaginalis when doing " wet mount slide + gram stain"?

Psammoma bodies

Small blue cells

Clue cells

Mitotic bodies

DOC for gardnerella vaginalis? (IMOPRTANT)

Metronidazole for the pts only

Metronidazole for both partners

Fluconazole

Fluconazole for both partners

EGGS of myiasis invade orifices such as genitourinary tract to cause vulvar myiasis?

False

True

False about phthiraptera ( lice)

Wingless

Flat bodies

Very long legs

False about the cycle of lice?

Egg - nymph - larvea - adult

Egg - nymph - adult

Egg - wingless immature insect- adult

Treatment of lice?

Shaving

Personal hygiene

Carbaryl mutagenic

Malathion neurotoxic

Permethrin

All are true

Stages of sarcoptes scabiei ?

Egg- nymph - adult

Egg- larvae- nymph - adult

Egg- nymph - larvae - adult

Transmission of mite throught ?

Flying

Jumping

Crawling

Sites where mite like to stay all are true excpet

Fingers

Wrist

Breast

Armpit

Buttocks

Genitals

Mouth

Appearance of mite ?

Ulcers with pus

Mass

Hemorrage

Pimple rash

What is the MOST common complication of mite?

Scabies burrows

Impetgio

Psorasis

Norwegian scabies found in ?

Old

Disabled

Dementia

Ass. With psoriasis

Norwegian people :P

Dwon syndrome

Organ transplant

SLE

Features of the treatment of scabeis ?

Administered up to 3 days

Local malathoin

Permthrin cream

Apply on entire body

8-14 hours stays

Antihistamines to control itching

Ivermectin -- for norwegian scabeis

All are true

Axial filament is characteristic of which microorganism?

Treponema palleduim

Gonorreha

Myasis

A female patient came to the clinic suffering from the following symptoms : grayish vaginal,discharge with fishy order , itchiness in vagina , painful sensation during intercourse What is the suspected etiological agent :

Bacterial vaginlosis

Donovoanosis

Gardnerlla Vaginalis

Which of the following isn’t a bacterial sexually transmitted disease

Chlamydia

Molluscum Contagiosum (MCV)

Mycoplasm

The Tzanck test is NOT used on which of the following viruses ( idk why)

HHV8

HHV1

Latency of CMV virus is in?

Monocytes

Nerve ganglia

Plasma cells

Virus capsid antigen ,early antigen and nuclear antigens are used for specific identification :

CMV

EBV

HSP

What features of Candidia albicans facilitates its infection& invading: (not sure)

Pseudo hyphae

Biofilm formation

Nits is always associated with infection with ?

Musca domestica

Phthirus pubis

Yeast vaginitis

All of the following are true about Chlamydia except ?

It is macrolide sensitive

It is an obligate intracellular microorganism

It has no cell wall

Which of the following is matched to its test?

Gonorrhea – Serology

Trichomonas --- TYM

LGV --- Whiff test

Which of the following describes the genital warts caused by Human Papilloma Virus?

It is associated with a red-erythematous base

It progresses into ulcer

It has a soft, fleshy cauliflower appearance

Regarding HPV, all are correct except?

It's an RNA virus

Infects squamous columnar epithelium

All of the following are risk factor of HPV except:

Ciggarette smoking

Multiple partner

Early intercourse

Low social economic status

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