Chapter 9

Synovial fluid

Lubricates diarthrotic joints

Helps absorb mechanical shocks

Bring nutrients and O2 to cartilage in diarthrosis

Removes wastes and CO2 from cartilages in diarthroses

All of the above are correct

Some synovial joints are strengthened by joints that lie outside the articular capsule or outside the articular capsule or outside of folds of synovial membranes. Such ligaments are called

Mensici

Are pads of hyaline cartilage

Help bones fit together more closely

Help decrease the stability of a joint

Block the flow of synovial fluid within a joint

All of the following are correct

Bursae

Are fat-filled sacs

Are integral parts of the articular capsule

Are never observed between ligaments and bones

Help reduce friction between moving parts

Are associated with synarthorsis

Tendon sheaths

Help reduce friction between moving parts

Are tube-like bursae

Are associated with the wrist, ankle, fingers, and toes

A and b are correct

A, b, and c are correct

Which of the following is not one of the four main types of movement occurring at synovial joints?

Which of the following is true of gliding movements?

They occur at the metacarpal:phalangeal joints

There is no significant alteration of the angle between the bones involved

One bone involved has a rounded process that fits into a fossa on the other bone

A and b are correct

A, b, c are correct

Rotation

Refers to movement of a bone around its own longitudinal axis

Is further described by determining whether the anterior surface of a bone moves toward or away from the midline

Occurs at the atlanto-occipital joint

A and b are correct

A, b, and c are correct

When the elbow is flexed and the palm is turn superiorly so that it could hold a cup of soup, it is said to be

Which of the following is true of vertebrocostal joints?

They are synovial joints

They occur between the costal heads and the facets of bodies of adjacent vertebrae

They occur between the costal tubercles and the facets of vertebral transverse processes

They are gliding joints

All of the above are correct

The acromioclavicular joint

Is part of the pelvic girdle

Allows gliding and some rotation

Is considered a synovial joint by function

Includes the anterior end of the first rib

Is considered a diarthrosis joint by structure

The radioulnar joint

Occurs at the distal ends of the ulna and radius

Is considered a synovial joint by structure

Is considered an amphiarthrotic joint by function

Allows pronation and supination

Allows a wide range of motions

A point of contact between two bones, bone and cartilage, or bone and teeth is called a(n)

Structural classification of a joint is based on

The amount of space between the bones and the presence (or absence) of a synovial cavity

The type of connective tissue found that links the bones together

The amount of movement allowed at the joint

A and b are correct

A, b, and c are correct

A student examining a joint observes collagen-rich connective tissue fibers linking the bones, but finds no synovial cavity. Which structural classification fits the observed joint?

Which of the following is a functional classification of joints and applies to joints that allow a wide range of motion?

Consider the anatomy of the pubic bones. They are joined by cartilage and allow limited movement. Their junction is classified as a(n):

Sutures

Are found in the skull and the acetabulum

Consist of a thick layer of loose connective tissue

Are classified as diarthroses

Have interlocking edges that reduce the likelihood of a fracture

That are replaced by bone are called gomphoses

Which of the following is true of syndesmosis?

A syndesmosis allows considerable movement

A syndesmosis links bones together with cartilage

A syndesmosis has more fibrous tissue than a suture

A syndesmosis joins bones that are closer together than those of a suture

A syndesmosis is found between the radius and the humerus

How is a cartilaginous joint like a fibrous joint?

It has no synovial cavity

It permits little to no movement

It is composed of fibrous or hyaline cartilage

A and b are correct

A, b, and c are correct

A synchondrosis

Which of the following is not true of symphyses?

They consist of one kind of cartilage

They are found only along the midline of the body

They are found between the vertebrae

They are found between the manubrium and the body of the sternum

They are found between the pubic bones

All synovial joints

The outer fibrous layer of the articular capsule

Allows a wide range of motion at a joint

Facilitates the dislocation of bones

Attaches to the endosteum of bones

A and b are correct

A, b, and c are correct

The synovial membrane

Is the inner layer of the articular capsule

Consists of columnar epithelial cells

Makes mucous to lubricate joints

Includes accumulations of dense connective tissue

All of the above are correct

The radiocarpal joint

Occurs between the distal end of the radius and the scaphoid, lunate, and triquetrum

Is a hinge joint

Is considered synostosis by structure

Is considered fibrous joint by structure by function

Allows the inversion and eversion

The shoulder joint

Is the articulation of the head of the humerus with the glenoid fossa of the scapula

Has greater stability than the hip joint

Has less range of motion than the hip joint

Is considered a cartilaginous joint structurally

Is considered an amphiarthrosis functionally

Which of the following is true of the elbow joint?

It is a pivot joint

It has no articular capsule

It consists of the radial, the humeral trochlea and the ulnar trochlear notch

It allows abduction and adduction

It is considered a synarthroses functionally

The hip joint

Is a ball-and socket (spheroidal), amphiarthrotic joint

Allows the same types of motion but not the same ranges of motion as the shoulder joint

Occurs between the head of the humerus and the acetabulum

A and b are correct

A, b, and c are correct

The knee joint

Is the least complex joint in the body

Consists of a planar and two modified pivot joints

Is stabilized by the collateral and cruciate ligaments as well as the menisci

Allows pronation and supination

Includes the patella, but exceeds the tibia and femur

Synovial fluid

Brings oxygen and nutrients cartilage for diarthrotic joints

Helps absorbs mechanical shocks

Lubricates joints

A and b are correct

A, b, and c are correct

Mensici

Are pads of fibrocartilage

Helps bones fit together more closely

Help decrease the stability of the joint

A and b are correct

A, b, and c are correct

The knee joint

Is the most complex joint in the body

Consists of a planar and two modified pivot joints

Is stabilized by the collateral and cruciate ligaments as well as the menisci

A and b are correct

A and c are correct

Structural class of joints; includes joints linked together by fibrocartilage or hyaline cartilage

Functional class of joints; includes joints that are only slightly movable

Bundles of dense connective tissue; help link bones together and stabilize joint while movement occurs

Cover ends of synarthrotic bones; reduces friction and absorbs mechanical shocks

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