Chapter 9
Synovial fluid
Lubricates diarthrotic joints
Helps absorb mechanical shocks
Bring nutrients and O2 to cartilage in diarthrosis
Removes wastes and CO2 from cartilages in diarthroses
All of the above are correct
Some synovial joints are strengthened by joints that lie outside the articular capsule or outside the articular capsule or outside of folds of synovial membranes. Such ligaments are called
Interosseus membranes
Interosseus ligaments
Extracapsular ligaments
Intracapsular ligaments
Bursae
Mensici
Are pads of hyaline cartilage
Help bones fit together more closely
Help decrease the stability of a joint
Block the flow of synovial fluid within a joint
All of the following are correct
Bursae
Are fat-filled sacs
Are integral parts of the articular capsule
Are never observed between ligaments and bones
Help reduce friction between moving parts
Are associated with synarthorsis
Tendon sheaths
Help reduce friction between moving parts
Are tube-like bursae
Are associated with the wrist, ankle, fingers, and toes
A and b are correct
A, b, and c are correct
Which of the following is not one of the four main types of movement occurring at synovial joints?
Inversion
Gliding
Angular movements
Rotation
Special movement
Which of the following is true of gliding movements?
They occur at the metacarpal:phalangeal joints
There is no significant alteration of the angle between the bones involved
One bone involved has a rounded process that fits into a fossa on the other bone
A and b are correct
A, b, c are correct
Each of the following is classified as an angular movement except:
Flexion
Extension
Hyperextension
Rotation
Circumduction
A person tilting her head back so that she can up at the stars ____ her head on her neck.
Laterally flexes
Extends
Flexes
Adducts
Hyperextends
Rotation
Refers to movement of a bone around its own longitudinal axis
Is further described by determining whether the anterior surface of a bone moves toward or away from the midline
Occurs at the atlanto-occipital joint
A and b are correct
A, b, and c are correct
Which of the following is not classified as a special movement?
Lateral flexion
Inversion
Protraction
Opposition
Pronation
When the elbow is flexed and the palm is turn superiorly so that it could hold a cup of soup, it is said to be
Inverted
Pronated
Supinated
Opposed
Depressed
Which of the following is true of vertebrocostal joints?
They are synovial joints
They occur between the costal heads and the facets of bodies of adjacent vertebrae
They occur between the costal tubercles and the facets of vertebral transverse processes
They are gliding joints
All of the above are correct
The acromioclavicular joint
Is part of the pelvic girdle
Allows gliding and some rotation
Is considered a synovial joint by function
Includes the anterior end of the first rib
Is considered a diarthrosis joint by structure
The radioulnar joint
Occurs at the distal ends of the ulna and radius
Is considered a synovial joint by structure
Is considered an amphiarthrotic joint by function
Allows pronation and supination
Allows a wide range of motions
A point of contact between two bones, bone and cartilage, or bone and teeth is called a(n)
Joint
Articulation
Arthrosis
A and b are correct
A, b, and c are correct
Structural classification of a joint is based on
The amount of space between the bones and the presence (or absence) of a synovial cavity
The type of connective tissue found that links the bones together
The amount of movement allowed at the joint
A and b are correct
A, b, and c are correct
A student examining a joint observes collagen-rich connective tissue fibers linking the bones, but finds no synovial cavity. Which structural classification fits the observed joint?
Synovial
Cartilaginous
Fibrous
Diarthrosis
Amphiarthrosis
Which of the following is a functional classification of joints and applies to joints that allow a wide range of motion?
Amphiarthrosis
Diarthrosis
Synarthrosis
Fibrous
Cartilaginous
Consider the anatomy of the pubic bones. They are joined by cartilage and allow limited movement. Their junction is classified as a(n):
Amphiarthrosis
Cartilaginous joint
Synarthorsis
a and b are correct
A, b, c are correct
Which of the following is an example of synarthrosis
A suture in the skull
the vertebral column
The atlanto-occipital joint
The knee
The elbow
Sutures
Are found in the skull and the acetabulum
Consist of a thick layer of loose connective tissue
Are classified as diarthroses
Have interlocking edges that reduce the likelihood of a fracture
That are replaced by bone are called gomphoses
Which of the following is true of syndesmosis?
A syndesmosis allows considerable movement
A syndesmosis links bones together with cartilage
A syndesmosis has more fibrous tissue than a suture
A syndesmosis joins bones that are closer together than those of a suture
A syndesmosis is found between the radius and the humerus
Which type of joint is found between a tooth and the maxilla or mandible?
Gomphosis
Fibrous
Suture
Synostosis
Synovial
How is a cartilaginous joint like a fibrous joint?
It has no synovial cavity
It permits little to no movement
It is composed of fibrous or hyaline cartilage
A and b are correct
A, b, and c are correct
A synchondrosis
Is composed of hyaline cartilage
Is found in the epiphyseal plate
Ultimately becomes synostosis
A and b are correct
A, b, and c are correct
Which of the following is not true of symphyses?
They consist of one kind of cartilage
They are found only along the midline of the body
They are found between the vertebrae
They are found between the manubrium and the body of the sternum
They are found between the pubic bones
All synovial joints
Contain fibrocartilage
Are diarthroses
Lack a capsule around the bones
Are found in the axial skeleton
Are found in the appendicular skeleton
The outer fibrous layer of the articular capsule
Allows a wide range of motion at a joint
Facilitates the dislocation of bones
Attaches to the endosteum of bones
A and b are correct
A, b, and c are correct
The synovial membrane
Is the inner layer of the articular capsule
Consists of columnar epithelial cells
Makes mucous to lubricate joints
Includes accumulations of dense connective tissue
All of the above are correct
The radiocarpal joint
Occurs between the distal end of the radius and the scaphoid, lunate, and triquetrum
Is a hinge joint
Is considered synostosis by structure
Is considered fibrous joint by structure by function
Allows the inversion and eversion
The shoulder joint
Is the articulation of the head of the humerus with the glenoid fossa of the scapula
Has greater stability than the hip joint
Has less range of motion than the hip joint
Is considered a cartilaginous joint structurally
Is considered an amphiarthrosis functionally
Which of the following is true of the elbow joint?
It is a pivot joint
It has no articular capsule
It consists of the radial, the humeral trochlea and the ulnar trochlear notch
It allows abduction and adduction
It is considered a synarthroses functionally
The hip joint
Is a ball-and socket (spheroidal), amphiarthrotic joint
Allows the same types of motion but not the same ranges of motion as the shoulder joint
Occurs between the head of the humerus and the acetabulum
A and b are correct
A, b, and c are correct
The knee joint
Is the least complex joint in the body
Consists of a planar and two modified pivot joints
Is stabilized by the collateral and cruciate ligaments as well as the menisci
Allows pronation and supination
Includes the patella, but exceeds the tibia and femur
Synovial fluid
Brings oxygen and nutrients cartilage for diarthrotic joints
Helps absorbs mechanical shocks
Lubricates joints
A and b are correct
A, b, and c are correct
Mensici
Are pads of fibrocartilage
Helps bones fit together more closely
Help decrease the stability of the joint
A and b are correct
A, b, and c are correct
The knee joint
Is the most complex joint in the body
Consists of a planar and two modified pivot joints
Is stabilized by the collateral and cruciate ligaments as well as the menisci
A and b are correct
A and c are correct
All synovial joints
Are diarthrosis
Capsule around the bones
Are found only in the axial joint
A and b
A, b, and c are correct
Structural class of joints; includes joints linked together by fibrocartilage or hyaline cartilage
Fibrous joints
Cartilaginous joints
Synovial joints
Synarthrosis
Amphiarthrosis
Functional class of joints; includes joints that are only slightly movable
Fibrous joints
Cartilaginous joints
Synovial joints
Synarthrosis
Amphiarthrosis
Functional class of joints; includes joints that allow no movement
Fibrous joints
Cartilaginous joints
Synovial joints
Synarthrosis
Amphiarthrosis
Fluid-filled sacs that cushion some joints
Articular capsule
Articular cartilage
Bursae
Ligaments
Synovial fluid
Bundles of dense connective tissue; help link bones together and stabilize joint while movement occurs
Articular capsule
Articular cartilage
Bursae
Ligaments
Synovial fluid
Cover ends of synarthrotic bones; reduces friction and absorbs mechanical shocks
Articular capsule
Articular cartilage
Bursae
Ligaments
Synovial fluid
Bringing an extremity closer to the midline of the body
Abduction
Adduction
Circumduction
Flexion
Extension
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