Clinical Chemistry Carbohydrates

Glucose + Glucose

Glucose + Galactose

Sucrose breaks down into?

Are the chaining of 2 to 10 sugar units, whereas polysaccharides are formed by the linkage of many monosaccharide units.

Are simple sugars that cannot be hydrolyzed to a simpler form

Formation of glucose-6-phosphate from noncarbohydrate sources.

Conversion of carbohydrates to fatty acids

Conversion of glucose to glycogen for storage

Metabolism of glucose molecule to pyruvate or lactate for production of energy

The only monosaccharide used by the body for energy

Is the primary hormone responsible for increasing glucose levels. It is synthesized by the α-cells of islets of Langerhans in the pancreas and released during stress and fasting states.

Is the primary hormone responsible for the entry of glucose into the cell. It is synthesized by the β-cells of islets of Langerhans in the pancreas.

produced by the Delta cells of the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas, increases plasma glucose levels by the inhibition of insulin, glucagon, growth hormone, and other endocrine hormones.

Considered more accurate than the glucose oxidase method

Most specific enzyme reacting with only B-D-glucose.

End product of Folin Wu Test

End product of Nelson-Somogyi Test

It is used for the detection and quantitation of reducing substances in the body fluids.

Stabilizing agent for Benedict's Method

Glucose Inverse Colorimetric method

Is a result of cellular-mediated autoimmune destruction of the β-cells of the pancreas, causing an absolute deficiency of insulin secretion.

is characterized by hyperglycemia as a result of an individual's resistance to insulin with an insulin secretory defect.

Has been defined as any degree of glucose intolerance with onset or first recognition during pregnancy.

Is actually a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both.

It is a congenital deficiency of one of three enzymes involved in the galactose metabolism

This disease is a consequence of inherited deficiencies of enzymes that controls the synthesis or the breakdown of glycogen

Is the most common GSD, associated with hyperlipidemia

Glucose level at refrigerated temperature decreases by ______ per hour

Glucose renal threshold

MJ experiencing unexpected weight loss from 75.2 Kg to 53.5 Kg. He started to feel excessive thirst and excessive hunger. He went to the hospital for a check-up. Doctors found out that his fasting blood glucose is 129mg/dl. Doctors confirmed that he has diabetes but they want to know the specific type of diabetes. After some tests, they find out that MJ's pancreas does not make insulin because his immune system attacks his islet cells that produce insulin. What type of diabetes does he have?