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Quizzes > Science

Biology 1 Quiz: Review Core Concepts in General Biology

20-question general biology 1 practice test. Instant results and study links.

Editorial: Review CompletedCreated By: Bhushan PatilUpdated Aug 25, 2025
Difficulty: Moderate
Grade: Grade 10
Study OutcomesCheat Sheet
Paper art illustrating a trivia quiz for high school biology students

This Biology 1 quiz helps you review cells, genetics, energy, and more, then shows what to study next in General Biology 1. Answer 20 quick questions, see instant results, and use feedback to learn why answers are right. For extra practice, explore our biology 1010 practice test, build basics with the biology chapter 1 test, or prepare with a biology clep practice test.

What is the basic unit of life?
Molecule
Cell
Tissue
Atom
Cells are the fundamental units of life as described by the cell theory. They are capable of all the basic functions of life, whereas atoms and molecules serve as non-living building blocks.
Which organelle is known as the powerhouse of the cell?
Mitochondria
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Chloroplast
Nucleus
Mitochondria generate most of the cell's ATP, providing the energy needed for cellular activities. Other organelles serve distinct functions such as genetic storage or protein synthesis, but do not provide large-scale energy production.
What molecule carries genetic information in living organisms?
DNA
RNA
Lipid
Protein
DNA holds the genetic blueprint for an organism's development and functioning. Although RNA plays roles in protein synthesis and regulation, only DNA provides long-term genetic storage.
What process describes the transformation of water from liquid to gas?
Sublimation
Evaporation
Condensation
Precipitation
Evaporation occurs when water molecules gain sufficient energy to transition from a liquid to a gas. This process is vital in natural water cycles unlike condensation, which is the reverse process.
Which macromolecule is primarily used for storing genetic information?
Nucleic Acids
Proteins
Lipids
Carbohydrates
Nucleic acids, particularly DNA, are responsible for storing and transmitting genetic information. The other macromolecules have functions such as energy storage and structural support but do not encode genetic data.
What is the role of ribosomes in a cell?
They break down waste
They store genetic material
They produce ATP
They synthesize proteins
Ribosomes are the sites where proteins are synthesized by linking amino acids together. They do not participate in ATP production, genetic storage, or waste degradation.
Which process involves the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane?
Osmosis
Active Transport
Phagocytosis
Diffusion
Osmosis specifically refers to the movement of water through a selectively permeable membrane from an area of low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration. This is distinct from diffusion, which involves passive movement of solutes.
What is the chemical equation for photosynthesis?
C₆H₝₂O₆ + 6CO₂ ' 6H₂O + 6O₂ + light energy
C₆H₝₂O₆ + 6O₂ ' 6CO₂ + 6H₂O + energy
6CO₂ + 6H₂O + light energy ' C₆H₝₂O₆ + 6O₂
6O₂ + 6H₂O ' C₆H₝₂O₆ + 6CO₂
The balanced equation for photosynthesis shows that carbon dioxide and water, in the presence of light energy, are converted into glucose and oxygen. The other options either reverse the process or mix up reactants and products.
Which phase of the cell cycle involves the replication of DNA?
M phase
G1 phase
S phase
G2 phase
The S phase is dedicated to DNA replication, ensuring that each daughter cell receives an exact copy of the genetic material. The other phases focus on cell growth and division rather than replication of DNA.
What does a Punnett square predict in genetic crosses?
The energy levels of cells in an organism
The rate of enzyme reactions
The structure of DNA molecules
The probability of offspring inheriting certain traits
A Punnett square is a diagram used to predict the distribution of inherited traits in offspring based on the genetic makeup of the parents. It does not relate to energy production, enzyme kinetics, or the structure of DNA.
Which biomolecule is utilized for long-term energy storage in animals?
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic Acids
Carbohydrates
Lipids are efficient for long-term energy storage because they store a large amount of energy in a compact form. Carbohydrates provide short-term energy, while proteins and nucleic acids serve other functions in the cell.
What is natural selection?
A technique for sequencing DNA
A method used in laboratory genetic engineering
A process where organisms with advantageous traits are more likely to survive and reproduce
A random process without any selective advantage
Natural selection is the mechanism by which heritable traits that confer survival and reproductive advantages become more common in successive generations. It is a non-random process driven by environmental pressures rather than laboratory techniques or chance alone.
Which structure in a plant cell is responsible for photosynthesis?
Vacuole
Cell Wall
Mitochondrion
Chloroplast
Chloroplasts contain the pigments and machinery necessary to capture light energy and convert it into chemical energy via photosynthesis. The other organelles perform different functions, such as energy production or storage, but not photosynthesis.
Which structure in a plant cell provides structural support and protection?
Cell Wall
Mitochondrion
Chloroplast
Nucleus
The cell wall is a rigid layer that surrounds plant cells, providing mechanical support and protection. Unlike the flexible cell membrane, the cell wall maintains the shape and integrity of the cell.
What is the role of enzymes in biochemical reactions?
They act as catalysts to speed up reactions
They provide structural support to cells
They store energy for later use
They transport molecules across membranes
Enzymes accelerate biochemical reactions by lowering the activation energy required. They do not store energy or function in molecule transport, but rather facilitate and regulate chemical reactions.
How does the process of cellular respiration differ between aerobic and anaerobic conditions?
Aerobic respiration does not require oxygen, unlike anaerobic respiration which depends on oxygen
Both aerobic and anaerobic respiration yield the same amount of ATP regardless of oxygen availability
Aerobic respiration uses oxygen to produce high levels of ATP, while anaerobic respiration does not use oxygen and produces less ATP
Aerobic respiration relies solely on glycolysis, whereas anaerobic respiration utilizes the citric acid cycle
Aerobic respiration involves complete oxidation of substrates using oxygen, which results in a high yield of ATP through the electron transport chain. In contrast, anaerobic respiration uses fermentation pathways that yield significantly less ATP.
What distinguishes eukaryotic cells from prokaryotic cells?
Presence of membrane-bound organelles, including a nucleus
Possession of only circular chromosomes
Ability to perform photosynthesis
Having a rigid cell wall
Eukaryotic cells are characterized by a true nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles, setting them apart from prokaryotic cells. While some prokaryotes can perform photosynthesis or have cell walls, they do not have the compartmentalization found in eukaryotes.
What is the significance of the endosymbiotic theory in understanding the origin of eukaryotic cells?
It implies that eukaryotic cells do not contain any remnants of prokaryotic structure
It indicates that prokaryotic cells are more advanced than eukaryotic cells
It explains how organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts originated from free-living prokaryotes
It suggests that eukaryotic cells evolved directly from viruses
The endosymbiotic theory proposes that key eukaryotic organelles originated when primitive eukaryotic cells engulfed free-living prokaryotes. This theory explains the presence of double membranes and distinct genetic material in organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts.
How do mutations contribute to the process of evolution?
Mutations always get corrected by the cell and have no evolutionary impact
Mutations occur only in response to environmental stress
Mutations introduce genetic variation that can be acted on by natural selection
Mutations solely cause negative and harmful changes in an organism's DNA
Mutations generate genetic diversity, which provides the raw material for evolution via natural selection. Not all mutations are harmful; some are neutral or even beneficial, enabling populations to adapt over time.
Why is homeostasis critical for the survival of living organisms?
It is an outdated concept with little relevance to modern biology
It allows for rapid and unpredictable changes in metabolic processes
It helps maintain a stable internal environment despite external fluctuations
It encourages extreme variations in internal conditions
Homeostasis is essential because it ensures that internal conditions like temperature and pH remain stable, enabling enzymes to function optimally. This stability allows organisms to effectively manage metabolic processes and respond to environmental changes.
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Study Outcomes

  1. Understand core cellular structures and functions.
  2. Analyze biological processes and their interrelationships.
  3. Apply genetic principles to predict hereditary patterns.
  4. Evaluate ecological dynamics and environmental impacts.
  5. Integrate evolutionary concepts with observed biological evidence.

General Biology 1 Exam & Test Cheat Sheet

  1. Properties of Life - Discover what makes something truly alive by exploring traits like order, energy processing, growth, and evolution. These shared features unite everything from bacteria to blue whales in a vibrant tapestry of life.
  2. Levels of Biological Organization - Zoom out and see how life builds itself up, from tiny atoms and molecules all the way to the biosphere that blankets our planet. Each tier unlocks new patterns and relationships that shape ecosystems and species interactions.
  3. Cell Theory - Celebrate the cell as biology's superstar: the building block of all living things, born only from pre-existing cells. This simple yet powerful idea underpins everything from growth to healing.
  4. Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic Cells - Meet the dynamic duo of cells: prokaryotes keep it simple with no nucleus, while eukaryotes rock a nucleus and fancy organelles. Understanding their differences is like comparing a minimalist studio to a fully furnished mansion.
  5. DNA and RNA Functions - DNA holds the master recipe for life, while RNA is the busy sous-chef that reads and delivers instructions to build proteins. Together, they orchestrate heredity and keep every cell humming.
  6. Fundamental Principles of Biology - From evolution's grand narrative to energy flow and genetic inheritance, these core ideas weave a cohesive story of life's complexity. Mastering them is your ticket to seeing biology in high definition.
  7. Diversity of Life - Evolution's toolkit has crafted everything from slime molds to sequoia trees and hummingbirds. Classifying organisms into domains and kingdoms reveals the astonishing variety life has achieved.
  8. Scientific Inquiry - Put on your lab coat and dive into observation, hypothesis-building, experimenting, and drawing conclusions. This adventurous process turns questions into discoveries and fuels scientific breakthroughs.
  9. Chemical Bonds in Biology - Atoms team up through covalent, ionic, and hydrogen bonds to create the molecules that power life. Knowing how these bonds form and break is like learning nature's chemistry playbook.
  10. Themes and Concepts of Biology - Dive into unifying ideas like structure-function relationships, interdependence, and unity amid diversity. These themes help you connect the dots and see the bigger picture.
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