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Quizzes > Health & Medicine > Human Anatomy & Medicine

Nursing Intake and Output Quiz: Test Your Mastery

Dive into intake and output practice problems and boost your nursing input and output skills

Difficulty: Moderate
2-5mins
Learning OutcomesCheat Sheet
Paper art illustration with fluid containers nursing icons on golden yellow background for intake output practice quiz.

Use this intake and output practice quiz to calculate fluid totals, convert mL and oz, and track balance just like on the floor. Work through realistic questions to build speed, spot gaps before the exam, and reduce math errors. You'll see the correct answers after each item so you can learn fast.

What is the primary route of fluid output monitored in standard intake and output charts?
Urine
Tears
Saliva
Sweat
Urine output is the principal measurable fluid loss in intake and output monitoring, reflecting renal function and overall fluid balance. Other losses like sweat and saliva are considered insensible and generally not charted individually. Accurately measuring urine helps guide fluid therapy and detect renal issues.
A healthy adult produces approximately 1500 mL of urine in 24 hours. How is this volume classified?
Normal
Polyuria
Anuria
Oliguria
Normal urine output for an adult ranges from about 800 to 2000 mL per 24 hours. Polyuria is excessive output (>3000 mL), oliguria is low output (<400 mL/day), and anuria is negligible or no output. Monitoring helps evaluate kidney function.
If a patient ingests 1200 mL of oral fluids and outputs 250 mL urine, 200 mL stool, and 30 mL vomitus, what is the net fluid balance?
+720 mL
-280 mL
+920 mL
+560 mL
Net fluid balance equals intake minus total output: 1200 mL intake minus (250 + 200 + 30) mL outputs equals +720 mL. Positive balance indicates fluid gain. Accurate I&O tracking is vital for assessing hydration status.
What is the average recommended daily fluid intake for an adult?
2500 mL
500 mL
1500 mL
3500 mL
General guidelines recommend about 2.5 liters of total water intake daily for healthy adults, including beverages and moisture from food. Individual needs vary based on activity, climate, and health status. Proper intake supports metabolic functions and fluid balance.
Which device is most commonly used to accurately measure urine output in hospitalized patients?
Specimen cup
Graduated collection bag
Urine dipstick
Foley catheter without markings
Graduated urine collection bags attached to indwelling catheters allow hourly measurement of output. Specimen cups and dipsticks measure small samples, not total hourly volume. Precise I&O data guide clinical decisions.
How frequently should intake and output be documented for most acute care patients?
Daily
Every 4 hours
Once per shift
Hourly
Hourly documentation of intake and output is standard in acute care to detect fluid shifts promptly. Less frequent charting may miss rapid changes in status. Accurate hourly data are used to adjust fluid therapy.
Which tool provides the most accurate measurement for administering a 5 mL liquid medication dose?
Medicine cup
Teaspoon
Dropper
Oral syringe
An oral syringe allows precise measurement to the decimal, reducing dosing errors. Medicine cups and droppers are less precise. Accurate dosing is critical for patient safety.
A patient has 200 mL IV fluid and 1000 mL oral fluids intake, with 900 mL urine and 200 mL drainage. What is their net fluid balance?
0 mL
+100 mL
-100 mL
+200 mL
Total intake is 1200 mL (200 + 1000) and total output is 1100 mL (900 + 200), giving a net +100 mL. Positive balances may indicate fluid retention. Accurate I&O math is essential for clinical management.
Oliguria is defined as urine output below which threshold per hour in an adult?
10 mL/hr
30 mL/hr
50 mL/hr
100 mL/hr
Oliguria in adults is typically <0.5 mL/kg/hr, approximated as less than 30 mL per hour. It signals possible renal hypoperfusion or failure. Early recognition allows timely intervention.
A patient receives 500 mL of D5W. How much free water is delivered once dextrose is metabolized?
1000 mL
500 mL
250 mL
0 mL
D5W is isotonic in bag but becomes free water after dextrose metabolism, delivering the full 500 mL as hypotonic fluid. It distributes into total body water compartments.
Which intravenous fluid is most likely to remain in the intravascular compartment and expand plasma volume?
Lactated Ringer's
D5W
5% albumin
0.9% NaCl
Colloids like 5% albumin contain large molecules that stay intravascular, increasing oncotic pressure and retaining fluid within vessels. Crystalloids distribute more widely in extracellular space.
Approximately how much insensible fluid loss occurs daily through skin and lungs in an adult?
200 mL
1500 mL
600 mL
50 mL
Normal insensible losses (evaporation from skin and respiratory tract) average about 500 - 800 mL per day in adults. These losses are not easily measured but impact fluid balance.
A patient loses 600 mL via diarrhea and 800 mL urine, with 1200 mL oral intake. What is the net balance?
-200 mL
-1400 mL
+200 mL
0 mL
Total intake of 1200 mL minus total output of 1400 mL (600 + 800) equals - 200 mL, indicating a fluid deficit. Recognizing deficits guides replacement therapy.
A urine specific gravity above which value indicates concentrated urine and possible dehydration?
1.000
1.005
1.030
1.015
A urine specific gravity >1.030 is high, suggesting concentrated urine and insufficient fluid intake or dehydration. Normal range is about 1.005 - 1.030. It helps assess hydration.
Using the Holliday-Segar method, what is the daily maintenance fluid requirement for a 20 kg child?
1500 mL
1200 mL
2000 mL
1000 mL
Holliday-Segar calculates 100 mL/kg for first 10 kg and 50 mL/kg for next 10 kg: (10×100)+(10×50)=1500 mL/day. It guides pediatric maintenance fluids.
A patient receives 2 L of 0.45% saline over 24 hours and develops hyponatremia. What mechanism explains this drop in serum sodium?
Chloride binds intracellularly
Sodium is metabolized
Hypotonic fluid shifts water into cells
Colloid osmotic pressure decreases
0.45% saline is hypotonic relative to plasma; it moves water into cells, diluting serum sodium. Understanding fluid tonicity is critical to preventing electrolyte imbalances.
A urine specific gravity of 1.010 and osmolality of 300 mOsm/kg suggest which hydration status?
Dehydration
Euhydration (normal)
Overhydration
Osmotic diuresis
A specific gravity of ~1.010 and osmolality ~300 mOsm/kg fall within normal ranges, indicating balanced hydration. Values outside these ranges suggest concentration or dilution issues.
Gastric suctioning of 500 mL daily can lead to which acid-base disturbance?
Metabolic alkalosis
Metabolic acidosis
Respiratory acidosis
Respiratory alkalosis
Loss of gastric acid (HCl) via suction leads to alkalinization of blood, causing metabolic alkalosis. Monitoring acid-base status is essential in patients with GI losses.
A 70 kg adult produces 1000 mL urine in 24 hours. What is their urine output in mL/kg/hr?
1.5 mL/kg/hr
0.2 mL/kg/hr
0.6 mL/kg/hr
0.4 mL/kg/hr
1000 mL/24 hr = 41.7 mL/hr; divided by 70 kg gives ~0.6 mL/kg/hr. Values <0.5 indicate oliguria. Accurate calculation informs renal perfusion assessment.
Which factor most directly drives fluid movement into cells from the extracellular space?
Capillary permeability
Osmolarity gradient
Colloid osmotic pressure
Hydrostatic pressure
Osmolarity differences between compartments determine water shifts across cell membranes. If extracellular fluid is hypotonic, water moves into cells. Understanding osmosis guides fluid therapy.
In uncontrolled diabetes, hyperglycemia causes increased urine output via which mechanism?
Increased ADH secretion
Decreased glomerular filtration
Enhanced sodium reabsorption
Osmotic diuresis
High blood glucose exceeds renal reabsorption capacity, increasing osmotic pressure in tubules and drawing water into urine - osmotic diuresis. This leads to polyuria in diabetes.
Excessive urine output exceeding 3000 mL per day is termed:
Oliguria
Anuria
Dysuria
Polyuria
Polyuria is defined as urine output greater than 3 liters per day. It may result from diabetes insipidus, uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, or diuretic therapy. Monitoring helps differentiate causes.
Using the Parkland formula for burn resuscitation, how much fluid is required in the first 8 hours for a 70 kg adult with 20% TBSA burns?
1400 mL
5600 mL
2800 mL
4200 mL
Parkland formula: 4 mL × body weight (kg) × %TBSA = total 24-hr volume. For 70 kg and 20%: 4×70×20=5600 mL; half (2800 mL) in first 8 hours. This guides acute burn management.
A patient's 24-hour chart shows 2000 mL intake and 2500 mL output, yet weight has decreased by 1 kg. What best explains the discrepancy?
Excess fluid retention in cells
Unmeasured insensible losses
Laboratory error in scale
Third-spacing of fluids
Insensible losses (evaporation from skin/lungs) often total 500 - 800 mL/day and may not be charted, accounting for extra weight loss. Third spacing retains fluid in non-measurable compartments but does not reduce weight.
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Study Outcomes

  1. Apply accurate intake and output calculation methods -

    Use intake and output practice questions to perform precise fluid volume conversions and calculations, ensuring accurate nursing documentation.

  2. Analyze fluid balance results -

    Interpret intake and output totals to identify positive or negative fluid balances and understand their clinical implications.

  3. Calculate total nursing input and output -

    Solve intake and output practice problems involving oral, IV, and other fluid sources to determine total volumes.

  4. Identify clinical signs of fluid imbalance -

    Recognize indicators of dehydration or fluid overload and relate them to intake and output data.

  5. Evaluate personal calculation proficiency -

    Assess performance on intake and output calculation practice to highlight strengths and areas needing improvement.

  6. Utilize practice resources effectively -

    Access intake and output practice worksheets with answers PDF and other tools for targeted exam preparation.

Cheat Sheet

  1. Fluid Balance Fundamentals -

    Fluid balance is the equilibrium between intake and output, usually 1500 - 3500 mL per day in healthy adults (NCBI). Understanding this baseline helps you identify imbalances like dehydration or overload. Remember: net zero means intake equals output, a cornerstone in nursing input and output practice.

  2. Accurate Intake Measurement -

    Record all oral fluids, IV infusions, tube feedings, and irrigation volumes using calibrated devices (CDC guidelines). A handy mnemonic is "SOFT Drink" (Sip, Oral, Feeding, Tube) to capture every source. Practicing with intake and output practice worksheets with answers PDF can sharpen your precision.

  3. Comprehensive Output Monitoring -

    Measure urine, emesis, drainage, and stools by reading containers at eye level and documenting hourly or per shift (ANA standards). Consistent charting of skin losses (perspiration) and insensible losses reminds you fluid loss isn't just urine. Intake and output practice problems will help you master these variables under pressure.

  4. Unit Conversion Mastery -

    Convert ounces to milliliters using 1 oz = 30 mL ("30 per ounce" trick), and liters to milliliters by multiplying by 1000. Swift conversions are vital in acute settings when reviewing nursing input and output charts. Drill conversion drills regularly to build speed and accuracy.

  5. Net Fluid Balance Calculations -

    Compute net balance by subtracting total output from total intake (Intake - Output = Net). For example, 1200 mL intake minus 800 mL output equals +400 mL, indicating fluid retention. Regular practice with intake and output practice questions ensures you can interpret positive or negative balances confidently.

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