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Quizzes > Health & Medicine

Anatomy and Physiology Exam 2: Bone Anatomy & Remodeling Quiz

Quick exam 2 practice test for bone anatomy and remodeling. Instant results.

Editorial: Review CompletedCreated By: J. R. SornaUpdated Aug 27, 2025
Difficulty: Moderate
2-5mins
Learning OutcomesCheat Sheet
Paper art illustration for Anatomy and Physiology Exam 2 quiz testing skeletal system skills on dark blue background

This quiz helps you review Anatomy and Physiology Exam 2 topics on bone anatomy, growth plates, and remodeling. Strengthen recall and spot gaps, then go deeper with a bone markings quiz, build bone tissue knowledge with an osteon labeling quiz, and round out regions with an appendicular skeleton quiz.

Which function of the skeletal system primarily maintains appropriate calcium and phosphate levels in body fluids?
Mineral storage and release (bone stores Ca2+ and PO4 3- for homeostasis)
Support of soft tissues
Blood pressure regulation
Protection of organs
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A sesamoid bone is best exemplified by which structure?
Sphenoid
Patella (develops within a tendon)
Clavicle
Scaphoid
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The shaft of a long bone is called the diaphysis and is composed primarily of compact bone.
False
True
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The expanded ends of a long bone are the epiphyses and are mostly composed of which tissue type?
Dense irregular connective tissue
Elastic cartilage
Spongy (trabecular) bone with thin compact covering
Fibrocartilage
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The metaphysis contains the epiphyseal plate in growing bones.
False
True
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Which term describes layers of bony matrix surrounding the central canal within an osteon?
Perforating fibers
Trabeculae
Sharpey fibers
Concentric lamellae (alternating collagen orientation for strength)
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Lacunae in bone house osteoclasts.
True
False (lacunae contain osteocytes; osteoclasts are on bone surfaces)
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What is the role of canaliculi in bone tissue?
Store lipids
Provide channels for osteocyte communication and nutrient diffusion
Anchor tendons to bone
Generate bone matrix
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Osteoclasts are derived from the monocyte-macrophage lineage and resorb bone using acid and proteases.
True
False
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Osteoprogenitor cells are most abundant in which location?
Articular cartilage
Periosteum and endosteum (stem cells that give rise to osteoblasts)
Bone marrow sinusoids
Ligaments
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Which sequence correctly lists the zones of the epiphyseal plate from epiphysis to diaphysis?
Proliferative, resting, hypertrophic, ossification, calcification
Ossification, calcification, hypertrophic, proliferative, resting
Hypertrophic, resting, proliferative, calcification, ossification
Resting, proliferative, hypertrophic, calcification, ossification
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Parathyroid hormone (PTH) increases blood calcium by stimulating osteoblasts to directly secrete calcium into blood.
False (PTH promotes osteoclast-mediated resorption via osteoblast signals)
True
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Excess growth hormone after epiphyseal plates have closed leads to gigantism.
True
False (it causes acromegaly; gigantism occurs before plate closure)
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Paranasal sinuses are found in which combination of bones?
Mandible, hyoid, atlas, and axis
Frontal, maxilla, ethmoid, and sphenoid (air-filled cavities)
Temporal, occipital, lacrimal, and zygomatic
Nasal, vomer, palatine, and inferior nasal concha only
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In adults, the primary sites of red bone marrow hematopoiesis include which locations?
All bones equally
Flat bones of skull only
Diaphyses of long bones only
Vertebrae, sternum, ribs, pelvis, and proximal femur/humerus (axial-dominant)
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Osteogenesis imperfecta primarily results from defects in collagen type I, leading to brittle bones.
True
False
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Which zone of the growth plate is characterized by chondrocytes undergoing rapid mitosis and stacking in columns?
Proliferative zone (drives longitudinal growth)
Resting zone
Ossification zone
Hypertrophic zone
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Sclerostin produced by osteoclasts enhances Wnt signaling to increase bone formation.
True
False (sclerostin is produced by osteocytes and inhibits Wnt signaling)
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Which enzyme in osteoblasts is most associated with promoting mineralization of osteoid?
Na+/K+ ATPase
Carbonic anhydrase II
Lactate dehydrogenase
Alkaline phosphatase (liberates phosphate for hydroxyapatite)
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Carbonic anhydrase II in osteoclasts is essential for generating protons that dissolve mineral during resorption.
False
True
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0

Study Outcomes

  1. Identify Key Skeletal Components -

    After completing the anatomy and physiology exam 2 practice test, learners will be able to identify major bone structures and regions such as diaphysis, epiphysis, and the epiphyseal plate.

  2. Define Epiphyseal Plate Composition -

    Readers will accurately complete "the epiphyseal plate is a thin layer of ______" by describing its hyaline cartilage makeup and its role in longitudinal bone growth.

  3. Explain Bone Remodeling Initiation -

    Participants will fill in "bone remodeling begins during ______" and articulate the developmental stage and cellular events that trigger remodeling.

  4. Differentiate Bone Cell Functions -

    Users will distinguish the roles of osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and osteocytes in bone formation, maintenance, and resorption.

  5. Analyze Ossification Processes -

    Learners will analyze endochondral versus intramembranous ossification pathways and their relevance to skeletal development and repair.

  6. Apply Concepts to Exam Questions -

    After the quiz, students will apply their knowledge to answer anatomy and physiology exam 2 questions with increased confidence and accuracy.

Cheat Sheet

  1. Epiphyseal Plate Composition -

    Recall that the epiphyseal plate is a thin layer of hyaline cartilage located between the diaphysis and epiphysis, which facilitates longitudinal growth (Tortora & Derrickson, 2017). A handy mnemonic is "CHaP" for Cartilage Hyaline Plate when reviewing anatomy and physiology exam 2 concepts.

  2. Ossification Pathways -

    Differentiate intramembranous ossification (direct bone formation in flat bones) from endochondral ossification (cartilage model replaced by bone in long bones), as outlined by Gray's Anatomy. Remember the sequence: mesenchyme → cartilage → bone and practice drawing the stages to reinforce your anatomy and physiology exam 2 practice test prep.

  3. Bone Remodeling Cycle -

    Bone remodeling begins during adulthood under hormonal regulation from PTH and calcitonin, balancing osteoclast resorption with osteoblast deposition (NIAMS). Use the acronym "R-D" (Resorption then Deposition) to recall this dynamic process for your anatomy and physiology 1 test 2 review.

  4. Cellular Players and Functions -

    Osteoblasts build bone by secreting osteoid, osteocytes maintain the matrix, and osteoclasts resorb bone via acidic enzymes (PubMed Central). Visual charts comparing these cells will cement your knowledge for anatomy and physiology exam 2 quizzes.

  5. Calcium Homeostasis and Hormones -

    Understand that parathyroid hormone increases blood Ca2+ by stimulating osteoclasts, while calcitonin lowers it by inhibiting osteoclast activity (Endocrine Society). A helpful rhyme: "PTH pumps up Ca, Calcitonin calms it down" to ace calcium regulation questions.

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