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Quizzes > Health & Medicine

A&P Exam 1 Practice Test: Review Chemistry, Bonds, and Ions

Quick, free A&P 1 practice test. Instant results.

Editorial: Review CompletedCreated By: Jeffry BedoreUpdated Aug 26, 2025
Difficulty: Moderate
2-5mins
Learning OutcomesCheat Sheet
Paper art illustration for AP Test 1 practice quiz on coral background

This A&P Exam 1 practice test helps you review basic chemistry, bonding, and ions so you can spot gaps before test day. Warm up with a targeted chapter 2 basic chemistry quiz, revisit foundations in the a&p chapter 1 quiz, and lock in key terms with an anatomical terminology quiz.

Which level of biological organization comes immediately below an organ system in humans?
Tissue
Organ
Cell
Organism
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Negative feedback in homeostasis tends to do which of the following when a variable deviates from its set point?
Counteract the change and return the variable toward the set point
Amplify the change and move the variable farther from the set point
Convert the variable to a different unit to match the set point
Stop all physiological activity until the set point returns
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An element's atomic number corresponds to the number of which particle in the nucleus?
Protons plus neutrons
Electrons
Neutrons
Protons
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Isotopes of the same element differ in their number of which particle?
Protons and electrons
Protons
Electrons
Neutrons
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Which type of chemical bond involves the transfer of electrons from one atom to another?
Ionic bond
Nonpolar covalent bond
Hydrogen bond
Polar covalent bond
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Which bond type results from unequal sharing of electrons between atoms?
Ionic bond
Nonpolar covalent bond
Peptide bond
Polar covalent bond
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Which statement best describes a buffer system in physiology?
It resists changes in pH by reversibly binding or releasing H+
It permanently removes H+ from the body
It converts all acids to bases
It keeps pH constant regardless of acid or base addition
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Which ion is most abundant in the extracellular fluid?
K+
Na+
HPO4²−
Mg2+
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Which solution will cause red blood cells to swell and potentially lyse?
Hypotonic
Hypertonic
Iso-osmotic with impermeant solute
Isotonic
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Facilitated diffusion requires ATP.
True
False
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Which statement best describes the role of bicarbonate in CO2 transport in blood?
Bicarbonate is produced exclusively in the lungs
Most CO2 binds to plasma albumin
CO2 is transported only as dissolved gas
Most CO2 is transported as bicarbonate in plasma after conversion in RBCs
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Which of the following best distinguishes triglycerides from phospholipids?
Phospholipids have a phosphate head and two fatty acid tails; triglycerides have three fatty acid tails and no phosphate
Phospholipids are nonpolar; triglycerides are amphipathic
Triglycerides are composed of amino acids; phospholipids are not
Triglycerides are found only in plant cells
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Which statement about protein primary structure is correct?
It refers to the arrangement of multiple polypeptide subunits
It is the linear sequence of amino acids linked by peptide bonds
It is stabilized by disulfide bonds only
It describes alpha-helices and beta-sheets
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Which change will most directly increase the rate of a simple diffusion process across a membrane?
Adding a competitive inhibitor
Increasing molecule size
Decreasing temperature
Increasing the concentration gradient across the membrane
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Enzymes raise the activation energy of a reaction.
True
False
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Which statement correctly describes the effect of hyperkalemia on resting membrane potential?
It depolarizes the resting membrane potential (makes it less negative)
It reverses the roles of Na+ and K+ channels
It has no effect on membrane potential
It hyperpolarizes the resting membrane potential (makes it more negative)
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Which organelle contains enzymes for the citric acid cycle?
Mitochondrial matrix
Lysosome
Golgi apparatus
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
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Which pairing of nucleic acid and pentose sugar is correct?
Both DNA and RNA with ribose
DNA with deoxyribose; RNA with ribose
DNA with ribose; RNA with deoxyribose
Both DNA and RNA with deoxyribose
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Which statement best explains why weak acids are effective physiological buffers?
They are nonreactive, so pH cannot change
They fully dissociate, fixing pH permanently
They convert bases into salts irreversibly
They partially dissociate, allowing reversible binding and release of H+
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Which is the primary role of oxygen in oxidative phosphorylation?
Source of protons for the gradient
Terminal electron acceptor that forms water
Activator of citrate synthase
Substrate for ATP synthase binding site
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Study Outcomes

  1. Understand Fundamental Chemical Principles -

    Grasp core concepts of exam 1 chemistry, including atomic structure, chemical bonds, and molecular polarity, to build a strong foundation for A&P test 1.

  2. Differentiate Types of Molecular Interactions -

    Identify and compare ionic, covalent, hydrogen, and Van der Waals interactions to predict how molecules behave in physiological environments.

  3. Analyze Acid-Base Balance and pH Regulation -

    Examine the role of acids, bases, and buffer systems in maintaining homeostasis and apply this knowledge to A&P exam 1 practice test questions.

  4. Apply Ion Behavior to Biological Systems -

    Predict the movement and distribution of key ions across membranes and understand their impact on cellular function during physiology assessments.

  5. Evaluate Buffer and Homeostatic Mechanisms -

    Assess how buffer systems stabilize pH in bodily fluids and relate these mechanisms to real-world anatomy 1 exam 1 scenarios.

  6. Interpret Chemical Reactions in Metabolic Pathways -

    Connect foundational chemistry concepts to metabolic processes, enabling you to tackle A&P exam 1 questions with confidence.

Cheat Sheet

  1. Atomic Structure & Chemical Bonds -

    Mastering atoms, isotopes, and the arrangement of protons, neutrons, and electrons is essential for a&p test 1 success. Understanding covalent, ionic, and hydrogen bonds sets the stage for molecular interactions in cells; for example, the polarity of a water molecule arises from unequal sharing of electrons. A quick mnemonic: "LESS PEZ" (Lose Electrons = cation, Spend Electrons = anion) helps recall ion formation.

  2. Water Properties & pH Balance -

    Water's high heat capacity and cohesive nature are cornerstones of exam 1 chemistry and anatomy 1 exam 1 topics as highlighted by OpenStax A&P resources. The pH scale (0 - 14) measures H❺ concentration, so blood pH around 7.4 is maintained by the bicarbonate buffer system (H₂CO₃ ⇌ HCO₃❻ + H❺). Remember "pH is power of hydrogen" to keep the concept front of mind.

  3. Organic Macromolecules Essentials -

    Carbohydrates (CHO), lipids, proteins (CHON), and nucleic acids differ by functional groups and monomer units; dehydration synthesis links monomers, while hydrolysis breaks them apart. For your a&p exam 1 practice test, recall that polysaccharides store energy (glycogen in liver) and proteins' R-groups determine structure and function. Use the rhyme "Carbs for quick runs, fats for long fun" to differentiate energy stores.

  4. Enzyme Function & Catalysis -

    Enzymes lower activation energy to speed reactions without being consumed, an essential concept in a&p exam 1 and lab experiments. The lock-and-key vs. induced-fit models describe substrate binding, and factors like temperature, pH, and substrate concentration affect reaction rates. A handy trick: "Enzyme ends in '-ase,' substrate bows to the case."

  5. Electrolytes & Ion Behavior -

    Key ions - Na❺, K❺, Ca²❺, Cl❻ - regulate fluid balance, nerve impulses, and muscle contraction, making them vital for anatomy 1 exam 1 mastery. The Nernst equation (E = 61 log([ion outside]/[ion inside])) predicts membrane potentials and is indispensable for understanding resting potentials. Keep "Sodium out, Potassium in" as a simple phrase to recall major ionic gradients.

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