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Quizzes > Health & Medicine > Diseases & Conditions

Can You Diagnose Chlamydia or a Yeast Infection? Take the Quiz!

Think you can spot the signs of chlamydia and yeast infection? Take the test now!

Difficulty: Moderate
2-5mins
Learning OutcomesCheat Sheet
Paper art style illustration with stylized microbes medical icons for chlamydia yeast infection quiz on teal background

This chlamydia or yeast infection quiz helps you tell the difference between common signs, causes, and prevention steps. You'll practice spotting key symptoms, learn quick tips to lower risk, and notice when a check-up may help. For more practice, try the herpes vs. yeast quiz and the UTI vs. yeast quiz.

Which organism causes chlamydia?
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Trichomonas vaginalis
Chlamydia trachomatis
Candida albicans
Chlamydia trachomatis is an obligate intracellular bacterium and the most common cause of bacterial sexually transmitted infections worldwide. It infects columnar epithelial cells in the urogenital tract and can be asymptomatic. It is not a yeast or protozoan.
What is the primary causative agent of vaginal yeast infections?
Candida albicans
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Gardnerella vaginalis
Chlamydia trachomatis
Candida albicans is the most common fungal species causing vulvovaginal candidiasis, or yeast infections. Overgrowth of this opportunistic yeast in the vaginal mucosa leads to characteristic symptoms. It differs from bacterial STIs like chlamydia.
Which of the following is a hallmark of chlamydia infection in many individuals?
Thick, white, 'cottage cheese' discharge
Often asymptomatic infection
Frequent headaches
Intense itching around the vulva
Up to 70% of women and 50% of men with chlamydia infection may remain asymptomatic, making screening important. When symptoms do occur, they can be subtle genitourinary signs rather than pronounced discomfort. This is unlike yeast infections which often present with itching or characteristic discharge.
Which symptom is most characteristic of a vaginal yeast infection?
Thick, white, 'cottage cheese-like' discharge
Sharp pelvic pain radiating to the back
Greenish foul-smelling discharge
Burning in the urethra only
Vulvovaginal candidiasis commonly presents with a thick, white, curd-like discharge that can resemble cottage cheese. This discharge is generally odorless but may be accompanied by itching and irritation. Bacterial and other STI-related discharges differ in color and smell.
What is the recommended first-line treatment for uncomplicated chlamydia infection?
Azithromycin 1 g orally in a single dose
Fluconazole 150 mg orally once
Acyclovir 400 mg three times daily
Metronidazole 2 g orally once
Current guidelines recommend a single 1 g oral dose of azithromycin for uncomplicated chlamydia infections due to its efficacy and compliance advantage. Doxycycline is an alternative over seven days. Antifungals and antivirals are not effective against this intracellular bacterium.
Which medication is commonly used as first-line therapy for a vaginal yeast infection?
Fluconazole 150 mg orally once
Metronidazole 500 mg twice daily
Azithromycin 1 g orally once
Penicillin V 500 mg three times daily
Fluconazole, an oral azole antifungal, is highly effective against Candida species in vulvovaginal candidiasis. A single 150 mg dose often resolves uncomplicated infections. Antibiotics and antibacterials are ineffective against fungal pathogens.
What is the primary mode of transmission for chlamydia?
Contaminated food
Sexual contact
Vector-borne via insects
Airborne droplets
Chlamydia trachomatis is transmitted through sexual contact involving the genitals, anus, or mouth. It does not spread through the air, food, or insect vectors. Consistent condom use reduces transmission risk.
Which symptom is more commonly associated with a yeast infection rather than chlamydia?
Asymptomatic presentation
Intense vaginal itching
Sharp abdominal pain
Blood in the urine
Vulvovaginal candidiasis often causes intense itching and irritation of the vulvar and vaginal tissues. In contrast, chlamydia frequently remains asymptomatic or presents with mild urinary discomfort. Other symptoms like blood in urine or severe abdominal pain are less characteristic of yeast infections.
True or False: Untreated chlamydia infection in women can lead to pelvic inflammatory disease.
False
True
Untreated chlamydia can ascend from the cervix to the uterus and fallopian tubes, causing pelvic inflammatory disease, which may result in infertility or ectopic pregnancy. Early detection and antibiotic therapy are critical.
After potential exposure to chlamydia, when is testing most reliable?
1 - 2 weeks after exposure
6 months after exposure
Immediately after intercourse
24 - 48 hours after exposure
Chlamydia testing via NAAT is most accurate when performed at least 1 - 2 weeks after exposure to allow sufficient bacterial replication. Testing too early may yield false negatives. Routine screening is recommended for sexually active individuals under 25.
Which diagnostic method is routinely used to confirm a vaginal yeast infection?
Papanicolaou (Pap) smear
Microscopic examination of KOH-prepared discharge
Culture on chocolate agar
Polymerase chain reaction for chlamydia
A potassium hydroxide (KOH) wet mount allows visualization of budding yeast and pseudohyphae under the microscope, confirming Candida infection. Culture and Pap smears are not first-line. NAATs detect bacterial or viral pathogens, not yeast morphology.
Which test is the gold standard for screening chlamydia?
Antibody titer by Western blot
Nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT)
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)
Gram stain of endocervical swab
NAATs are the most sensitive and specific tests for detecting Chlamydia trachomatis DNA or RNA in urine or swab samples. They outperform older methods like ELISA or culture for routine screening.
Which factor significantly increases the risk of developing a vaginal yeast infection?
Daily exercise
Recent broad-spectrum antibiotic use
Use of barrier contraception
High-protein diet
Broad-spectrum antibiotics can disrupt normal Lactobacillus flora, allowing overgrowth of Candida species. Barrier contraception and lifestyle factors like diet or exercise are not major risk factors for yeast infections.
Which specimen type provides the highest sensitivity for chlamydia NAAT in women?
Self-collected vaginal swab
Throat swab
Blood serum sample
Rectal swab
Self-collected vaginal swabs are highly sensitive and well-accepted for NAAT chlamydia screening in women. They yield similar accuracy to clinician-collected swabs. Throat, rectal, and blood samples are used selectively for other indications.
What is the typical vaginal pH in a yeast infection compared to bacterial vaginosis?
2.0 - 3.0, highly acidic
6.0 - 6.5, which is alkaline
7.0 - 7.5, neutral to alkaline
4.0 - 4.5, which is normal or slightly acidic
Vaginal pH remains at or below 4.5 in vulvovaginal candidiasis. Bacterial vaginosis typically raises pH above 4.5. A highly acidic pH under 3.0 is unusual and not diagnostic.
Which complication is most specifically associated with untreated chlamydia infection in men?
Sinusitis
Mastitis
Epididymitis
Thyroiditis
Chlamydia can spread to the epididymis, causing painful inflammation called epididymitis in men. Other options affect unrelated organ systems. Prompt treatment prevents this complication.
A pregnant woman with untreated chlamydia infection is at increased risk for which outcome?
Preterm delivery
Neural tube defects
Macular degeneration
Gestational diabetes
Untreated chlamydia in pregnancy is linked to preterm birth, low birth weight, and neonatal eye or respiratory infections. Structural birth defects like neural tube defects are unrelated.
Which Candida species commonly exhibits reduced susceptibility to fluconazole?
Candida glabrata
Candida krusei
Candida albicans
Candida tropicalis
Candida glabrata frequently shows tolerance or resistance to fluconazole, requiring alternate antifungals. C. krusei is intrinsically resistant as well, but glabrata is the most common non-albicans species encountered clinically. C. albicans remains largely sensitive.
True or False: Co-infection with chlamydia increases the risk of HIV transmission.
False
True
STI-related inflammation and epithelial disruption from chlamydia can facilitate HIV acquisition and transmission. Co-infections are recognized risk factors in epidemiological studies.
What is the mechanism of action of azithromycin in treating chlamydia?
Blocks peptidoglycan cross-linking in the cell wall
Disrupts fungal cell membrane ergosterol synthesis
Interferes with DNA gyrase activity
Inhibits bacterial protein synthesis by binding the 50S ribosomal subunit
Azithromycin is a macrolide antibiotic that binds the 50S ribosomal subunit, blocking translocation and protein synthesis in bacteria. It has no activity against fungal membranes or DNA gyrase.
Which preventive measure may help reduce recurrent vulvovaginal yeast infections?
Regular use of scented feminine hygiene sprays
Use of probiotics containing Lactobacillus species
High-sugar diet
Daily use of broad-spectrum antibiotics
Supplementing with Lactobacillus probiotics can help restore normal vaginal flora, inhibiting Candida overgrowth. Antibiotics, sugar, and irritants actually increase yeast risk.
Which specimen type yields the highest sensitivity for chlamydia NAAT in men?
Saliva swab
Throat swab
First-catch urine sample
Blood sample
First-catch urine specimens capture epithelial cells shed from the urethra, providing high sensitivity for chlamydia NAAT in men. Blood, throat, or saliva tests are not standard for urogenital chlamydia.
Which Chlamydia trachomatis serovars are responsible for lymphogranuloma venereum?
D-K
A-C
H-K
L1-L3
Serovars L1, L2, and L3 of Chlamydia trachomatis cause lymphogranuloma venereum, a systemic infection characterized by proctocolitis and inguinal lymphadenopathy. Serovars D-K cause typical urogenital infections.
The cryptic plasmid in Chlamydia trachomatis is commonly targeted by NAAT diagnostic tests.
False
True
Most chlamydia NAAT assays target sequences on the 7.5-kb cryptic plasmid for high sensitivity because it is present in multiple copies per bacterium. Loss of the plasmid can cause rare false negatives.
Which virulence factor of Candida albicans mediates adherence to vaginal epithelial cells?
Als3 adhesin protein
Protein A
M protein
ToxA exotoxin
Als3 is an adhesin on the surface of Candida albicans that promotes binding to epithelial cells and biofilm formation, contributing to pathogenesis and recurrence of infection. Other listed proteins are virulence factors of bacterial pathogens.
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Study Outcomes

  1. Understand Symptom Profiles -

    Learn the characteristic symptoms of chlamydia and yeast infections to pinpoint key differences.

  2. Differentiate Conditions -

    Distinguish between chlamydia or yeast infection based on quiz scenarios and symptom presentation.

  3. Identify Risk Factors -

    Recognize the common causes and behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing either infection.

  4. Analyze Common Misconceptions -

    Assess myths such as whether chlamydia can cause a yeast infection and clarify factual information.

  5. Apply Prevention Strategies -

    Use proven tips to reduce risks and maintain reproductive health by preventing both chlamydia and yeast infections.

  6. Evaluate Testing and Treatment -

    Understand when to seek medical testing and the available treatment options for each condition.

Cheat Sheet

  1. Symptom Spotlight: Discharge & Discomfort -

    Chlamydia often presents with a subtle, mucopurulent discharge and mild pelvic discomfort, whereas a yeast infection triggers intense itching and a thick, "cottage cheese" - like discharge with minimal odor. Remember the mnemonic "YAP" (Yeast = Abundant, Pruritic) to recall yeast features easily. (Sources: CDC, Mayo Clinic)

  2. Distinct Culprits: Bacterium vs. Fungus -

    Chlamydia is caused by the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis, while yeast infections stem from the fungus Candida albicans, meaning each requires a different treatment class - antibiotics for chlamydia and antifungals for yeast. Think "CBUG" (Chlamydia = Bacterium, Yeast = Unicellular Fungus, Greatly different). (Sources: NIH, MedlinePlus)

  3. Diagnostic Detectives: Tests You Need -

    The gold standard for chlamydia is a nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT), boasting over 90% sensitivity, while a KOH prep and microscopy reveal yeast's characteristic budding cells and hyphae. Use the rhyme "NAAT for the Bug, KOH for the Fungus" to keep tests straight. (Sources: WHO, American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists)

  4. Treatment Toolbox: Meds & Methods -

    First-line therapy for chlamydia is a single-dose of azithromycin or a week of doxycycline, and a standard yeast infection responds to fluconazole or topical azoles. Always complete your full course to prevent resistance and recurrence - remember "Finish Every Round" (FER). (Sources: CDC, UpToDate)

  5. Risk & Prevention: Avoiding Co-Infections -

    While chlamydia doesn't directly cause a yeast infection, antibiotic use can disrupt the vaginal microbiome and invite Candida overgrowth, so always combine antibiotic therapy with probiotics or yogurt. Barrier methods, like condoms, can lower your risk of both infections - practice "SAFE" (Sexual Awareness Fosters Elimination of pathogens). (Sources: Mayo Clinic, Johns Hopkins Medicine)

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