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Quizzes > Health & Medicine > Human Anatomy & Medicine

How Well Do You Know Your Hormones? Take the Quiz!

Ready for a types of hormones quiz? Prove your hormone functions mastery!

Difficulty: Moderate
2-5mins
Learning OutcomesCheat Sheet
paper art illustration of stylized hormone molecules endocrine glands quiz prompt on sky blue background

This hormone type quiz helps you check how the endocrine system works, covering which glands make each hormone and what it does. Use it to spot gaps before a class or exam, and for extra practice, try the endocrine system practice , then press Start.

Which hormone is responsible for lowering blood glucose levels by facilitating cellular uptake of glucose?
Epinephrine
Insulin
Cortisol
Glucagon
Insulin is secreted by the pancreatic beta cells and plays a critical role in lowering blood glucose by promoting glucose uptake into muscle and adipose tissues. It also inhibits hepatic gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis. Without insulin, cells cannot efficiently take up glucose, leading to hyperglycemia. For more information, see .
What is the primary function of glucagon?
Increase protein synthesis
Stimulate insulin release
Promote fat storage
Increase blood glucose by stimulating glycogenolysis
Glucagon is released by pancreatic alpha cells and primarily acts to raise blood glucose levels by stimulating hepatic glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis. It counterbalances the effects of insulin during fasting. Elevated glucagon ensures that the body maintains adequate glucose for energy. For more details, see .
Which hormone released by the adrenal medulla increases heart rate and blood pressure during stress?
Norepinephrine
Aldosterone
Epinephrine
Cortisol
Epinephrine, also known as adrenaline, is secreted by the adrenal medulla and activates the fight-or-flight response, increasing heart rate and blood pressure. Although norepinephrine is also released, epinephrine has a stronger effect on cardiac output. This hormone mobilizes energy stores to prepare the body for immediate action. Learn more at .
Which pituitary hormone stimulates the thyroid gland to produce thyroid hormones?
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)
Calcitonin
Triiodothyronine (T3)
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) is produced by the anterior pituitary and binds to receptors on the thyroid gland, promoting synthesis and release of T3 and T4. TRH is released by the hypothalamus to stimulate TSH secretion. TSH is central to thyroid regulation via the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis. For further reading, see .
Estrogen and testosterone are examples of which type of hormones?
Glycoprotein hormones
Amino acid-derived hormones
Steroid hormones
Peptide hormones
Estrogen and testosterone are derived from cholesterol and are classified as steroid hormones. They pass through cell membranes and bind to intracellular receptors to regulate gene transcription. Steroid hormones are lipophilic and require carrier proteins in the blood. More information can be found at .
Which hypothalamic hormone stimulates the anterior pituitary to release adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)?
Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH)
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)
Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)
Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)
CRH is released by the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus and acts on the anterior pituitary to promote ACTH secretion. ACTH then stimulates cortisol production in the adrenal cortex. This is a key component of the HPA axis during stress. Read more at .
Parathyroid hormone (PTH) primarily increases serum levels of which mineral?
Potassium
Sodium
Phosphorus
Calcium
PTH is secreted by the parathyroid glands and acts to increase serum calcium by stimulating osteoclast-mediated bone resorption, enhancing renal calcium reabsorption, and promoting activation of vitamin D. These combined actions elevate blood calcium levels. For additional context, visit .
Which hormone promotes water reabsorption in the kidneys by increasing permeability of the collecting ducts?
Renin
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Aldosterone
Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)
ADH, or vasopressin, is released by the posterior pituitary and binds V2 receptors in the renal collecting ducts, triggering insertion of aquaporin channels and increasing water reabsorption. This mechanism concentrates urine and maintains plasma osmolality. See for more details.
Which of the following is a peptide hormone secreted by the delta cells of the pancreas that inhibits insulin and glucagon release?
Gastrin
Amylin
Pancreatic polypeptide
Somatostatin
Somatostatin is produced by pancreatic delta cells and acts to inhibit the release of insulin and glucagon as well as other gastrointestinal hormones. It modulates the endocrine and exocrine functions of the pancreas. For further reading, check .
Which hormone is primarily responsible for regulation of circadian rhythms and sleep-wake cycles?
Thyroxine
Cortisol
Melatonin
Serotonin
Melatonin is secreted by the pineal gland in response to darkness and helps regulate circadian rhythms, promoting sleep onset. Its secretion is inhibited by light exposure. This hormone influences sleep-wake cycles across many species. Learn more at .
Which thyroid hormone acts by binding to nuclear receptors to regulate gene transcription?
Triiodothyronine (T3)
Calcitonin
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
Thyroxine (T4)
T3 is the active thyroid hormone that crosses cell membranes and binds to nuclear thyroid hormone receptors, modulating gene expression. T4 is a prohormone that is converted to T3 in target tissues. This genomic mechanism underlies thyroid hormone action. For more information, see .
Activation of ?-adrenergic receptors typically leads to the production of which second messenger?
Inositol triphosphate (IP3)
Calcium ions (Ca2+)
Cyclic AMP (cAMP)
Diacylglycerol (DAG)
?-adrenergic receptors are Gs protein-coupled receptors that activate adenylyl cyclase when bound by catecholamines, leading to increased intracellular cAMP. cAMP then activates protein kinase A to elicit downstream effects. This pathway is central to sympathetic responses. See for details.
In the pancreatic islets, which cell type secretes glucagon?
Alpha cells
Beta cells
Delta cells
PP cells
Pancreatic alpha cells, located at the periphery of the islets of Langerhans, secrete glucagon in response to low blood glucose. Beta cells produce insulin, while delta cells secrete somatostatin. This cellular organization is key to islet function. More information is available at .
Which plasma protein is the primary carrier for thyroid hormones in the bloodstream?
Transferrin
Albumin
Fibrinogen
Thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG)
Thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG) is the main transport protein for T3 and T4 in the blood, maintaining a hormone reservoir and controlling free hormone levels. Albumin and transthyretin bind smaller amounts. This binding is crucial for hormone stability and bioavailability. Read more at .
Cortisol exerts its negative feedback on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis primarily at which site?
Posterior pituitary
Anterior pituitary
Adrenal cortex
Hypothalamus
Cortisol feeds back to the hypothalamus to inhibit corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) secretion, thereby reducing adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) release from the anterior pituitary. It also has inhibitory effects on the pituitary but primarily modulates hypothalamic activity. This ensures homeostatic control of the HPA axis. For deeper insight, see .
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Study Outcomes

  1. Identify Major Hormone Types -

    After completing the hormone type quiz, recognize the main categories of hormones in the endocrine system - peptide, steroid, and amine hormones.

  2. Describe Hormone Functions -

    Explain how different hormones regulate physiological processes such as metabolism, growth, and stress responses.

  3. Differentiate Endocrine Glands and Their Secretions -

    Match key endocrine glands - like the thyroid, adrenal, and pituitary - to their specific hormone outputs and roles in the body.

  4. Analyze Hormone Signaling Mechanisms -

    Illustrate how hormones bind to receptors and trigger intracellular pathways to elicit targeted cellular responses.

  5. Apply Quiz Insights to Clinical Scenarios -

    Use insights from this free hormone quiz to predict potential imbalances and understand their impact on overall health and homeostasis.

Cheat Sheet

  1. Classification of Hormones -

    Hormones are broadly classified into peptides (e.g., insulin), steroids (e.g., cortisol) and amines (e.g., thyroid hormones). Peptides are water-soluble and bind cell-surface receptors, steroids are lipophilic and target intracellular receptors, while amines have mixed properties (Guyton & Hall, 13th Ed.). Remember: "Peptides Punch Outside, Steroids Sneak Inside."

  2. Mechanisms of Hormone Action -

    Peptide hormones often use second messenger systems such as cAMP or IP3 - DAG to rapidly alter cell function, whereas steroid and thyroid hormones directly modulate gene transcription. For example, epinephrine stimulates Gs-protein-coupled receptors to increase cAMP, while cortisol binds cytosolic receptors affecting DNA response elements. A handy mnemonic is "Surface Signals vs. Nuclear Notes."

  3. Hypothalamic-Pituitary Axes -

    The hypothalamus and pituitary coordinate endocrine signals in cascades like CRH→ACTH→cortisol and GnRH→LH/FSH→sex steroids (Endocrine Society). These axis pathways illustrate hierarchical control and negative feedback - for instance, rising cortisol inhibits CRH and ACTH. A useful mnemonic is FLAT PiG - FSH, LH, ACTH, TSH are tropic and Prolactin, GH act directly on tissues.

  4. Hormone Transport and Half-Life -

    Steroid and thyroid hormones bind carrier proteins (e.g., thyroxine-binding globulin) which extend their half-life to hours or days, while peptide hormones like insulin have half-lives of minutes. Understanding these differences helps predict onset and duration of hormonal effects in physiology and pharmacology (Katzung's Basic & Clinical Pharmacology). Remember: "Lipid Lovers Last Longer."

  5. Feedback Loops in Endocrine Regulation -

    Most endocrine axes are controlled by negative feedback, where elevated hormone levels suppress upstream release; a classic example is cortisol's inhibition of CRH and ACTH. Positive feedback is rarer but crucial in events like the LH surge triggering ovulation. Think: "Brake to balance, accelerate for action."

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