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Quizzes > Health & Medicine > Diseases & Conditions

Take the Kidney Stone or UTI Quiz!

Think you have kidney stones? Try the Do I Have Kidney Stones Quiz now!

Difficulty: Moderate
2-5mins
Learning OutcomesCheat Sheet
Paper art illustration for a quiz on kidney stone and UTI knowledge on a sky blue background

This Kidney Stone or UTI Quiz helps you tell the difference between stone pain and infection signs so you know what might be going on. Answer quick questions to check your instincts, learn common symptoms and treatments, and see when it's smart to get care. Want a wider refresher? Explore the urinary system basics or try a short UTI self-check .

What is the most common symptom of kidney stones?
Fever and chills
Severe flank pain radiating to the groin
Increased urinary frequency
Dysuria
Kidney stones typically present with acute, severe flank pain that often radiates down to the groin due to ureteral colic. This classic presentation is due to the stone moving through the ureter. Associated nausea and vomiting may also occur.
Which of the following is a typical symptom of a urinary tract infection (UTI)?
Severe flank pain
Dysuria (burning with urination)
Nausea and vomiting only
Hematuria only
Dysuria, or a burning sensation when urinating, is a hallmark symptom of lower urinary tract infections. Patients often also describe urgency and frequency. Fever may suggest upper tract involvement but is not required for a UTI diagnosis.
Which imaging study is considered the gold standard for the initial diagnosis of kidney stones in most adults?
Intravenous pyelogram
Non-contrast helical CT scan of the abdomen and pelvis
Renal ultrasound
MRI of the abdomen
Non-contrast helical CT scans are the gold standard for detecting kidney stones because they have high sensitivity and specificity and can identify both radiopaque and radiolucent stones. Ultrasound is often used in pregnancy or to reduce radiation exposure.
Which lifestyle factor most directly increases the risk of developing kidney stones?
Low-protein diet
Regular aerobic exercise
High dietary salt intake
Daily hydration of more than 2 liters
High dietary sodium increases urinary calcium excretion, which can promote calcium stone formation. Reducing salt intake is a key preventive measure. Adequate hydration, not dehydration, helps prevent stones by diluting urinary solutes.
Which type of kidney stone is typically radiolucent on plain abdominal X-ray?
Struvite
Cystine
Calcium oxalate
Uric acid
Uric acid stones are radiolucent on plain radiographs and often require CT for detection. They form in acidic urine and may be dissolved with alkalinization.
Which bacterial species is responsible for the majority of uncomplicated urinary tract infections?
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Proteus mirabilis
Staphylococcus saprophyticus
Escherichia coli
Escherichia coli accounts for approximately 75 - 95% of community-acquired urinary tract infections. Its virulence factors enable adherence to the urothelium. Other organisms are less common except in complicated or hospital-acquired infections.
What term describes the presence of red blood cells in the urine?
Dysuria
Proteinuria
Hematuria
Pyuria
Hematuria refers to blood in the urine, which can be visible (gross) or detected microscopically. It may arise from stones, infections, tumors, or glomerular diseases. Further evaluation depends on patient risk factors and associated symptoms.
Which class of medication is often prescribed as medical expulsive therapy to help pass ureteral stones?
Thiazide diuretics
Beta-blockers
Loop diuretics
Alpha-1 blockers (e.g., tamsulosin)
Alpha-1 blockers such as tamsulosin relax ureteral smooth muscle and can facilitate the passage of distal ureteral stones, reducing pain and time to expulsion. They are well-studied and commonly used.
Struvite stones are often associated with infections by urease-producing bacteria. Which organism is most commonly implicated?
Escherichia coli
Proteus mirabilis
Staphylococcus saprophyticus
Enterococcus faecalis
Proteus mirabilis produces urease, which hydrolyzes urea into ammonia and raises urinary pH, promoting struvite (magnesium ammonium phosphate) stone formation. Management includes stone removal and eradication of infection.
Which metabolic abnormality is most commonly identified in patients with recurrent calcium kidney stones?
Hypercalciuria
Hyperoxaluria only
Hypouricosuria
Hypocalciuria
Hypercalciuria, or elevated urinary calcium excretion, is the most common metabolic risk factor in recurrent calcium stone formers. It may result from dietary, absorptive, or renal causes. Treatment includes dietary modification and thiazide diuretics.
Which antibiotic is generally contraindicated for the treatment of uncomplicated UTIs in pregnant women due to potential risks to the fetus?
Fosfomycin
Nitrofurantoin
Amoxicillin-clavulanate
Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX)
Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole is typically avoided during the first trimester due to folate antagonism and near term because of the risk of neonatal kernicterus. Alternatives like nitrofurantoin or fosfomycin are preferred when sensitivity allows.
According to American Urological Association guidelines, what is the recommended first-line management for a 5 mm distal ureteral stone in an afebrile patient without infection?
Percutaneous nephrolithotomy
Observation with hydration and tamsulosin
Ureteroscopy with laser lithotripsy
Shock wave lithotripsy
For distal ureteral stones ?5 mm in an afebrile patient, the AUA recommends conservative management with hydration, analgesia, and alpha-blocker therapy to facilitate passage. Invasive interventions are reserved for failed medical therapy or complications.
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Study Outcomes

  1. Differentiate Kidney Stone and UTI Symptoms -

    Identify distinguishing signs such as pain location, urinary changes, and fever to tell kidney stones apart from urinary tract infections.

  2. Identify Risk Factors -

    Recognize key contributors like dehydration, dietary habits, and infection history that increase your chances of developing kidney stones or UTIs.

  3. Analyze Treatment Options -

    Compare approaches such as lithotripsy, pain management, antibiotics, and self-care strategies to determine the best treatment path.

  4. Apply Prevention Strategies -

    Implement lifestyle changes, hydration techniques, and dietary adjustments proven to lower the risk of kidney stones and urinary tract infections.

  5. Interpret Quiz Results and Next Steps -

    Use your score from the do i have kidney stones quiz and the kidney stone or uti quiz to guide your health decisions and know when to seek professional care.

Cheat Sheet

  1. Symptom Differentiation -

    In the kidney stone or uti quiz, mastering the key symptom differences is essential. Flank pain radiating to the groin and visible hematuria typically indicate stones, while dysuria, frequency, and cloudy urine are hallmarks of a UTI (NIH). Remember the mnemonic "STONE vs SODA": Sharp pain, Transit to groin, Occult blood vs Sudden urge, Odor, Dysuria, Acidic smell.

  2. Stone Composition & Mnemonics -

    Understanding common stone types helps in the kidney stones symptom quiz. Calcium oxalate (75%), uric acid, struvite, cystine, and phosphate stones each have unique risk factors and treatments (American Urological Association). Use "COCUSP" to recall Calcium Oxalate, Cystine, Uric acid, Struvite, Phosphate stones.

  3. Diagnostic Imaging & Labs -

    The kidney stones diagnosis quiz often rewards familiarity with CT and ultrasound findings. Noncontrast helical CT is the gold standard for detecting stones ≥2 mm, while ultrasound avoids radiation for pregnant patients (Mayo Clinic). Pair imaging with urinalysis to check for crystals, pH changes, and infection markers.

  4. Acute Pain Management -

    For the kidney stones treatment quiz, know that NSAIDs like ketorolac are first-line for colic pain, reducing prostaglandin-mediated ureteral spasm (Cochrane Review). Alpha-blockers (e.g., tamsulosin) can expedite stone passage by relaxing ureteral smooth muscle. Always assess hydration status and avoid opioids unless pain is refractory.

  5. Prevention Strategies -

    In a do i have kidney stones quiz context, prevention is a high-scoring topic. Aim for >2 L/day fluid intake, moderate sodium, and limit high-oxalate foods like spinach and nuts (NIH). Use "FRUIT" to remember: Fluids, Reduce salt, Increase produce, Uric acid control, Tea moderation.

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