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Quizzes > Science

Basic Science Questions and Answers Quiz

Quick, free quiz with simple science questions. Instant results.

Editorial: Review CompletedCreated By: Giorgos PanoukliasUpdated Aug 26, 2025
Difficulty: Moderate
2-5mins
Learning OutcomesCheat Sheet
Paper art illustration for a free basic science quiz on a coral background

This basic science quiz helps you check core ideas across physics, chemistry, and life science with clear, bite-size questions. Get instant answers to see strengths and gaps, then try a fresh basic science quiz, build foundations with an easy biology quiz, or challenge yourself with a science fair quiz.

What is the chemical symbol for water?
H2O2
O2
CO2
H2O
Water is composed of two hydrogen atoms bonded to one oxygen atom, giving it the chemical formula H2O. This is universally accepted in chemistry. The other options represent hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), oxygen gas (O2), and carbon dioxide (CO2). For more details, see .
Which planet is known as the Red Planet?
Mercury
Mars
Venus
Jupiter
Mars is called the Red Planet because of the iron oxide (rust) on its surface that gives it a reddish appearance. Its distinctive color was noted even by ancient astronomers. Jupiter, Venus, and Mercury have different surface characteristics. More information at .
What gas do plants absorb from the atmosphere during photosynthesis?
Nitrogen
Carbon Dioxide
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Plants take in carbon dioxide (CO2) from the air to convert into glucose and oxygen during photosynthesis. This process is vital for producing the energy they need. Oxygen is released as a byproduct. To learn more, visit .
How many legs do insects have?
8
6
10
4
Insects are characterized by having three body segments and six legs. This distinguishes them from arachnids, which have eight legs. The six-legged structure is a key feature of the class Insecta. See .
Which organ pumps blood throughout the human body?
Lung
Kidney
Heart
Brain
The heart is a muscular organ responsible for pumping blood through the circulatory system. It ensures oxygen and nutrients are delivered to tissues. Lungs handle gas exchange, the brain controls functions, and kidneys filter blood. For more, see .
What is the freezing point of water at sea level in degrees Celsius?
100°C
0°C
32°C
-10°C
At standard atmospheric pressure, water freezes at 0°C. This is a fundamental point on the Celsius temperature scale. 32°C is far above freezing, 100°C is the boiling point, and -10°C is colder than freezing. See .
What is the pH of pure water at 25°C?
5
7
0
14
Pure water is neutral and has a pH of 7 at 25°C on the pH scale. Values below 7 are acidic, and values above 7 are basic. Temperature can slightly alter the exact pH. For details, refer to .
Which element has atomic number 6?
Nitrogen
Oxygen
Carbon
Hydrogen
The atomic number indicates the number of protons in an atom's nucleus. Carbon has six protons, giving it atomic number 6. Oxygen is 8, nitrogen is 7, and hydrogen is 1. More at .
What force keeps planets in orbit around the Sun?
Gravity
Friction
Electromagnetism
Magnetism
Gravity is the attractive force that governs the motion of planets around the Sun. It is described by Newton's law of universal gravitation and Einstein's general relativity. Magnetism and friction do not play a significant role at this scale. See .
What is the primary gas in Earth's atmosphere?
Carbon Dioxide
Argon
Oxygen
Nitrogen
Nitrogen makes up about 78% of Earth's atmosphere by volume, making it the most abundant gas. Oxygen is the second most at around 21%. Argon and carbon dioxide are present in much smaller amounts. More information at .
What unit measures electrical resistance?
Ohm (?)
Watt (W)
Volt (V)
Ampere (A)
Electrical resistance is measured in ohms, symbolized by the Greek letter ?. It quantifies how much a material resists the flow of electric current. Amperes measure current, volts measure potential, and watts measure power. For more, see .
What type of bond involves sharing electron pairs between atoms?
Hydrogen bond
Ionic bond
Covalent bond
Metallic bond
In a covalent bond, atoms share pairs of electrons to achieve stable electron configurations. Ionic bonds involve transfer of electrons, hydrogen bonds are weaker dipole interactions, and metallic bonds share electrons in a 'sea'. Learn more at .
What is the chemical formula for table salt?
SiO2
NaCl
Na2CO3
KCl
Table salt is sodium chloride, with the chemical formula NaCl. It forms an ionic compound between sodium ions and chloride ions. Potassium chloride (KCl) is a different salt, sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) is washing soda, and silicon dioxide (SiO2) is quartz. More at .
In cell division, what phase follows prophase?
Telophase
Anaphase
Interphase
Metaphase
During mitosis, prophase is followed by metaphase, where chromosomes align at the cell's equatorial plate. Anaphase then separates sister chromatids, and telophase concludes division. Interphase occurs before mitosis. Details at .
Which law states that pressure and volume of a gas are inversely proportional at constant temperature?
Charles' Law
Ohm's Law
Boyle's Law
Avogadro's Law
Boyle's Law describes the inverse relationship between pressure and volume of a gas at constant temperature: P1V1 = P2V2. Charles' Law relates volume and temperature, Ohm's Law covers electrical circuits, and Avogadro's Law relates volume to moles. For more, see .
Which part of an atom has no electric charge?
Proton
Nucleus
Neutron
Electron
Neutrons are neutral particles within an atom's nucleus, carrying no electric charge. Protons are positively charged, and electrons are negatively charged. The nucleus is the combined region of protons and neutrons. More information at .
What geological process is responsible for the formation of most mountain ranges?
Plate tectonics
Sedimentation
Erosion
Volcanism
Most mountain ranges form at convergent plate boundaries where tectonic plates collide, causing uplift. Erosion and sedimentation reshape landscapes over time, while volcanism can build individual peaks. Plate tectonics explains large-scale mountain building. See .
What is the standard acceleration due to gravity on Earth's surface?
9.8 m/s²
3.7 m/s²
1.6 m/s²
12 m/s²
Standard gravity on Earth is approximately 9.8 meters per second squared (m/s²). This is the acceleration due to Earth's gravitational pull at sea level. The other values correspond to the Moon (1.6 m/s²) and Mars (3.7 m/s²). More details at .
What equation is used to calculate the pH of a buffer solution based on acid dissociation?
Michaelis - Menten equation
Arrhenius equation
Henderson - Hasselbalch equation
Nernst equation
The Henderson - Hasselbalch equation relates pH, pKa, and the ratio of the concentrations of the conjugate base and acid in a buffer. It is widely used to estimate buffer pH. The Nernst equation deals with electrochemical potentials, and the others describe different biochemical or physical relationships. See .
In quantum mechanics, which principle states that position and momentum cannot both be precisely known at the same time?
Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle
Pauli Exclusion Principle
Bohr Model
Schrödinger Equation
The Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle expresses a fundamental limit to the precision with which position and momentum can be known simultaneously. It is a core concept in quantum mechanics. The Pauli Exclusion Principle addresses fermion occupancy, the Schrödinger Equation governs wavefunctions, and the Bohr Model is an early atomic model. More at .
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Study Outcomes

  1. Understand Fundamental Scientific Concepts -

    Users will grasp key ideas like atomic structure, cell biology, and ecosystem dynamics through simple science questions.

  2. Recall Essential Science Terms -

    After engaging with the scientific quiz, learners can accurately define terms found in science questions and answers, such as elements, molecules, and habitats.

  3. Apply Logical Reasoning -

    Participants will use basic scientific reasoning to solve science quiz questions and reinforce their understanding of core principles.

  4. Identify Correct Science Answers -

    Through this scientific quiz, users will sharpen their ability to choose accurate responses from multiple-choice and true/false questions.

  5. Differentiate Between Scientific Categories -

    Readers will learn to distinguish between concepts like prokaryotes vs eukaryotes, physical vs chemical changes, and producers vs consumers.

  6. Evaluate Your Science Knowledge -

    At the end of the quiz, learners can assess their performance and identify areas for further study in basic science questions.

Cheat Sheet

  1. Atomic Structure -

    Atoms, as explained by IUPAC and Khan Academy, consist of a nucleus of protons (positive) and neutrons (neutral) with electrons (negative) orbiting around it. A handy mnemonic is "Electron is Negative" to quickly recall each subatomic charge. This basic fact underpins how elements interact in chemical bonds.

  2. Periodic Table Organization -

    According to IUPAC guidelines, the periodic table is arranged in periods (rows) and groups (columns) that show repeating chemical properties and valence electron counts. For example, Group 1 elements all have one valence electron, making them highly reactive alkali metals. Recognizing trends like atomic radius and electronegativity helps answer many science quiz questions.

  3. States of Matter -

    The American Chemical Society outlines the four fundamental states - solid, liquid, gas, and plasma - based on particle arrangement and energy levels. Knowing that plasma forms at high energy (e.g., lightning) can save you on basic science questions. Understanding phase changes (melting, vaporization) is essential for thermodynamics problems.

  4. Newton's Second Law of Motion -

    Newton's second law, F = ma (force equals mass times acceleration), is a cornerstone of physics taught by NASA and physics departments worldwide. For example, a 2 kg object accelerating at 3 m/s² experiences a 6 N force. This formula often appears in simple science quiz questions to calculate force or acceleration.

  5. Ecology and Food Chains -

    National Geographic defines an ecosystem as a community of producers, consumers, and decomposers interacting in an environment. A classic example is grass (producer) → rabbit (primary consumer) → fox (secondary consumer). These relationships are frequent topics in science questions and answers on basic biology quizzes.

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