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Quizzes > Science

Cell organelles quiz: test your knowledge of cell parts

Quick organelle test with instant results and clear explanations

Editorial: Review CompletedCreated By: Emily SimoneUpdated Aug 26, 2025
Difficulty: Moderate
2-5mins
Learning OutcomesCheat Sheet
Paper art collage of plant animal eukaryotic and prokaryotic cell organelles on sky blue background for quiz

This cell organelles quiz helps you identify structures and match their functions in plant, animal, eukaryotic, and prokaryotic cells. Check your weak spots with quick questions, then explore deeper with the organelle functions quiz or compare structures in the plant vs animal cell quiz. For a lighter challenge, try what organelle am i and see which cell part fits your style.

Which organelle is known as the powerhouse of the cell?
Mitochondrion
Nucleus
Ribosome
Golgi apparatus
Mitochondria generate ATP through cellular respiration, powering most cellular activities. They contain their own DNA and a double membrane that aids in energy conversion. This critical function earned them the nickname 'powerhouse of the cell.' .
In plant cells, which organelle is responsible for photosynthesis?
Mitochondrion
Endoplasmic reticulum
Lysosome
Chloroplast
Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll, which captures light energy to drive the synthesis of sugars. They have a double membrane and their own DNA, supporting energy conversion roles. Photosynthesis occurs in the thylakoid membranes within chloroplasts. .
What structure regulates the entry and exit of substances in and out of the cell?
Cell membrane
Vacuole
Cytoplasm
Cell wall
The cell membrane, or plasma membrane, is a lipid bilayer with embedded proteins that controls molecular traffic. It maintains homeostasis by selecting which ions and molecules can pass. The cell wall, found in plants and bacteria, provides rigid support but does not regulate passage. .
Where are ribosomes found in eukaryotic cells?
Inside the Golgi apparatus
On the smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Within the mitochondrial matrix
On the rough endoplasmic reticulum
Ribosomes can be free in the cytosol or bound to the rough ER, where they synthesize proteins destined for secretion or membrane insertion. The rough ER's surface is studded with ribosomes, giving it a 'rough' appearance. Smooth ER lacks ribosomes and is involved in lipid synthesis. .
What is the primary function of a lysosome?
Digesting cellular waste and macromolecules
Synthesizing proteins
Carrying out photosynthesis
Producing cellular energy
Lysosomes contain hydrolytic enzymes that break down damaged organelles, macromolecules, and foreign particles. They maintain cellular health by recycling components through autophagy. Dysfunctional lysosomes can lead to accumulation of waste and disease. .
Which feature distinguishes prokaryotic cells from eukaryotic cells?
Absence of a membrane-bound nucleus
Presence of mitochondria
Presence of a Golgi apparatus
Linear chromosomes
Prokaryotes lack a true nucleus; their genetic material resides in the nucleoid region. They also lack membrane-bound organelles like mitochondria and Golgi. Eukaryotes have a defined nucleus and a variety of organelles. .
What piece of evidence supports the endosymbiotic theory for the origin of mitochondria?
They have membrane-bound nuclei
They perform photosynthesis
They possess a rigid cell wall
Mitochondria contain their own circular DNA
Mitochondria have circular DNA similar to bacteria, supporting their prokaryotic origin. They also replicate by binary fission and have double membranes. These traits align with the endosymbiotic theory of engulfment by ancestral eukaryotes. .
The Golgi apparatus is primarily involved in which cellular process?
Modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins
DNA replication
Lipid breakdown
ATP synthesis
Proteins synthesized in the ER are transported to the Golgi apparatus, where they are modified, sorted, and packaged into vesicles. This process is essential for proper protein targeting. The Golgi also contributes to lipid transport and lysosome formation. Golgi apparatus functions.
Peroxisomes are important for which of the following functions?
Photosynthesis
Cell division
Breakdown of fatty acids and detoxification
Protein folding
Peroxisomes contain enzymes like catalase that break down hydrogen peroxide and fatty acids. They help detoxify harmful substances and participate in lipid metabolism. Dysfunction can lead to peroxisomal disorders affecting multiple organ systems. .
Release of cytochrome c from which organelle triggers apoptosis?
Endoplasmic reticulum
Lysosome
Nucleus
Mitochondria
During intrinsic apoptosis, mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization releases cytochrome c into the cytosol. This activates caspases that orchestrate cell death. The process is tightly regulated by Bcl-2 family proteins. .
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Study Outcomes

  1. Identify Plant Cell Organelles -

    Identify the major organelles unique to plant cells, such as chloroplasts and cell walls, and recognize their roles in photosynthesis and support.

  2. Identify Animal Cell Organelles -

    Identify key organelles found in animal cells, including lysosomes and centrioles, and understand their functions in cellular processes.

  3. Differentiate Eukaryotic vs Prokaryotic Organelles -

    Differentiate between organelle structures in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells to grasp fundamental organizational differences.

  4. Describe Organelle Functions -

    Describe the functions of major cell organelles - such as the nucleus, mitochondria, and endoplasmic reticulum - within both plant and animal contexts.

  5. Analyze Cell Structure Differences -

    Analyze how structural variations among organelles impact cell type functions and adaptability in diverse biological systems.

  6. Apply Knowledge in a Cell Organelles Quiz -

    Apply your understanding of cell structure to answer quiz questions confidently and reinforce your mastery of plant, animal, and prokaryotic vs eukaryotic organelles.

Cheat Sheet

  1. Membrane-bound vs Non - Membrane-bound Organelles -

    Eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bound powerhouses like mitochondria, chloroplasts, and a nucleus, while prokaryotes rely on a membrane-less nucleoid region to house their DNA. Use the mnemonic "Nucleus's Nice Membrane" to recall that only eukaryotes have true nuclei (source: National Center for Biotechnology Information). Mastering this concept is essential for nailing the eukaryotic vs prokaryotic cell organelles quiz.

  2. Endomembrane System: ER, Golgi & Vesicles -

    The endomembrane system unifies rough and smooth ER, Golgi apparatus, and transport vesicles to synthesize, modify, and deliver proteins and lipids. Remember "Enjoy Good Veggies" to memorize the trio: Endoplasmic Reticulum, Golgi Apparatus, Vesicles (source: Alberts et al., Molecular Biology of the Cell). A solid grasp here will boost your plant cell organelles quiz and animal cell organelles quiz performance.

  3. Energy Centers: Mitochondria & Chloroplasts -

    Mitochondria convert glucose into ATP via the citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation, while chloroplasts perform photosynthesis to make sugars in plant cells. Use the formula C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + ~30 ATP to remember mitochondrial output (source: Khan Academy). Knowing this is crucial for mastering your cell organelles quiz.

  4. The Cytoskeleton: Microtubules, Microfilaments & Intermediate Filaments -

    The cytoskeleton's trio gives cells structure, motility, and transport corridors: microtubules support shape and mitosis, microfilaments enable contraction, and intermediate filaments add tensile strength. Mnemonic "TMI" for Tubules, Microfilaments, Intermediate filaments helps you recall the three (source: Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology). This foundation will give you confidence in both plant cell organelles quiz and animal cell organelles quiz questions about cell shape and movement.

  5. Unique Plant vs Animal Cell Organelles -

    Plant cells boast rigid cell walls made of cellulose and chloroplasts for photosynthesis, whereas animal cells feature centrosomes with centrioles and lysosomes for digestion (source: University of California). Remember "Walls vs Wastes" to link plant cell wall presence and animal cell lysosome function in your mind. Highlighting these differences will give you an edge on eukaryotic vs prokaryotic cell organelles quiz and cell structure quiz questions.

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